What are the scenic spots in Russia? What are the characteristics of the Kremlin?

The Kremlin is a world-famous building complex, enjoying the reputation of the eighth wonder of the world, and is a must-see place for tourists. The Kremlin is located on the north bank of Moscow Lake in the center of Moscow, 87. The main building was built in14th century. It used to be the palace of the Russian czar. During the Soviet era, it was the residence of the state party and government organs, and now it is the Russian presidential palace and the office of state leaders. The Kremlin borders moscow river in the south, Aleksandrov Garden in the northwest and Red Square in the east, covering an area of 275,000 square meters. The walls of the palace are generally triangular, about 2300 meters long, and more than 20 exquisite towers stand along the walls.

The buildings in the palace are magnificent and magnificent. The Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady crowned by the czar is the most magnificent. The Russian-style Grand Kremlin is the main place for the government to hold major state events: George Hall is golden red. Hold state talks for the main leaders; The green Vladimir Hall is used for signing ceremony and awarding ceremony. Ivan Bell Tower is 8 1 m high and is the tallest building in the palace. There is a huge bronze clock outside the building, which is 6. 14 meters high and weighs more than 288 tons. It is called the king of clocks. Next to it is an ancient gun with a caliber of 890 mm and a weight of 40 tons, which is called the gun king. So it's too big, and no tower can be hoisted by Zhong Wang, so Zhong Wang hasn't rung since it was cast.

The gun king's muzzle is big enough to climb into two people at the same time, but never a shell is fired from the barrel. Assumption Cathedral is the oldest church in Russia, located on the steep plateau of the Kryazima River in the city. It is famous for its colorless artifact architecture popular in12nd century, and it is one of the greatest creations of Russian architecture in12nd century. From 12 to 15 century, the czar was crowned here.

During the period when capitalism was banned, only this church was still open to the people and was highly respected by the Orthodox Church. /kloc-In the 9th century, a white stone church was built on the right side of the original church because it was no longer used. There is also a cultural center and a library in the church. The white stone of the cathedral is decorated with stone carvings such as the ascension of Alexander Macedonia, and the relief of the lion's head and the woman's head, which symbolizes the eternal life of Christ and also shows that the church is dedicated to the virgin Mary. Part of the watercolor mural "The Last Judgment" in the west of the church has been preserved. It was buried with Archduke and Bishop Vladimir from 12 to 13 century. El Mittag Museum El Mittag Museum was built in 1764.

At that time, the collection was 225 paintings obtained by Russian Queen Catherine II from Berlin businessman Gotskovski. The museum celebrated its founding day on February 7, 2008, which is also the sacred Yekaterina Day. The Taj Mahal Museum was opened to the public on 1852. Elmy Tashi Museum is located on the Neva River in the center of St. Petersburg. It has six main buildings: Winter Palace, Little Winter Palace, Old Elmy Tarri, Elmy Tarri Theatre, Winter Palace Reserve and New Elmy Tarri. The Winter Palace is the main building in this unique complex, which was built in18-19th century. This is the Russian czar's palace, which was built from 1754 to 1762 and designed by Rastrelli.

The complex also includes the East Annex Building of the General Staff, Menshi Chikov Palace and the recently built storage room (with a total area of nearly 6,543,800 square meters). In about 250 years, Elmy Tashi Museum has collected nearly 3 million world cultural and artistic treasures from the Stone Age to the present. Now, with the help of modern technology, Elmy Tashi Museum has built its own digital museum, which can be seen all over the world. The art department of Western Europe Museum is the earliest and largest branch. It is divided into six exhibition areas:13-18th century color painting,19-20th century color painting, line drawing, printmaking, practical art, metal products and gems. The Western European Art Department currently has 76 employees, including 6 doctors and 24 associate doctors.

The Western European Art Department has nearly 600,000 exhibits. The daily exhibition of Western European artworks occupies Hall 65,438+020 of Tash Museum in Elmy. The art department of ancient Greece is also one of the oldest branches. It is divided into two exhibition areas: ancient Greece and Rome and the northern shore of the ancient Black Sea. The section has 22 staff members, five of whom are assistant doctors. other

There are about 6.5438+0.4 million exhibits. There are more than 106000 cultural relics about ancient Greece in the El Taji Museum, which reflect the culture and art of ancient Greece, ancient Italy and ancient Rome, as well as the colonies of ancient Greece on the northern shore of the Black Sea. Among them, the oldest cultural relics belong to 3000 BC, and the latest belongs to the 4th century AD. 193 1 year, based on the ancient Greek art department of Tashi Museum in Elmy, the Archaeological Department of Siberia in Eastern Europe was established. There are 30 staff members in the department, including 4 doctors and assistant doctors 1 1. There are nearly half a million pieces in this department's warehouse. There are 33 exhibition halls. The youngest branch of the Russian Ministry of Literature and History Museum.

It was first established in April of 194 1 and finally completed after the Great Patriotic War. The Russian Department of Literature and History has 34 staff members, including 2 doctors and 3 assistant doctors/kloc-0. The history department has more than 50 exhibition halls and more than 300,000 exhibits. These rich exhibits reflect the history of Russia 1000 years. Sacred statues and handicrafts reproduce the spiritual world and lifestyle of ancient Ross people. The cultural relics of Peter the Great show us an era of great change. /kloc-The works of famous artists, painters, sculptors and pragmatic masters in the 0/8th century let us appreciate the brilliance of Elizabeth Petrovsky and Catherine II.

In Menshi Chikov Palace, there are treasures of Russian culture in the first 30 years of the18th century, especially the interior of the palace, which retains the real decoration of18th century. There are 59 employees here, two of whom are associate doctors. Alexander Danilovic Mensilev was the first mayor of St Petersburg. As its official residence, Mensh Chikov Palace was built on Vasily Island in 17 10. This is one of the earliest preserved buildings in St. Petersburg, which integrates residential and administrative functions. The appearance of Mensh Chikov Palace is very unique. From 17 10 to 1727, it was finally completed after a long period of gradual construction.

Western European architects and designers participated in the construction and decoration: Giovanni Mario fontana, John gottfried Scheedel, Treggini, Rastrelli, Georg John Materno and Leblond. Russian craftsmen plasterer, painter, carpenter, furniture worker, cutter, bricklayer and painter have turned these designers' ideas into reality. The Oriental Culture and Art Department was established in 1920, which consists of four exhibition areas: ancient East, Byzantium and Middle East, Central Asia and Caucasus, and Far East. There are 42 staff in this department, including 6 doctors and 2 assistant doctors1person. There are 78 exhibition halls. There are nearly 6,543,800 exhibits.

Wyndell dichinson Cathedral is also called Blood Cathedral or wyndell dichinson Cathedral. Barr was built from 1883 to 1907 to commemorate the killing of Tsar Alexander II by revolutionary radicals. This is the place where the terrorist Gnevsky assassinated Tsar Alexander II on March 188 1. Alexander II, known as the serf rescuer in Russian history. Because Alexander II made many contributions to Russia during his 26-year rule, the assassination caused dissatisfaction and accusations throughout the country. In order to commemorate the benevolent monarch who died for the people, this memorial hall with special historical significance was built at the scene of the accident.

According to the design requirements at that time, the Russian style must be fully reflected, so the architect Balland built this church based on the basil Ascension Cathedral in Moscow's Red Square. The artistic design of the exterior of the church is mainly inspired by the architectural styles of Yarra Slavski Railway Station and Vasily Ascension Hall in Red Square. The concrete structure of the whole church comes from the idea of ignacio, the abbot's high priest. According to legend, ignacio, the high priest, revealed the blueprint of the future church in his sleep. The groundbreaking ceremony was held in September 1883. After 24 years of construction, it was officially completed on August 1907, and Nicholas II held a grand opening ceremony.

State dignitaries and members of the royal family were invited to watch the ceremony. The interior of the Church of the Resurrection of Jesus is covered with mosaics of Old Testament stories. Compared with Basil's Ascension Cathedral, its appearance is more beautiful and vivid. Catherine Palace, also known as Huangcun, was built by Queen Catherine II.

The design of the palace is exquisite and decadent, with fresh and soft colors and full of feminine charm. It can be said that the garden is full of poetry, beautiful melody and fragrant flowers and plants everywhere. When the queen was alive, her lewdness, arrogance and luxury still filled the whole garden. 1990 is included in the United Nations World Heritage List. If Peter Palace is the embodiment of the will of Peter the Great, then Imperial Village mainly embodies the ideal and taste of Catherine II. In July17, ground was broken for the summer villa built for Queen yekaterina Aleksev, the wife of Peter I, which was located in Sally Manor, about 30 kilometers south of Petersburg.

Seven years later, * * 16 two-story mansion with main house and surrounding garden was completed and put into use. To emphasize the importance of the new royal territory, it was quickly called the Royal Village. 174 1 year, after Elizabeth Petrovna, the daughter of Peter the Great, ascended the throne, she authorized the best architect in Petersburg to expand this slightly humble manor. In the continuous large-scale project, not only new palaces and gardens were built, but also the first batch of garden buildings were built.

But what really makes this palace shine is the talented architect B. Rastrelli. The 16-year-old Italian moved to Petersburg with the sculptor's father, and is famous for his architectural masterpieces such as Smolny Abbey, Winter Palace and Peter Palace. Rastrelli, who has rich artistic experience, changed his predecessor's design several years later (1752 ~ 1756), making it look brand-new. The reconstructed palace is 306 meters long, exceeding all the buildings in Russian Baroque period.

The sky-blue appearance is dazzling and full of festive atmosphere. Sculptures with rich shapes and concave-convex structures make buildings hundreds of meters long not boring at all. The five spherical spires of the palace sparkle under the blue sky and can be seen almost anywhere in the garden. Rastrelli's artistic talent enabled him to display his talents when decorating the interior of the palace, and his magnificent halls and rooms became baroque classics. During the reign of Katrina II (1762 ~ 1796), Huangcun became the epitome of the splendid culture of the increasingly powerful Russian empire. Shortly after she became the third owner of Huangcun, she issued an imperial decree to transform the original geometric garden into a fashionable English garden.

At this time, the cultural trend in Europe has evolved into classicism based on nature, and this concept has also been introduced into garden art, so winding paths have replaced straight tree-lined roads, manicured lawns have become lush grasslands, and regular ponds in Fiona Fang have become winding ponds, allowing clusters of free-growing trees to appear naturally. Pushkin City Pushkin City (Huangcun) is located 24 kilometers south of St. Petersburg. From 17 10, this place belongs to Catherine I, the wife of Peter the Great. After 1725, it became one of the largest independent palaces of the tsar. It has been called Royal Village since 1728.

1756, the baroque Catherine Palace was built here. Later, Aleksandrov Palace, Concert Hall and Amber Hall were built, all of which were absolutely beautiful. 1937, to commemorate the centenary of Pushkin's death, Huangcun was renamed Pushkin City. Now, Pushkin's birthday is celebrated here on the first Sunday of June every year. Long Beach on Vassili Island The promontory to the east of Vassili Island is called Long Beach. Russian is Ljerka, which means arrow. Long Beach, located at the confluence of neva river and two tributaries, has always been a prosperous trading port. Therefore, a stock exchange specializing in business has been set up here.

During the period of 1805- 18 16, this comprehensive building complex consisting of stock exchange, beacon towers and granite banks was built according to the design scheme of architect thomas de Tomont. The structure and decoration of the stock exchange are inspired by the architectural styles of temples in ancient Greece and Rome. Just like the temples in ancient Greece and Rome, the whole stock exchange consists of 44 pillars with cow crowns as the basic framework of the building. The top of the building is decorated with a group of sculptures, symbolizing the prosperity and development of Russian navy and commerce. These decorative statues carved from stone were designed by Ivan Polacco Fuyev and Fedoshi Sidling and carved by the famous sculptor Sang Song Surh.

You can see it from a distance. It's spectacular. Inside the building is a hall decorated with some sculptures. In the past, this was the place where businessmen engaged in business activities. Now it is the Central Military Ocean Museum. There are two arched decorative columns on both sides of the square in front of the exchange, which are 32 meters high and are lighthouses for ships to enter the harbor. They are called Rastrelli cylinders. The reason why there is bow decoration in the world is that in ancient Greece and Rome, people nailed the bow of a defeated ship to a post as a symbol of victory in naval battles. On the granite base of the navigation lighthouse, there are four statues symbolizing the Volga River, Volga River, Dnieper River and neva river flowing through St. Petersburg.

The comprehensive building complex centered on the whole stock exchange is magnificent and beautiful. On major festivals, lighthouses will be lit. Compared with Moscow, the Kremlin in Suzdari is much smaller and much older. The whole Kremlin is located on a towering hill, and the terrain is quite dangerous. There is a famous nativity cathedral in the palace. 9288 Monument The 9288 Monument was built on the platform of Vladivostok Railway Station to commemorate trans-siberian railway, known as the 12th wonder of the world. The monument is about four meters high, and the national emblem of the Russian double-headed eagle is placed on the high spire. The monument consists of circular geometric figures below and above.

The black marble is inlaid with four bronze characters of 9288 and Huang Cancan, indicating that the distance between the end of trans-siberian railway across Europe and Asia and the capital Moscow is 9288 kilometers. Trans-siberian railway is the longest railway in the world. It was built in July of 1904 and lasted for 13 years. It crosses the Ural Mountains, extends in the coniferous forests of Siberia, connects Moscow and Vladivostok, and almost spans 1/4 of the earth's circumference.

At the beginning of the last century, cars and planes were not widely used, and the most important function of land transportation was the train. The construction of trans-siberian railway is undoubtedly a milestone. Known as the backbone of Russia and the link of Eurasian civilization, it has a decisive influence on the economic and cultural exchanges between Russia and even Europe and Asia. Connecting trans-siberian railway, Russia, Europe, Siberia and the Far East. Excellent railway facilities, Europe 19. 1%, Asia 80.9%, spanning 8 time zones, 3 regions and 14 provinces.

The design speed of the railway is 80 kilometers per hour, and it takes seven days and seven nights from Moscow to Vladivostok. Trans-siberian railway has shortened the transportation line from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, making it the longest railway in the world at present. No matter from the economic significance or political significance, it can be said to be remarkable. Especially during the Second World War, this railway made outstanding contributions to the Soviet Union's defeat of German and Japanese fascists.

So when we arrived in Vladivostok, we had to visit the 9288 Monument. Vladivostok Port Vladivostok Port is one of the best ports in the world and the only ice-free port in Russia. Surrounded by mountains, the harbor is deep and calm, which is conducive to the berthing and concealment of ships. Muraviev Peninsula starts from Ussuri Bay in the east, reaches Amur Bay in the west, crosses the Russian island and reaches Great Peter Bay in the south. The Golden Horn Bay in the peninsula extends from south to north to Muraviev Island, and then extends at right angles to the east for more than four kilometers. At the southern tip of the Russian island, there is a natural barrier at the entrance of Golden Horn Bay into the sea. Besides, Vladivostok is a foggy port.

From the beginning of April to the end of August every year, the average number of foggy days is over 80 days, including 6 months, 7 months and 8 months, and the foggy days can reach 47 days, especially in June every year, and the foggy days even exceed 15 days. Therefore, special lighthouses and sirens must be installed at the entrances of Ussuri Bay and Amur Bay. Golden Horn Bay is also equipped with special navigation lights and anti-fog alarms.

Jinjiao Bay, with a mouth of about 1.8km and a water depth of 20-30m. The other section in the north-south direction of the bay is Waigang, which is about 2.8 kilometers long, 700 to 800 meters wide and 10 to 20 meters deep. The east-west direction is the inner harbor, which is 4. 1 km long, 650- 1000 m wide and1000 m deep. The port can accommodate 4000 to 4000 berths at the same time. The annual ice age in Jinjiaowan is sustainable 100- 1 10 days. The ice age began in early February of 65438, and Deep Bay will be completely frozen around June of 65438. 1 At the beginning of the year, the frozen area has extended to the Russian island and the western part of the East Prussia Strait, while Jie Bing started in the middle and late March. Generally, the thickness of ice is about 45 cm and can reach 60 cm.

The thickest ice layer is in Jinjiao Bay, averaging 100 cm. Therefore, every winter ice age, there are always three or four icebreakers in operation, breaking the hard ice in the harbor and bay mouth in time to ensure normal navigation in winter. The functional division of Jinjiaowan is very clear. Commercial ports and fishing ports have been built in the west of Jinjiaowan outer port and inner port; The eastern part of the seaport (that is, the east of the wide wharf in the commercial wharf) is a military port, and merchant ships and foreign ships are prohibited from entering.

In commercial ports and fishing ports, there are passenger and freight terminals, warehouses and loading and unloading areas. Opposite the fishing port is a large cold storage and fish processing factory. Divomid Bay in the southeast of the bay is the anchorage of fishing boats. The main dock and berth repair industries are mostly distributed along the coast of Jinjiaowan, with a total length of more than four kilometers. There are Credo Waya Wharf, eger Hitt Wharf, Volunteer Fleet Wharf, Customs Wharf, Commercial Wharf, Timber Wharf, Ussuri Railway Wharf and Semnovsky Wharf, all of which have considerable scale. At the same time, it has more than 10,000-ton ocean-going ships 12. It can be seen that Vladivostok port is not only the largest military port along the Pacific coast of Russia, but also one of the largest commercial ports in the Far East.

Vladivostok is built around the hills and slopes around Golden Horn Bay in a semicircle. It is divided into six administrative regions, namely Lenin District, Wuyi District, Toudaohe District, Erdaohe District, Fulongzhi District and Soviet Area. 1960, Golden Horn Bay and Moore Bay began to build the city center. A few years later, it became the main part of the city, the administrative, commercial center and residential area of the whole city, and the most prosperous Lenin Street was also located here. Because of the terrain, cities are mostly built along hillsides, so the main streets are parallel to Jinjiaowan, and the streets are distributed in a ladder shape from east to west or northwest and southeast. Because of the steep slope of the street, it is very inconvenient for vehicles to drive.