How to raise horses_How to raise and manage horses

How to raise horses is a question that many people have. Some people have experience raising horses. Let’s take a look at the horse raising methods that I carefully recommend for everyone. I hope it will be helpful to you.

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There is an old saying in China: “Disease enters from the mouth.” Many horse diseases are directly related to breeding. If you carefully observe your horse farm or your horses, you can see how many diseases such as abdominal pain occur every year, and you can see whether you are raising them scientifically.

Some horses gain weight even without feeding, but their whole body hurts when they exercise. Yesterday there was pain in their front legs, and today they have pain in their hind legs, followed by back pain and muscle pain. What is the problem? This is related to feeding management, nutritional balance in the forage, and the amount of exercise. In addition, communication between athletes and breeders is also essential. If the breeder follows a unified feeding method and feeds the horses regularly and quantitatively every day regardless of whether the horses are exercising or resting, the horses will suffer from various discomforts, such as the "fat pain" and other symptoms mentioned above. Feeding and management during competition

Usually before horses compete, special attention should be paid to the feeding method, and feed ingredients and weight should not be changed at will. Pay attention to the feeding method. The feed is usually finished 3-4 hours before the game. The amount of feed should not be too large, otherwise it will cause the digestive tract to be overburdened and prone to disease. Weight gain reduces athletic performance, and an oversized abdomen can also affect movement and flexibility. Therefore, the horse's diet before a competition should be small in size, high in quality and comprehensive in nutrition.

When horses exercise vigorously, they need to replenish energy in time and eat carbohydrate feed that is easy to digest and absorb, such as oats, barley, etc. Supplementing exercising horses with sugar and vitamins together can help reduce fatigue. In addition, salt is also indispensable. Exercise horses sweat a lot and excrete salt through sweat, so you should pay attention to supplementing it. Horses have individual differences, and the diet should be prescribed according to the characteristics of the horse, and cannot be absolutely average. For sports horses, it is necessary to strictly abide by the feeding system and feeding methods. The feeding time and feeding sequence should be strictly fixed and should not be changed at will.

Pay special attention to the fact that horses should be restricted from drinking a large amount of cold water after strenuous exercise, because horses will sweat a lot after exercise, and allowing them to drink a large amount of cold water immediately will cause a variety of discomforts in the horse. The horse should first be given a few sips of water and then allowed to drink enough within 10 minutes. It is best for horses to drink warm water after strenuous exercise. Breeding and management during non-competition periods

Due to the strenuous exercise during the competition, sports horses are highly physiologically stressed, consume a lot of physical strength, and are prone to fatigue. Therefore, careful management and care must be taken after the game. Feed more feed with high protein content and easy to digest, so that the digestibility can be increased by 25-30%.

In addition to consuming nutritious feed every day, horses should also add some juicy and delicious food to supplement horses with multiple vitamins and acids, such as apples, carrots, watermelon, etc. Among them, apples are rich in a variety of vitamins and acids, which help metabolize excess salt in the body and remove metabolic waste in the body in a timely manner. Carrots contain protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus and other nutrients, all of which are very needed and liked by horses. Especially after strenuous exercise, the horse's demand for vitamins increases significantly. If the vitamin is insufficient, the horse's resistance to infectious diseases will be reduced, and the wound will not heal easily. Moreover, horses are prone to fatigue and their joint ability to work is reduced. Horses are prone to sweating when they are deficient in calcium.

At the same time, phosphorus is also essential for nerve and muscle activity.

? Feeding and management during illness

Generally, horses enter a rest period due to various discomforts or diseases, and the amount of exercise will also be greatly reduced, so the feed should be reduced by one-third during the rest period. to one-half. And improve it to roughage feeding, which can prevent horses from gaining weight, accumulating fat and causing "abdominal pain".

Usually, horses should be fed in a planned way during the rest or idle period, and special attention should be paid to the intake of cereal feed. During this period, athletes and breeders should actively communicate and make a feeding plan during the rest period. Reduce cereal feed to one-third to one-half, and use rough feed (such as hay, grass, etc.) to maintain the main vitamins of the horse's digestive system and horse health. If the horse has to stay in the stable for a long time and does not exercise, even for one day, the feed for that day must be reduced from concentrated feed and replaced with rough feed. If the horse's condition improves, concentrate feed should be gradually added. And ensure that the horse has appropriate activities. It should not be kept in captivity for a long time. It should be light activities to help restore physical strength. It is best to move freely and move freely every day. Preferably no less than 2 hours. Daily feeding and management

The muscle work of exercising horses depends on its digestive and metabolic characteristics. The horse's material and energy metabolism and the correct ratio of feed portions are based on the horse's breed, size, age, temperament, condition and work requirements. At the same time, the dietary roughage (such as hay, grass, etc.), concentrated feed (such as grains, protein, fat, etc.) and juicy and delicious feed (such as fresh grass, beets, carrots, apples, etc.) must be balanced according to the needs of the horse. .

Daily feeding should imitate the horse's natural eating method - eat less and eat more frequently. Horses should be provided with sufficient water every day; the amount of feeding should be small each time, but a certain pattern should be maintained; horses should not do strenuous exercise or be transported out immediately after feeding; horses should not be fed spoiled or moldy feed; Keep feed basins and mangers clean and remove leftover food; feed should be stored in a clean place and keep forage dry; deworm horses regularly.

In the process of raising horses, the most suitable content of dietary fiber is 16% of the dry matter of the diet. If it exceeds 16%, the dietary utilization rate will be reduced. The calcium to phosphorus ratio in horse diets should be 1:1 or 1:0.75. Horses need multivitamins and lysine very much. The horse's diet must be comprehensive. Excessive use of high-calorie, high-protein concentrates is not good. Insufficient exercise may easily cause digestive diseases and laminitis. Crude fiber feed is necessary because crude fiber feed can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, improve absorption and excretion functions, thereby excrete some harmful substances and toxins produced during digestion, reduce the retention time in the body, and promote the horse’s Health and delay aging, maintain youth and vitality, improve exercise quality and extend exercise life. Usually, to increase energy for horses, we usually increase grains and reduce roughage. You can also add fat with stable properties, usually around 10-20%. After many years of observation, this is beneficial and harmless. The diets fed to racing horses are mostly carbohydrates and contain relatively little fiber. Breeding and management methods of horses

Stallions

In order to ensure the physical condition of stallions, correct feeding and management methods must be in place. In terms of management, the nutritional needs of stallions must first be ensured. The roughage mainly consists of pasture grazing and the addition of green cut grass. In addition to feeding roughage, some concentrates and minerals with high vitamin content should be supplemented. During the breeding period, eggs, yogurt, carrots and other nutritious feeds should also be added.

Pregnant horses

In addition to meeting the nutritional needs of the mare itself, it is also necessary to ensure the normal development of the fetus and the needs for postpartum lactation. Therefore, the diet of the pregnant mare must be rich in nutrients. Nutrition. Feeds rich in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins should be increased during pregnancy. Carrots, potatoes, etc. can be supplemented to increase vitamin intake and prevent miscarriage. Feeding and management during the last 1-2 months of pregnancy are very important to increase milk production, and feeding should be strengthened. However, the feed should be appropriately reduced 2-3 weeks before delivery, and feed with good texture and easy digestion should be given.

Foal

After a foal is born, its ability to adapt to the outside world is relatively poor, and its development is closely related to the production performance of the adult horse in the future, so attention must be paid to the feeding and management of the young foal. , the entire foaling period is 6 months, and within 3 days after the foal is born, the foal can be allowed to do outdoor sports with the mother. In 10-15 days, the foal starts to eat grass on its own, and starts feeding in one month. Mix flattened barley and corn with water, feed in small amounts many times, and then gradually increase the amount.

Breeding horse

When the foal reaches the age of 6 months, it can be weaned and enter the breeding group. The breeding stage lasts from 6 to 30 months. This stage is the period of comprehensive growth and development of the young foal. Musculoskeletal growth hormone should be supplemented and nutrition should be strengthened. Feeding and management techniques for young horses

After a young horse is born, its ability to adapt to the outside world is relatively poor, and its development is closely related to the production performance of the adult horse in the future. Therefore, attention must be paid to the feeding and management of young foals. The entire foaling period is 6 months.

Within 3 days after the foal is born, if the weather is good, the foal can be allowed to do outdoor sports with the mare.

When the foal is 10 to 15 days old, it begins to eat grass on its own, and it begins to feed after one month. Prepare easily digestible bran and flattened barley, oats, etc., add appropriate amount of bean cake, add water, soak and mix well when feeding. Start with 50 grams per day, feed in two portions, and then gradually increase the number of feedings to three times per day. .

? Precautions for horseback riding

1. Precautions for horseback riding

If it is your first time to ride a horse, it is recommended that you find a horseman to lead the horse. The horseman can protect you. Your safety.

Do not make violent movements when approaching a horse. Violent movements may frighten the horse.

Before mounting the horse, be sure to check whether the girth has been tightened, check the firmness of the reins, girth, and pedals, and adjust the length of the pedals.

When mounting, mount from the front left side of the horse. Do not approach the horse from behind, and do not stand behind the horse to prevent being kicked by the horse. Regardless of whether someone is holding the horse or not, you must hold on tight. The reins can control the horse in time.

When petting a horse, if you see the horse’s ears back and pressed against its neck, it means that the horse may be aggressive. At this time, you should keep your distance from the horse in time. In addition, do not feed the horse casually to prevent the horse from biting. Hurtful.

2. Safety issues of horseback riding

Do not do strenuous exercise on horseback, and do not take off or change clothes on horseback, especially brightly colored clothes, as this will frighten the horse.

Don’t run when riding down the mountain. It is easy for the horse to lose its front hoof. When the horse loses its front hoof, you should hold the reins in time and tilt your center of gravity back.

After riding a horse for a period of time, the girdle will become loose and needs to be rechecked.