How to understand the relationship between mine protection and development? essay question

The relationship between protection and development is sorted out by Jinpeng Mining Machine: China is rich in mineral resources, and the mining output value accounts for an important proportion in the gross national product. Developing in protection and protecting in development is an inevitable choice to realize the coordinated development of mineral resources exploration and development and ecological environment protection. In recent years, the administrative departments of various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have made active efforts and explorations in coordinating the relationship between them and accumulated useful experience.

1. 1 unify thoughts and formulate regional macro-development strategies.

All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) attach great importance to ecological environmental protection, actively practice the concept of ecological civilization construction, take ecological civilization construction as the guidance in establishing systems and formulating policies, and promote the coordinated development of ecological environmental protection and mineral resources development. For example, the Party Committee of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region put forward the policy of "giving priority to environmental protection and establishing ecological zones" and "two sustainability" (sustainable development of resources and sustainable ecological environment); People's governments at all levels are required to formulate and improve economic policies that are conducive to improving the ecological environment in accordance with the principle of "whoever develops and protects, whoever uses and compensates, and whoever destroys and recovers", enforce compulsory protection for key natural resource development zones, establish an ecological environment impact assessment index system, and adhere to the synchronous planning, synchronous implementation and synchronous acceptance of mineral resources exploration and development and ecological environment protection, so as to minimize the damage of mineral resources exploration and development to the ecological environment. The Party Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region put forward the development idea of "8337", which not only ensured the supply of mineral resources, but also built Inner Mongolia into an important ecological security barrier in northern China.

1.2 Strengthen planning guidance and strictly control the examination and approval of mining rights.

Through scientific compilation and strict implementation of mineral resources planning, we will effectively strengthen the management of mineral resources exploration and development, increase the protection of ecological environment in mineral resources exploration and development, and strengthen law enforcement and supervision of mineral resources. Fujian Provincial Department of Land and Resources strictly controls the access to environmental protection, and regulates it from three aspects: strictly controlling the newly established exploration and mining rights, strictly approving the extension of exploration and mining rights, and strictly handling the conversion of exploration and mining rights according to law, and puts forward the requirements of industrial policy, planning, environmental protection, qualification, safety, scale and technology, so as to promote the mining owners to run mines according to law and coordinate the overall coordinated development of mining economy and environmental protection.

1.3 Strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system.

Actively promote the mining environmental impact assessment system. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region requires that environmental impact assessments should be prepared for all kinds of planning, and environmental impact assessment reports or chapters or explanations should be submitted to the planning examination and approval authorities, and tailings pond management and ecological restoration should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of environmental impact assessment examination and approval. Fujian province stipulates that the environmental impact assessment report of mining shall be examined and approved according to the authority. Coal mining and metal mining shall be examined and approved by the provincial and above environmental protection departments, and non-metal mining except ordinary building sand and gravel shall be examined and approved by the municipal environmental protection departments. Without the approval of the environmental protection department, the environmental impact assessment of mining rights shall not be accepted.

1.4 Establish a deposit system for ecological environment restoration and governance.

In order to ensure the restoration and management of mine geological environment, various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have successively issued measures for the management of deposit for the restoration and management of mine ecological environment, and established a long-term mechanism for the supervision and management of mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization. The Department of Land and Resources of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region requires the preparation of mine environmental protection planning and land restoration and management planning.

The deposit system is implemented for mining enterprises, which requires the mine to reach the recovery standard when it is closed, and the deposit can only be refunded after evaluation. In 2004, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region started the preliminary work of deposit management for mine geological environment management, and many documents have been issued in the past ten years. Emphasize "phased governance", clarify the requirements of "phased governance", and straighten out the relationship between installment deposits and phased governance. Strengthen the supervision and management responsibilities of governments at all levels and the responsibility of mining enterprises to manage while mining.

1.5 Promote the construction of harmonious mining areas and green mines.

Fujian province continues to "control chaos", strengthen "control dispersion", focus on "root cause", promote the development and integration of mineral resources, and promote the optimal allocation of resources through industrial integration. Gradually close small coal mines that do not meet the requirements of planning, scale, environmental protection and safety, and optimize the layout of mineral resources exploration and development. At the same time, increase investment in mine management funds for the management of "green hills hanging white" mines in nature reserves, landscape areas, concentrated residential areas, traffic trunk lines and main streams.

20 12 Anhui province deployed "mine greening" action and "three lines and three sides" mine ecological environment management work to solve the geological environment problems of the province's mines. Guide mining enterprises to carry out national-level green mine pilot declaration and construction work in accordance with the green mine construction standards of the Ministry of Land and Resources. The pilot application and organizational construction will drive mining enterprises to formulate scientific mining plans, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, reduce the impact and damage on the geological environment, and promote the coordinated development of mineral resources development and utilization and geological environment protection.

1.6 Delineation of Ecological Function Zones and Nature Reserves

Environmental Protection Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region promulgated Ecological Function Zoning of Xinjiang in 2004. With the promulgation of "National Major Functional Zoning" and "National Ecological Functional Zoning", Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has started the compilation of major functional zoning and corresponding ecological environmental functional zoning in the autonomous region. The newly compiled functional zoning fully embodies and implements the policy of "giving priority to environmental protection, establishing ecological zones" and "two sustainability" in the autonomous region.

There are 185 nature reserves in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Among them, there are 27 national nature reserves and 60 autonomous regional nature reserves. The nature reserve covers an area of 13664400 hectares, of which the national nature reserve covers an area of 4 148200 hectares. 20 13, 13 In June, the State Forestry Administration issued the Notice of the State Forestry Administration on Strictly Controlling the Occupation of Woodland in Key State-owned Forest Areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia (Lin Zifa [2065438+03] No.4), which strictly restricted the exploration and development of mineral resources in key forest areas in Inner Mongolia.

1.7 set up a special resource and environmental protection agency.

Anhui province is a big province with mineral resources, and the mining output value accounts for about one-third of the annual industrial output value. The exploration and development of mineral resources have great influence on the ecological environment. Therefore, during the 20 10 institutional reform, the Anhui Provincial Department of Land and Resources added a "Resource Recovery and Renovation Department" to undertake the supervision and management of mine geological environment protection and governance in the province. At present, this is the only internal organization of the Provincial Department of Land and Resources that mainly undertakes the protection, restoration and governance of mine ecological geological environment in China, which shows that Anhui Province attaches importance to the protection and governance of mine geological environment.

2. The main problems in the coordinated development of mineral resources exploration and development and ecological environment protection

2. 1 mineral resources exploration and development and ecological environment protection lack macro-coordination of planning.

China has a vast territory, superior metallogenic geological conditions and abundant mineral resources, most of which are in designated water conservation areas or ecological protection areas. From the perspective of ecological protection, the planning of the State Council's main functional areas has clear encouragement, restriction and prohibition provisions for all regions in the country, but from the perspective of mineral resources development, there is no corresponding land planning or mineral resources exploration and development planning to match it, and there is a lack of coordination between them. Delineation of main functional areas restricts the exploration and development of mineral resources, affects the promotion of geological prospecting and increases the environmental cost of mineral resources exploration and development.

2.2 There are contradictions between mineral exploration and development and mineral resources planning and planning EIA.

Geological prospecting should follow geological laws. Geological prospecting is a high-benefit and high-risk work, and prospecting according to metallogenic prognosis is uncertain. In the compilation of mineral resources planning, it is impossible to plan possible mineral occurrences in advance and carry out planning environmental assessment. However, after the breakthrough in prospecting, it faces the problem of lack of planning environmental assessment. Moreover, the planning EIA needs to be advanced, and mining enterprises need to modify the mineral resources development plan, which can only be developed after the planning EIA is completed, which has a great impact on the production and benefit of mining enterprises and restricts their development. It is necessary to solve the problem of coordinated development of mineral resources development and ecological environment protection from the perspective of legislation.

2.3 mineral resources development and mine geological environment protection laws and regulations are not perfect.

Mineral resources law is the main legal basis for mineral resources exploration and development. However, since the promulgation of 1986, the law has only been revised in 1996, and some legal provisions can no longer adapt to the current economic and mining situation. The lag of law seriously restricts the exploration and development of mineral resources. Geological prospecting units and mining enterprises encounter great environmental resistance in the production process, lacking the support and protection of relevant laws, which sometimes makes it difficult to advance exploration and development. In terms of mine geological environment protection, although many provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have implemented the deposit system for mine geological environment restoration and management, this system is only a government document, departmental rules and some local regulations, and its legal effect is low. Some effective clauses are difficult to implement because of the lack of the basis of the superior law, which can not fundamentally restrict mining enterprises from fulfilling their obligations and responsibilities of mine geological environment protection and restoration.

2.4 the ability of scientific and technological innovation to promote coordinated development is insufficient

The exploration and development of mineral resources is to ensure the demand of economic and social development for mineral resources and the security of national resources. To reduce and reduce the damage to the ecological environment caused by the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, and to realize protection in exploitation, we can only make full use of resources and protect the environment through scientific and technological innovation, improving exploration and development methods, raising exploration level, reducing environmental damage, and even promoting environmental protection, and strengthening comprehensive utilization of resources and waste recovery. At present, the ability of scientific and technological innovation in the exploration, development and utilization of mineral resources in China is insufficient, which can not effectively play the role of scientific and technological innovation in promoting the coordinated development of mineral resources development and utilization and ecological environment protection.

3. Suggestions on promoting the coordinated development of mineral resources exploration and development and ecological environment protection

3. 1 lead the coordinated development of mineral resources exploration and development and ecological environment protection with the construction of ecological civilization.

To lead the coordinated development of mineral resources exploration and development and ecological environment protection with the construction of ecological civilization, we should establish the concepts of "beautiful scenery is priceless" and "greening". Green development is the overall optimization and realization of ecological civilization construction. Using the theory of green development to solve the problem of coordinated development of mineral resources development and ecological environment protection, green development requires unified deployment and overall arrangement of mineral resources development and ecological environment protection.

The exploration, development and utilization of resources will damage the ecological environment to varying degrees, and strict ecological environment protection will restrict the development and utilization of resources. Social development needs "green mountains and green hills, but also Jinshan Yinshan". Different economic locations should coordinate the contradiction between resource development and environmental protection according to the differences in resource and environmental endowments and economic conditions, and adjust measures to local conditions.

The development of resources should be based on the premise that the regional ecology is not destroyed or can be restored. If the ecological environment protection conditions are not available, it will be developed after the conditions are improved. Guided by the construction of ecological civilization and guided by policies and regulations, the exploration and development of mineral resources and the protection of ecological environment can be effectively coordinated.

3.2 Improve the legal system for the coordinated development of mineral resources exploration and development and ecological environment protection.

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the policy of comprehensively promoting the rule of law. First of all, we should improve and perfect various legal systems. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve and perfect the laws and regulations related to mineral resources exploration and development. On the other hand, the mineral resources law should be connected with the laws and regulations related to mineral resources exploration and development.

Eco-environmental protection involves many functional departments, and all departments implement corresponding laws and regulations. In the process of mineral resources exploration and development, it often conflicts with the laws and regulations of other departments, and must be coordinated from their superior laws and regulations.

3.3 Play the macro-control role of planning

Strengthen the planning and management of mineral resources exploration and development. Based on the classification management system of mineral resources, through field investigation and scientific research, the feasibility of mineral development and environmental protection is scientifically demonstrated, and the spatial layout and timing arrangement of mineral resources development are determined. On the basis of the evaluation of resources and environmental carrying capacity, we should do a good job in land planning, implement planning control combining development with protection, and ensure the coordinated development of resources development and ecological protection from the institutional arrangement.

3.4 Scientific and technological innovation promotes the coordinated development of mineral resources exploration and development and ecological environment protection.

China's mineral resources are low in endowment, low in grade, rich in associated minerals, difficult to beneficiate, smelt and utilize, and mines are generally small and scattered. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen scientific and technological innovation and improve the comprehensive utilization level of mineral resources. According to different minerals, formulate corresponding technical standards and norms to improve the entry threshold. In the mining, smelting, material processing and waste disposal of mineral resources, we should improve the scientific and technological content, improve the technical level of comprehensive utilization and development of mineral resources, develop circular economy, extend the industrial chain of resource development and utilization, reduce resource waste and environmental pollution, and improve the economic, social and environmental benefits of mines.