How to prevent runway incursion incident at civil aviation airport?

In radio calls, controllers are required to use standard radio call language procedures in strict accordance with regulations, which is the source of eliminating all ambiguous calls. For example, if it is refined into a specific call language program, the controller needs to abide by:

1) In all radio calls involving runway operation, the complete call sign of the aircraft or vehicle must be used.

2) Strictly implement the relevant regulations on radio call repetition, and listen carefully and confirm whether the repetition of pilots or other vehicle drivers is correct.

3) When issuing control instructions, try to be concise, clear and definite.

Air traffic control operation

In terms of control operation, in order to reduce the risk of airport runway incursion from all aspects, tower controllers should try their best to do the following:

1) When issuing the control permission for crossing the runway to the pilot or other vehicle drivers, the controller shall clearly indicate the number of the runway, taxiway or connecting lane, and the language shall be concise and clear; If it is necessary to issue a control instruction for waiting outside the runway, the instruction should clearly include the runway number and the location of the waiting point.

2) Formulate and use standard taxi routes to avoid confusion between pilots and vehicle drivers as much as possible; When issuing taxi instructions to pilots or other vehicle drivers, if the taxi route is too complicated, we can consider using segmented taxi instructions to indicate each waiting point. In addition, the step-by-step taxi instruction must not contain any hint that it is possible to cross the runway.

3) Do not use any licenses and instructions with additional conditions, and conduct control and command in strict accordance with relevant regulations.

4) The tower controller should closely monitor the running situation of the runway, continuously and effectively observe the running environment, concentrate on the control, and try not to be disturbed by the outside world, so as not to forget the running state of the aircraft or the control instructions that have been issued.