History of traditional Chinese medicine

Chinese medicine came into being in primitive society. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the theory of traditional Chinese medicine has basically taken shape, and branches of anatomy and medicine have emerged, and "four diagnoses" have been adopted. Treatment methods include Bian Shi, acupuncture, decoction, moxibustion, guidance, qi distribution and wishing.

Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "medicine and Taoism are interlinked". After the Tang Dynasty, China's medical theory and works were widely spread to Korea, Japan, Central Asia and West Asia. During the Song Dynasty, the government of the Song Dynasty established Hanlin Medical College, and the medical disciplines were basically complete.

And unified the disorder of acupoints caused by copying in China, and published "Tujing". Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Chinese medicine began to decline. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the school of febrile diseases appeared, which gradually replaced the classic school of traditional Chinese medicine.

Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, written in the late Ming Dynasty, marked the decline of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology. At the same time, both Mongolian medicine and Tibetan medicine are influenced by Chinese medicine. In Korea, oriental medicine has also been greatly developed.

Since the late Qing Dynasty, China has been invaded by western powers, and its national fortune has been weak. At the same time, the influx of modern medicine (western medicine) has seriously impacted the development of Chinese medicine. Many people in China advocate medical modernization, and traditional Chinese medicine has been greatly challenged.

People began to examine it with the thinking mode of western medical system, and traditional Chinese medicine was caught in the dispute of keeping or abolishing. The same is true of Japanese traditional Chinese medicine and Korean medicine, both of which belong to China's medical system. Since SARS in 2003, classical Chinese medicine began to show signs of recovery.

During the Cultural Revolution, Chinese medicine, as a medical paradigm of "making the past serve the present", was supported and developed by the policy of China Producer Party. Modern Chinese medicine is still one of the commonly used methods to treat diseases in China.

Internationally, acupuncture has aroused great interest in the medical field. Acupuncture has been proved to be effective in relieving postoperative pain, pregnancy nausea, nausea, vomiting and toothache caused by chemotherapy, and its side effects are extremely low.

However, for chronic pain, back pain and headache, these data are vague or controversial. The original innovation and revolution of the basic theory of modern Chinese medicine began in the 1990s.

The new philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine includes three philosophies of traditional Chinese medicine: holistic view and dialectical view, and the third newly excavated philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine: similarity view-fractal theory. On 20 18, 10, 1 day, the world health organization listed traditional Chinese medicine in the medical outline with global influence for the first time.

The newly incorporated TCM information will be written into Chapter 26 of the Global Medical Outline (version 1 1), which mainly explains the classification system of traditional medicine and will be implemented in WHO member countries in 2022.

Extended data:

The development of traditional Chinese medicine culture-famous historical doctors;

First, the origin of Chinese medicine

Emperor Yan was the leader of the ancient Jiang tribe in China, and was called Shennong. Yan Di tribe lived in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (now Shaanxi and Henan) and formed an alliance with the Yellow Emperor to defeat Chiyou. Chinese people regard Emperor Yan and Huangdi as the ancestors of China.

"Shennong tasted a hundred herbs a day and encountered seventy poisons" described Shennong's medical practice and exploration spirit, which laid the foundation of China medicine and was later commemorated by people.

China's first medical work was named Shennong Herbal Classic. From this, we come to the conclusion that Chinese medicine originated from primitive society and the Yellow River basin.

Second, the basis of TCM theory

Bian Que (407 BC-3 BC10) was a famous doctor during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. When I was young, I studied medicine in Changsang Army. I tried my best to spread his medical skills and was good at all subjects. Zhao is regarded as gynecology, Zhou as ENT, and pediatrics is famous all over the world.

Bian Que founded the pulse diagnosis method of traditional Chinese medicine, which was the first of its kind in traditional Chinese medicine. He is the author of difficult classics. It created a medical milestone with "seeing, listening and asking" as the diagnosis method, and it has been used ever since.

Third, the soul of TCM clinic

Zhang Zhongjing (about 150- 2 19) was born in Nieyang County, Nanyang, Eastern Han Dynasty (now Zhangzhai Village, Gedong Town, dengzhou city City, Henan Province). A famous doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was honored as a medical sage by later generations.

Zhang Zhongjing extensively collected medical prescriptions and wrote the masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases. The principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment established by it is the basic principle of TCM clinic and the soul of TCM.

Fourth, the reform of traditional Chinese medicine.

Hua Tuo (about A.D. 145-208), a famous physician in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, was born in Peiguoqiao County. When I was young, I studied abroad. I practiced medicine in Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places, studying medical skills without seeking a career.

He has a comprehensive medical skill, especially good at surgery. And proficient in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, acupuncture. ? In his later years, he was suspected by Cao Cao and tortured to death in prison. Huatuo invented the method of treating jaundice with wormwood.

He founded the first set of broadcast gymnastics "Wuqinxi" in China, and invented Mafeisan for clinical anesthesia, which was more than 1600 years earlier than western anesthesia, creating a precedent for surgery in traditional Chinese medicine. It can be said that Hua Tuo initiated an important change in TCM clinic.

Five, the progress of traditional Chinese medicine concept

Sun Simiao (54 1-682), a native of Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province), was a doctor and Taoist in the Tang Dynasty and was honored as the "King of Medicine" by later generations. Sun Simiao attaches great importance to private medical experience, and constantly accumulates the number of visits.

Recorded in time, and finally completed his book "One Thousand Daughters". After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao accepted the invitation of the imperial court and cooperated with the government to carry out medical activities.

In the fourth year of Qingli (659), the world's first national pharmacopoeia, Tang Xin Ben Cao Jing, was completed. He was the first person to propose the establishment of the Ministry of Women and Children (and the first person to advocate the awareness of protecting women and children).

He was the first person to comprehensively expound "medical ethics", the first leprosy expert, the first person to propose compound treatment, the first person to create croton detoxification, the first person to propose that prevention is more important than treatment, and the first person to invent catheterization.

Sixth, the perfection of Chinese medicine.

Li Shizhen (now Doctor Street) was a famous physician in Ming Dynasty. Since 1565, Li Shizhen has collected drug specimens and prescriptions in Huguang, Anhui, Henan and Hebei, and consulted 925 medical books in past dynasties.

Archaeology has proved that many difficult problems have been clarified. After 27 years of cold and summer, 1920000 word masterpiece Compendium of Materia Medica was completed in 1590. This book collected 15 18 kinds of drugs, including 1 195 kinds of plants, and recorded 1 1096 kinds of ancient doctors' and folk prescriptions.

There are more than one drug morphology chart 1 100, which corrects some mistakes of predecessors and supplements the shortcomings. It is by far the most complete and scientific medical work in China.

Baidu encyclopedia-traditional Chinese medicine