"Purple Sword Nanzi" Incident

The drama "Zi Jian Nan Zi" is a one-act historical drama created by Lin Yutang based on the article "Zi Jian Nan Zi" published in the Analects of Confucius Yong Ye monthly 1928 and 10. Nanzi was the favorite of Duke Wei in the late Spring and Autumn Period. She is charming and showy, but she has a bad reputation. Confucius lobbied Wei Linggong to defend the country, visited Nanzi and traveled with Nanzi in the same car. Lutz is not satisfied with this. The original text of the Analects of Confucius is: "The son sees Nanzi without saying anything (Yue). The master pointed out: "If you refuse, God will hate you!" " I hate it! "It means that Confucius visited Nanzi, and Lutz was very unhappy. Confucius swears by heaven: if I do anything improper, God will blame me! God blames me!

Lin Yutang compiled this play with anti-feudal intentions, but he was not combative. After accepting Ma Zongjun's suggestion and getting the approval of the school headed by Song Huanwu, the Students' Union of the Second Division studied the play repeatedly in the rehearsal. In view of the feudal forces of Confucius, the play has been revised, and the content against Confucius has been added, which makes it both combative against the old ethical code and comic in satirizing Confucius' behavior.

On June 8th, 1929 "Purple Sword Nanzi" was officially performed in the Auditorium of the Second Division. In order to strengthen the performance effect and attack the feudal stubborn forces of Confucius, full publicity and preparation were made before the performance. He not only posted posters everywhere in the streets of Qufu, but also specially sent tickets to the landlords of Confucius, Yanfu and Confucius, inviting them to visit and guide. In order to express vivid characters, he also borrowed costumes, utensils and other props from Confucius. People were curious, and the invited Confucius family and saints didn't know the details, so they all went to watch it happily on time. Before the performance, Wang Zongpei, President of the Student Union, gave an opening speech and gave a performance. When Confucius visited Nanzi, Nanzi gave him a gift, Bai Bi. Confucius accepted the gift and kowtowed to Nanzi. He was moved by Nanzi's exquisite beauty, and Luz couldn't help getting angry. When Confucius wanted to mock, he swore to Lutz that he had no evil thoughts and was a gentleman. The common people rejoiced, but the Confucius "sage" present could not sit still.

Kong Fanpu, the president of Confucianism, Kong Chuanqi, a clan relative of Confucius, and Kong Jilun, a deacon of Confucius House, etc. After some conspiracy planning, they rallied the feudal remnants and, in the name of "sixty relatives of Confucius' family", appealed to the president of the Second Division of Qufu and the student union for "insulting the ancestor of Confucius", which was forwarded to Chiang Kai-shek through Kong Xiangxi, Minister of Industry and Commerce of the National Government. Even accused the progressive students of the second division of going to the Qufu county government. On the day of the premiere of History as a Mirror (June, 2008), former Japanese Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi came to China to attend the funeral ceremony of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and visited Qufu accompanied by Zhang Ji, member of the Central Supervision Commission of the Kuomintang and president of the District Court of the National Government. Inukai Tsuyoshi and others were warmly received by the Confucius House, "They all went in and out in a big sedan chair", "Each sedan chair cost 26 yuan, and more than ten colors of antique jade were presented" (high: Mr. Qufu Second Division, contained in Jining Literature and History Data,No. 1 series), and they were also invited to give lectures in Qufu Second Division.

After receiving the complaint, Chiang Kai-shek personally ordered the "strict investigation" of the teachers and students of the Second Division (the same letter), and the Ministry of Education issued the "No.855 instruction" on June 26, ordering the Shandong Provincial Department of Education to "find out, verify and report". At that time, the Minister of Education of the National Government was Jiang Menglin of Cai Yuanpei Department. Cai Yuanpei, a democratic progressive, was then a member of the Executive Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, a member of the National Government and the president of the Supervisory Institute. He and Jiang Menglin both opposed the feudal forces of Confucius, and both of them had made anti-Confucius remarks and measures. At this time, they are more sympathetic to the progress of teachers and students in Qufu No.2 Normal School. Jiang Menglin couldn't come forward in person, so he sent Zhu Baoqin, a counselor who can reflect his mind, to Shandong to deal with the case with He Siyuan, director of the Education Department of Shandong Province.

He Siyuan also had democratic thoughts, and was dissatisfied with Confucius' feudal forces for a long time, expressing sympathy for the progress of teachers and students. In addition, he has the friendship of teachers and students with Cai Yuanpei, and is a fellow countryman in Cao Zhou with Song Huanwu, the president of Qufu No.2 Division, and also a classmate of Jinan No.6 Middle School and Peking University, with progressive thoughts. Song Huanwu was personally appointed as the principal of the second division, and his relationship was unusual, so he adopted the strategy of delaying and boycotting the case. He Siyuan's attitude aroused the dissatisfaction of Kong Xiangxi and Zhang Ji, who impeached He Siyuan at the KMT Central Standing Committee. Under the pressure of Kuomintang officials, He Siyuan had to show some performance. However, like Jiang Menglin, Minister of Education, he didn't come forward personally, but sent Zhang Yuguang, inspector of Shandong Education Department, to Qufu to investigate with Zhu Baoqin on his behalf.

Zhang Yuguang is also a progressive young man. At that time, he was 34 years old and was from Jinan. When he was young, he studied under party member Lu Fumin, an early Shandong native, whose ideological character was deeply influenced. When I was a middle school student, I was one of the leaders of the student union. I took an active part in the May 4th anti-imperialist movement. At the age of 20, I was admitted to Beijing Normal University and took an active part in the revolutionary struggle. In 1926, I participated in the "March 18th" patriotic movement led by Li Dazhao, and led my classmates to attack Duan's administrative government. At the height of the Sino-American Cooperation Revolution, he joined the Kuomintang and the army. He went to Guangzhou to join the National Revolutionary Army and joined the Northern Expedition with the army. He returned to Jinan on 1928. Because Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution, in Jinan, he saw the Kuomintang reactionaries frantically suppressing the revolution, searching for and killing producers and revolutionaries. In particular, he saw Zhang Weicun, director of the Party Department of Shandong Province of the Kuomintang and an official of the CC Department of the Kuomintang spy, bullying, which made him see the counter-revolutionary nature of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang, so he angrily withdrew from the Kuomintang troops and retired to the education sector. When the "Zi Jian Nan Zi" case happened, he served as the inspector of Shandong Education Department, and was highly valued by He Siyuan because of his ideological progress. Therefore, he was assigned to Qufu to investigate the case of Zi Jiannanzi with Zhu Baoqin, counselor of the Ministry of Education.

Zhu and Zhang have the same thoughts, which can not only represent the will of the Minister of Education and the Director of Education in Shandong Province, but also be dominated by their own progressive thoughts. They consciously or unconsciously have deep sympathy and even praise for the progress of teachers and students in Qufu No.2 Normal School. As soon as they arrived in Qufu, the "saints" of Confucius' House tried their best to win them over and respectfully invited them to live in Confucius' House. , but they all declined. During the inspection, they only went to the second division school, not to Confucius; The entanglement of Confucius' "saints" is empty; Resolutely stand on the side of progressive teachers and students, try to excuse them and protect the progressive forces. After the investigation, the investigation report they submitted to the Ministry of Education concluded that Confucius' accusation was "groundless" and that "the vocational teachers and students in this school did not seem to intentionally insult Confucius" (Lu Xun: The Case of Zi Jiannanzi in Volume 8 of the Complete Works of Lu Xun by People's Literature Publishing House). In the course of the report, the two men explained the reasons why Confucius slandered the progressive teachers and students one by one, and pointed out that Confucius was furious because no one in Qufu dared to "unexpectedly worship Confucius" for thousands of years. Once it is incorporated into the drama, imitating the volume (the same book) is shocking and angry. Accordingly, the Ministry of Education issued "Instruction No.952" on July 19, ordering the Shandong Provincial Department of Education to say that the teachers and students of the Second Division "did not insult Confucius, so they were excused" (the same book). So I declare that Song has nothing to do with me.

Naturally, the feudal forces in Confucius House refused to accept the results of the investigation and appealed again. Even two investigators, Zhu and Zhang, were accused of "favoring one side" and "investigating the truth" and were "assimilated" by the teachers and students of the Second Division, and they followed suit and echoed. He said, "After Zhu Shen's departure, Song Huanwu became more changeable. When talking to people, he will say revenge, widely print national defense, publicize along the street, recruit students again, and urge the electrification of the whole country ... like a madman, it is unstoppable. " I lamented: "Born today, I happened to be the Confucius family, and I happened to be next door to No.2 Normal University. I am full of slogans and familiar with slogans. I was overthrown today and eradicated tomorrow ... Unfortunately, I was biased by counselor Zhu. " (High: "Zhang Yuguang in the Second Division of Qufu", containing Jining literature and history materialsNo. 1 issue)

The upper reactionary forces of the Kuomintang were also greatly dissatisfied with the results of this investigation and seized the case. Accompanied by Kong Xiangxi, Chiang Kai-shek called He Siyuan to the railway station and scolded him face to face, asking him to "strictly investigate" the teachers and students of the second division of Qufu.

In the face of Chiang Kai-shek's reprimand, He Siyuan was in a dilemma. In order to find a way out, he had to turn to his university teacher, Cai Yuanpei, then member of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee and president of the National Government Supervision College, and Jiang Menglin, Minister of Education. Cai Yuanpei put forward the idea of abolishing the system of offering sacrifices to Confucius and confiscating Confucius' property very early. Like Jiang Menglin, he has been paying close attention to the case of Zijian Nanzi, and privately he is pleased with the measures taken by Qufu Second Division to improve teachers and students. In mid-July, He Siyuan invited Minister Jiang and Ma Yinchu to Qingdao to discuss with Chiang Kai-shek. When Cai and Jiang passed by Jinan, they "informally told him that the rehearsal of the new play did not mean to insult Confucius, and Confucius should not make a mountain out of a molehill". (News, 1929 July 16) After careful consideration, Cai Yuanpei made a formal statement to He Siyuan: "The reactionary forces are hard to destroy, and they may be encountered everywhere. You should make up your mind to resist and never give in. " (Leng Quanqing,: "In memory of the old headmaster Cai Yuanpei-an interview with Professor Yang Hui, Professor and Mr. He Siyuan", published in Guangming Daily on March 5 1980) He Siyuan was supported by two big bosses, Cai and Jiang, and continued to fight.

Faced with the arrogance of the feudal forces of Confucianism, the progressive teachers and students of Qufu Second Division fought back resolutely. When Zhang Jitong threatened to speak with Inukai Tsuyoshi at school, the progressive teachers and students shouted slogans such as "Down with Japanese imperialism", "Down with Inukai Tsuyoshi" and "Down with Zhang Ji, a member of Xishan Conference", and were finally driven out. After Confucius sued the Nanjing government, on July 8th, Song Huanwu, the president of the Second Division, publicly published the Reply, exposing the truth of the "Zi Jian Nan Zi" incident to the whole country, exposing Confucius' long-term persecution of the people of Qufu and his dirty dealings in collusion with Japanese imperialist Inukai Tsuyoshi and Kuomintang rightist Zhang Ji, refuting Confucius' slander on the teachers and students of the Second Division, and pointedly pointing out: "There are 60 Confucius families", and Kong's so-called accusation ". "Even if the accusation is true, it is not beyond the scope of speech and thought, so it can be discussed openly", "It is a phenomenon that the Ministry of Education sends counselors to investigate and deal with it" (Lu Xun: Zi Jian Nan Zi Lun). In mid-July, students from Qufu Second Division also electrified the whole country, saying that "evil feudal forces will never bow their heads and surrender" and called on students from all walks of life to give support. The Qufu county government accepted Kong's accusation. When hearing the case of Zijian Nanzi, the Second Division sent six or seven pupils to appear in court under false names. The plaintiffs are all representatives of the family of Confucius: Kong Fanpu, the president of Confucius, Kong Chuanqi, the clan member of Confucius, and Kong Jilun, the deacon of Confucius Temple. They are numerous and aggressive. As a result, several children around the age of 10 were tongue-tied in the debate, and they fell into chaos-if they were not straight, they would lose, and their faces would be lost in court. However, after losing the lawsuit, they were still unwilling. They assembled the armed forces of Federal-Mogul in an attempt to bloodbath the Second Division. However, the teachers and students of the second division were not afraid, and they organized themselves to prepare for it. The Kuomintang Party Department in Qufu County was afraid that the situation was out of control and could not explain to its superiors. It urgently warned Confucius to think calmly and immediately stop armed actions, otherwise problems would arise and all the consequences would be borne by Confucius. In this case, Confucius did not dare to act rashly at all.