National Treasure-Giant Panda

1980165438+1at 3pm on October 5th, the German Berlin airport was carpeted with the slogan "Warmly welcome the friendly ambassador of the people of China". The airport was crowded with welcoming crowds and reporters holding flowers.

Just after the special plane from China landed, the long-awaited China "VIP" finally appeared: black eyes, black ears, and a fur robe covered with dark clouds and snow!

Oh, this is a pair of giant pandas from China, named Tian Tian and Baobao.

The giant panda is an animal that everyone loves. Giant pandas love to play and are naive. Sometimes it stands upright and looks like a dance; Sometimes, leaning against a stone, sitting on the grass and eating bamboo branches leisurely; Sometimes they will huddle together and roll around casually; Sometimes I drag my clumsy body and stagger to play on the grass. Once trained, giant pandas become acrobatic "stars". They can perform wonderful programs such as tumbling forward, eating western food, playing the trumpet, pushing a cart, riding a wooden horse, sliding a slide and playing football, and often win warm applause and happy laughter from the audience.

The giant panda is a rare animal unique to China and the most famous endangered animal in the world. Giant pandas are called "tapirs" in China ancient books. More than two thousand years ago, in the book Erya in the early Han Dynasty, it was recorded that "tapirs are black and reject bamboo". Sima Xiangru, a famous writer in Han Dynasty, listed nearly 40 rare animals raised in Shanglinyuan, Xianyang at that time, and the giant panda ranked first, which shows that the giant panda was regarded as a precious and famous animal at that time.

The giant panda has a plump figure, stout limbs, short bald tail, strange coat color, milky white head, black limbs and shoulders, neat black ears and two black eyes on its head, much like wearing a pair of figure-eight black-rimmed glasses. Giant pandas are handsome and gentle, giving people an elegant and lively feeling.

With the increasingly extensive friendly exchanges between China and people all over the world, the giant panda frequently visits as a friendly messenger, causing a sensation all over the world. Many countries are honored to receive giant pandas from the government of China. The giant panda, like a bright pearl, has added luster to China's zoos in these countries. The giant panda "Lan Lan" presented by the government of China arrived at Ueno Zoo. In the first nine months, as many as 300 thousand people visited every day, forming a "panda fever" 1September, 979, light light blue died in Tokyo, and 30 million Japanese mourned for light light blue. The Japanese Prime Minister also delivered a speech mourning the death of "Light Light Blue"!

In the zoo, the giant panda became the most beloved "VIP". The panda house is spacious and beautiful, with green bamboo and clear water, air conditioning and considerate care, but pandas are not used to this "comfortable" life. The environment has changed, the climate is different, the range of activities is limited, and the food conditions are very different from those in the wild. It is not easy to feed giant pandas, and it is even more difficult to breed them. So, what is the environment and life of giant pandas in nature?

At present, the distribution of giant pandas in China is very narrow, only found in Minshan, Qionglai and Liangshan in Sichuan Province, the southern edge of Gansu Province and the southern foot of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, with an altitude of 2,000-3,500m. In sparsely populated forest areas, most of the mountains are cliffs and towering into the sky, but some are gentle slopes. The hillside is covered with dense virgin forest. The mountains are shrouded in clouds, with vast smoke waves, moist air, rich springs, moss everywhere, and lush plants mixed with all kinds of bamboo. The giant panda living here lives with Nenzhuquan all the year round and becomes a "bamboo hermit".

The scientific name of the giant panda is actually "panda", which means "bear like a cat". That is, "it is similar to bears in essence and cats in appearance." Strictly speaking, "panda" is a wrong noun. This "wrong case" was caused by this: before liberation, the Beibei Museum in Chongqing, Sichuan had exhibited panda specimens, and the word "panda" was written horizontally from left to right on the instruction board. But at that time, the horizontal headlines of newspapers were used to reading from right to left, so the reporter mistakenly wrote "Panda" in the report. The word "panda" is widely spread by the media, and it is difficult to correct it if you get used to it. Therefore, if people make mistakes, they are called "pandas".

In fact, scientists named the giant panda "Panda" because its ancestors were similar to bears, belonging to the order Carnivora. Later, the bear kept the habit of eating meat, while the giant panda gave up vegetarianism, preferring bamboo and occasionally eating corn stalks and young fir bark. Why is this? According to scientists' research, although the distant ancestor of the giant panda was a carnivore, he had to eat bamboo all over the mountain because he couldn't find meat. From generation to generation, he developed the habit of eating bamboo. Giant pandas eat 17 kinds of bamboo, among which cold arrow bamboo and orange bamboo are the favorite. But bamboo has few nutrients, mainly indigestible cellulose, so giant pandas eat a lot. An adult giant panda must eat at least 15 ~ 20kg of bamboo every day and night, and excrete a lot of indigestible cellulose. Where giant pandas are active, it is easiest to find piles of cellulose feces. But giant pandas sometimes show carnivorous nature, preying on animals such as bamboo rats.

The range of activities of giant pandas is closely related to the seasons. In winter and spring, most people live in valleys with no snow or less snow below 3000 meters. Activity as usual in winter, no habit of hibernation. In summer and autumn, it is mostly active in areas above 3000 meters. When the weather is hot, I often go to streams and rivers in ravines to drink water, and sometimes I go swimming in the water. Giant pandas have no fixed habitat. They wander everywhere, where they go, where they eat and where they sleep. Although it is heavy and fat, it can't walk steadily, but it is quite clever to climb trees. Its hearing is very sensitive, and when it is disturbed, it will climb to the top of a tall tree very flexibly to hide.

Giant pandas are usually withdrawn. Only in estrus will men and women live together temporarily. Their fertility is very low. Usually they have one child per child, and sometimes they can have two. Dead tree holes are often used as nests during childbirth. Strangely, an adult panda weighs more than 100 kg, but the newborn panda is surprisingly small, weighing only 0. 1 ~ 0. 15 kg, which, like mice, is only one thousandth of the maternal weight, so it is not easy to survive. It takes about two years for a giant panda to grow up from birth.

It is precisely because of the difficulties in breeding and survival of giant pandas that there are only a handful of wild giant pandas in China today, with an estimated number of only 1000.

Under the condition of artificial breeding, the birth of giant pandas has become a major event. 1982 In September, the King of Spain was sleeping soundly when suddenly the telephone rang loudly. The king knew that his men would not disturb him in the middle of the night unless there was an emergency. Hearing the phone call, the king was overjoyed, because the news came from the capital Madrid Zoo that China giant panda Xiaoxiao had just given birth to twins! The king said happily, "Warm congratulations!" Just finished, he quickly added: "Be sure to take good care of the baby!" The next day, good news from Spain spread all over the world. Nowadays, experts in China have gradually mastered the breeding rules of giant pandas, and hundreds of cubs have been born in the breeding center.

The giant panda is precious, not only because it is cute and rare, but more importantly, it is an ancient animal with a history of 3 million years, which is valuable for scientists to study ancient mammals. Fossil research shows that the morphological structure of giant pandas has not changed much for millions of years. Today's giant pandas still retain many original features. Therefore, the giant panda is known as a "living fossil".

The giant panda is the national treasure of China and has been listed as a first-class protected animal in China. China established the 13 nature reserve, which mainly protects giant pandas, and adopted a series of active protection measures and meticulous care, which saved this endangered species and promoted the panda's reproduction and family prosperity. This paper is an overall structure.