Geological environment investigation in important economic zones

Important economic zones are regional economic units formed with cities or urban agglomerations as the core, which are constantly developing and changing with the passage of time. The earliest geological environment survey in important economic zones can be traced back to the hydrogeologic survey of urban water supply in 1950s.

In 1950s, with the expansion of the old city and the appearance of the new city in China, the demand for urban water supply promoted the rapid development of urban hydrogeology survey. In the mid-1950s, the then Ministry of Geology organized forces to investigate the hydrogeology of water supply in Xi, Baotou, Beijing and Zhanjiang. From the late 1950s to the early 1960s, hydrogeologic surveys were carried out in more than 40 cities such as Taiyuan, Jinan and Shenyang, and groundwater observation stations were established in cities such as Xi and Baotou, and long-term groundwater observation was carried out [8]. 1960 The Ministry of Geology issued the Interim Specification for Hydrogeological Investigation of Urban Water Supply. Since 1962, Shanghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources has carried out a lot of exploration and research work in urban areas, systematically investigated the land subsidence, and adopted artificial recharge measures, which played an important role in stabilizing the land subsidence [9].

In the early 1970s, at the initiative of Minister Li Siguang, geothermal geological surveys were widely carried out in various places. Underground hot water resources have been discovered in Beijing, Tianjin, Xi, Kunming, Nanchang and Fuzhou. During the period of 1973, the Ministry of Geology held an exchange meeting on urban water supply and groundwater resources protection in Tianjin, and discussed and summarized the hydrogeological investigation of urban water supply. At the end of 1970s, some important cities carried out environmental hydrogeology research. Investigation and detection of groundwater pollution were carried out in more than 40 cities, and environmental quality assessment was carried out in Beijing, Shenyang, Changchun, Wuhan and other cities [10]. 65438-0977 The State Geological Administration held an exchange meeting on environmental hydrogeology experience in Changchun. Combined with the development of coastal resources, coastal provinces have carried out hydrogeological engineering geological surveys in coastal areas.

In the 1980s, the Ministry of Geology adjusted and strengthened the work of hydraulic environmental geology, and the focus of the work shifted to the national key construction areas, and groundwater resources were evaluated or hydraulic environmental geology was comprehensively evaluated according to natural units [1 1]. In more than 60 cities, such as Qingdao, Tianjin, Harbin, Changchun and Zhengzhou, the general survey and supplementary exploration of water supply sources were carried out, and a number of exploitable underground water sources were evaluated. 1984, the central government announced that 14 coastal cities were open to the outside world. The Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources decided to "focus on the investigation of key construction projects and the comprehensive evaluation of hydrogeology and engineering geology in coastal open cities and special economic zones" and expand the service field of geological work from point to area [12]. A regional geological survey of1∶ 50,000 was carried out in more than 30 cities such as Shenzhen, Xiamen and Ningbo, which broke the situation that the regional geological survey was concentrated in the metallogenic prospect area. Four special economic zones and economic and technological development zones in more than 30 cities, including Qinhuangdao, Ningbo and Zhanjiang, carried out 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 50,000 engineering geological survey and comprehensive evaluation of environmental geological quality, which provided scientific decision-making basis for the planning, construction and management of these cities. Shenzhen, Shantou and other cities have carried out regional stability evaluation or seismic intensity zoning, Shanghai, Ningbo, Nantong and other cities have carried out land subsidence research, Tianjin, Fuzhou, Xiamen and other cities have carried out geothermal and mineral water investigation and exploration, and Xiamen, Dalian, Qingdao and other cities have carried out landscape geological resources investigation. At the same time, according to the needs of land development planning and economic zone development, a comprehensive survey of hydrogeology and engineering geology in comprehensive land development zones, river basins and economic development zones was carried out. The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Minnan Triangle, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan, Chaoshan Plain and other economic development zones or urban dense areas, as well as Dalian, Ningbo, Zhuhai and other cities have carried out comprehensive evaluation of hydrogeology and engineering geology, compiled environmental geological maps, and identified the main environmental geological problems faced. Put forward the comprehensive evaluation or demonstration results of hydrology, engineering and environmental geology for the key areas of comprehensive land development, such as Shanxi-centered energy base, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area and so on 19 [13].

/kloc-in the 1990s, the work of hydraulic environmental geology with emphasis on key urban areas continued to advance. The research on land subsidence in Shanghai, Tianjin, Xi, Suzhou and other cities has made different progress. Based on the analysis of Quaternary geological structure, structure, groundwater system and engineering geological characteristics in Shanghai, a coupling model of quasi-three-dimensional water flow and one-dimensional subsidence is established, and the research on land subsidence moves from qualitative to quantitative. In Tianjin, the horizontal and vertical movement of Quaternary groundwater above 550 meters depth is simulated by using the coupling model of quasi-three-dimensional water flow and one-dimensional stratum density [14]. 1990, the Environment Department of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources edited the report "Evaluation of Water Resources and Geological Environment in Major Coastal Cities", and evaluated the water resources and geological environment in Dandong, Shanghai and Qingdao, which was the first comprehensive demonstration of urban geological environment and geological resources and environment in China [15]. 199 1 ~ 1996 carried out special environmental geological research in Pudong and Xiamen, Shanghai, and demonstrated major environmental geological problems such as the distribution of seismic zones, regional crustal stability, land subsidence and land collapse in coastal cities [16].

With the establishment of 1999 China Geological Survey, the geological environment survey in important economic zones has entered a new stage of development. The central government's investment in geological environment investigation in important economic zones has been increasing, from 29 million yuan in199 to 654.38+78 million yuan in 20 13, an increase of 6. 1 times (Figure 7–16). Since 1999, the geological survey of groundwater resources and environment in the capital area has been carried out, and the geological and hydrogeological conditions in the capital area have been found out through the regional geological survey and hydrogeological survey of1∶ 50,000. The investigation and evaluation of geological ecological environment in the Bohai Rim and the southeast coastal economic belt were carried out, and the geological survey of key areas1:50,000 and the environmental geological survey1:250,000 were completed, which improved the level of regional geological environmental survey in the economic belt. The environmental geological survey in the Yangtze River Delta was carried out, which promoted the rational development of groundwater and the prevention and control of land subsidence. From 2000 to 2002, the pilot work of eco-environmental geochemical survey was carried out in the plain areas such as Pearl River Delta, Jianghan Plain, Chengdu Plain, Yangtze River Delta and Poyang Lake, which provided important geological and environmental data for the State Council and relevant provincial governments [17]. From 2003 to 2008, the Ministry of Land and Resources, in cooperation with China Geological Survey and local governments, completed three-dimensional geological surveys in six megacities, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Guangzhou, systematically established three-dimensional underground geological structures, comprehensively evaluated the urban geological environment capacity and the suitability of underground space development and utilization, realized the cluster management of multi-source, massive and heterogeneous geological data, and established a three-dimensional visual urban geological information management and service system for urban planning. From 2004 to 2009, China Geological Survey organized a large-scale environmental geological survey in 287 cities above prefecture level and 19 county-level cities (306 cities in total), and found out the geological environmental problems and hazards of major urban agglomerations and cities, laying a foundation for promoting the comprehensive geological environmental survey of important economic zones.

With a number of important economic zones rising to the national strategic level, the geological environment investigation of important economic zones has entered the fast lane. On the basis of the first environmental geological survey around Bohai Bay, the geological environment survey of the Yangtze River Delta, the west side of the Straits, the Pearl River Delta, the Beibu Gulf and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (including Wuhan City Circle, Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, Changjiu Industrial Corridor, etc.) will be carried out in an all-round way. ) was launched in 2008. In 20 10, a comprehensive survey of geological environment was launched in Zhongyuan urban agglomeration, Guanzhong basin urban agglomeration and Chongqing metropolitan economic zone. 20 1 1 A comprehensive survey of geological environment in Changjitu Economic Zone was launched. On 20 12, a comprehensive survey of geological environment of Zhongyuan-central and southern Hebei urban agglomeration was launched; In 20 13, a comprehensive survey of geological environment in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone was started. Under the guidance and pull of China Geological Survey, local governments at all levels attach great importance to it and constantly increase local financial input. According to incomplete statistics, from 20 10 to 20 13, local governments invested about 650 million yuan to cooperate with China Geological Survey to promote the geological environment investigation of important economic zones and urban agglomerations.

Fig. 7-161999 ~ 2013 Changes in funds and number of projects for geological environment investigation in important economic zones.