Knowledge about how primary school students can prevent diseases

1. In addition to studying, we should participate in more physical exercises, such as rope skipping, jumping steps, playing ball, etc. Only when our bodies are strong can diseases not take advantage of us.

2. Our classrooms and homes should often open windows for ventilation to keep the air fresh and circulating.

3. Try to avoid going to crowded and crowded public places, especially those with poor ventilation.

4. We must pay attention to personal hygiene, wash hands frequently, and cut nails frequently.

5. Pay attention to adding or removing clothes according to climate changes to avoid catching cold.

6. Don’t have a partial eclipse. Eat more vegetables, fruits, and drink more water.

7. Daily necessities at home, as well as clothes and quilts (wash and dry them frequently when the weather is good)

8. Be sure to get enough sleep and not be too tired. , our resistance is easily reduced due to fatigue.

9. We must vaccinate on time for various vaccinations arranged by health and epidemic prevention. Because many vaccinations are targeted at specific seasons and specific diseases, the health and epidemic prevention departments have made careful arrangements, such as MMR vaccine, meningitis vaccine, influenza vaccine, etc. After vaccination, it can still play a certain preventive role.

In addition, for children with allergies, because there are many allergens in nature: such as pollen, worms, animal feathers, and cold air, special attention should be paid: If you are allergic to pollen, , during the pollen spreading period, outdoor activities should be reduced, especially in parks and flower houses, cats, dogs and other small animals should not be kept at home, carpets should not be used, and masks should be worn when going out.

I think if everyone can do the above points, they will definitely have a strong body. 6 common diseases among primary and secondary school students can be prevented early. Myopia is like an occupational disease among students. According to statistics, the prevalence of myopia among primary school students is 30% to 40%, that among junior high school students is 40% to 50%, and that among high school students is over 60%. Once myopia occurs, it will cause certain obstacles to study and work. Therefore, taking good care of your eyes and using your eyes correctly are the best ways to prevent myopia.

The following are eye protection prescriptions prescribed by experts:

1. Don’t overstrain your eyes. 2. Use your eyes at close range and require intermittent rest. 3. The lighting brightness should be moderate. 4. Adequate nutrition. The eyes are very busy cellular tissues that require a lot of nutrients and energy. 5. Get enough sleep. 6. Watch TV cleverly. Watching TV is actually a lot of work for your eyes, but there are some tips that can help you protect your eyes. First, the TV viewing distance is at least 1 meter away, and more than 1 and a half meters is best.

The contrast between the TV and indoor light should not be too great, especially at night when you do not turn off all the lights to watch TV. In addition, the brightness of the TV should not be adjusted too bright. It is best to take a break for a few minutes after watching TV for half an hour. 7. Check your eyesight regularly. If there is a downward trend in vision, it is necessary to start looking for the cause of the decline, and you can also take some auxiliary treatments, such as acupuncture, massage, eye drops, etc. If your visual acuity has dropped to 1.0 or below, you need to go to an ophthalmologist for a dilated eye exam. If the visual acuity improves after mydriasis and the refraction test shows emmetropia or mild myopia, it is pseudomyopia. At this time, pay attention to protecting your eyes, and your vision may return to normal. However, most vision loss is true myopia, so you should go to a regular hospital for an optometry and wear glasses as soon as possible.

Caries and small tooth decay cannot be ignored

The most common oral disease among students is dental caries, also known as tooth decay. In fact, there are no bugs in decayed teeth, but because the food residue is not brushed and rinsed in time after chewing food, the food residue ferments and produces acid under the action of bacteria, which erodes the teeth, decalcifies and softens them, and then slowly forms cavities, that is, Caries. According to statistics, the prevalence of dental caries in children's deciduous teeth in my country is 80% to 90%, and the prevalence in permanent teeth is 40%.

According to Dr. Han Yongcheng, director of the Beijing Dental Disease Prevention and Control Office, there are three main ways to prevent dental caries: 1. Use fluoride toothpaste. The fluoride content in domestic water in Beijing is low, so choosing fluoride toothpaste is a good supplement. This toothpaste makes teeth stronger, resists acid, inhibits bacteria, and increases the ability of teeth to remineralize.

Scientific proof shows that long-term use of fluoride toothpaste has no adverse effects on the body and is a safe method of protecting teeth. 2. Pit and fissure sealing method. This is actually the best way to prevent tooth decay.

Everyone's back teeth (molars) always have some grooves of varying depths on the biting surface, which are pits and fissures. Pit and fissure sealing is to fill the areas prone to dental caries with polymer resin in advance to isolate external cariogenic factors. Pit and fissure sealing is most effective when performed within a year of the child's new molars erupting. Dr. Han suggested that parents take their children to the preventive department of the dental hospital for pit and fissure sealing. 3. Early filling. After discovering shallow caries, you should go to the hospital for filling treatment as soon as possible.

Another problem that affects students’ oral health is the misalignment of teeth. This is mainly related to genetics, diet and bad living habits. The best age for orthodontic treatment is between 12 and 14 years old. Because the deciduous teeth have been replaced by permanent teeth at this time.

The age of obesity is getting younger and younger

Obesity is a kind of overnutrition and malnutrition caused by unbalanced diet and excessive caloric intake. Its dangers are well known. According to surveys, 42% to 80% of children who are obese during adolescence will develop into adult obesity, so obesity prevention should start from children.

According to Dr. Duan Jiali from the School Health Department of the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence of obesity among children in urban areas of Beijing exceeded 15% in 1999, and is still on the rise.

The main cause of this situation is eating too much (especially fried foods and sugary foods). Excess heat energy is converted into fat and accumulated in the body. In addition, insufficient exercise reduces energy consumption, which will lead to obesity. Another important reason is genetic factors. Research shows that if both parents are obese, 70% to 80% of their children will become obese.

To prevent obesity, we must first pay attention to the reasonable arrangement of children's dietary structure. For example, the energy and nutrient intake of breakfast, lunch and dinner should be matched in the ratio of 30% to 40% to 30%. The daily intake of salt per person should be The amount should not exceed 10g, the fat should not exceed 5g, etc. Second, children and adolescents should exercise for no less than one hour per day. Third, develop good eating habits of chewing slowly, not being picky about food, not being picky about food, and not overeating. Fourth, schools and parents should actively cooperate with the health department and conduct regular student health monitoring. Particular attention should be paid to observation during the peak period of obesity (within 1 year old and between 7 and 9 years old). Rapid weight gain and strong appetite are danger signs of obesity. By regularly measuring height and weight, obese children can be detected early and preventive and treatment measures can be taken promptly. For children with obesity tendencies or family genetic history, exercise prescription should be implemented as soon as possible under the guidance of a doctor.

Trachoma Maintaining hygiene is key

Trachoma is a common chronic infectious eye disease in children and adolescents. Trachoma is just a figurative name. In fact, trachoma is a disease of the palpebral conjunctiva that is rough and uneven and looks like grains of sand. According to statistics, there are 120 million trachoma patients in the country, and the prevalence of trachoma among primary and secondary school students has reached 21.2%. Trachoma is an important cause of blindness, so prevention is particularly important.

The prevention of trachoma includes the following points:

Trachoma is commonly known as dirty hand disease. If your hands have been exposed to pathogens and you rub your eyes with your hands, the pathogens will breed and multiply in the conjunctiva. Therefore, do not develop the bad habit of rubbing your eyes with your hands. If you really feel itchy, you can wipe it with a clean tissue or handkerchief.

Wash your hands frequently. You should wash it for a while after applying soap, and pay attention to cleaning between your fingers and nails.

If someone in your family has trachoma, they should avoid going to public places. You can use 0.5% rifampin or tetracycline eye ointment at home, one tube per person, for 3 to 6 months. Wash with running water whenever possible. It is best to keep towels and washbasins separately, and they should be boiled and disinfected frequently and dried in the sun.

The incidence of anemia is rising

Children's iron deficiency anemia caused by iron deficiency has been on the rise in recent years. According to statistics, about 30% of children nationwide suffer from anemia, mainly mild anemia.

Iron deficiency can reduce the activity of many iron-containing enzymes and iron-dependent enzymes in the body, affecting various metabolic processes, thereby damaging the functions of the nerve, digestive, muscle and immune systems, and affecting the intellectual development of children. Causing children to lose concentration.

Iron deficiency anemia is related to age. The younger the age, the higher the prevalence. During adolescence, due to the accelerated growth and development of children and the onset of menstruation in girls, the onset of iron deficiency anemia peaks between the ages of 11 and 13.

Poor eating habits and unreasonable dietary structure are important causes of anemia.

Since plant-based iron intake accounts for 70% to 90% in our country’s diet, and the human body’s absorption of plant-based iron is extremely low. At the same time, lack of vitamin C will also affect the absorption of plant-based iron. Therefore, eat more blood red that is rich in blood and is easily absorbed by the human body. Iron-free foods, such as meat, animal liver, poultry and eggs, fungus, kelp, sesame and other foods, can fully supplement iron. In addition, you should eat more fruits and raw vegetables to increase the body's vitamin C content to promote the absorption of iron in the diet. In addition, consuming iron-fortified foods can also improve the iron nutritional status of children and adolescents.

Ascariasis prevention starts with washing hands

Ascariasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease among primary and secondary school students. Roundworm infection is mainly caused by ingestion of infective eggs. In daily life, it is used to come into contact with the ground or soil contaminated by insect eggs, so that the eggs attach to the hands or between the fingernails and enter the human body through the mouth. Unhygienic habits such as not cutting your nails, not washing your hands before and after eating, eating unwashed fruits and vegetables, and putting your hands in your mouth are the main causes of roundworms.

Most roundworm infections have no obvious symptoms and are usually limited to mild indigestion, such as loss of appetite, thinness, easily irritated, restless night sleep, teeth grinding, night terrors, etc. A few children have mild abdominal pain.

The prevention and control of roundworms should focus on prevention, mainly cultivating good personal hygiene behaviors, such as washing hands carefully before meals and after using the toilet. Even if you are infected with roundworms, you can still choose safe, broad-spectrum, efficient, and convenient anthelmintic drugs, such as albendazole, mebendazole (mebendazole) and compound mebendazole (compound mebendazole).