Details of St. Paul's Church (London Church, UK)

St. Paul's Cathedral is located in a clearing two kilometers away from the well wall of Aurelius. When it was first built, it was surrounded by a vast field, so it was called "Sao Paulo outside the city".

Basic introduction Chinese name: St. Paul's Cathedral Geographical location: climate type: famous scenic spots with temperate maritime climate in London, England: Cathedral architecture: required reading before departure in the fourth century, introduction of scenic spots, key information, how to get there, beautiful scenery of scenic spots, introduction, fire, reconstruction, layout, soul of confessor, characteristics and value, introduction In the fourth century, Constantine the Great built this church on the tomb where the missionary St. Paul is said to be the main martyr. In 395, when the Roman Emperor honorio was in power, the church was expanded. Since then, the Vatican's St. Peter's Cathedral was completed in the16th century, and the outside of St. Paul's Cathedral has always been the largest church in Rome. From the 3rd century A.D./KLOC-0 to the 5th century A.D./KLOC-0, the church was renovated and beautified again and again, and many artists left their achievements here, where precious mosaics, murals and reliefs were concentrated, enjoying the reputation of a treasure house of art.. St Paul's Cathedral suffered a fire on July 5th. Due to negligence in decoration, the wooden ceiling painted golden caught fire unexpectedly. The flame almost completely devoured this splendid and rare ancient Roman church in just a few hours. Except for part of the main entrance, the Arc de Triomphe in the hall, the cross wing and the veranda garden, all other parts were set on fire. The French writer Stendhal was in Rome at that time. For this irreparable tragedy, he described it in his book "Walking in Rome": "The day after the fire, I went to Sao Paulo, which left me with a solemn and beautiful beauty, just like music; The traces left by the disaster to Bok are still so vividly displayed there. The church is full of smoky semi-coke sandalwood beams, and the huge round stone pillars that have been split and broken seem to be in danger of falling down at any time. The shocked Romans came here to pray and saw their church burned down. In the face of the huge losses suffered by this precious cultural heritage, it is superficial to sigh that "destruction is also a kind of beauty" when rebuilding Stendhal. However, his description left a real scene after the fire for future generations. After a long period of brewing, the Holy See decided to rebuild St. Paul's Cathedral, and said that it would strive to rebuild according to the structure and scale of the original church based on all the writing and painting materials. In view of the huge demand of the project, the Vatican has to send an invitation to raise funds to the whole world; This project was immediately supported by many countries. In addition to providing a lot of money and manpower, many heads of state also donated precious building materials for this purpose. The Governor of Egypt presented alabaster columns and panels, and Russian Tsar Nicholas I presented a large number of malachites, which were later carved into altars in the hall. The construction project took a whole century, and its completion was marked by the completion of one hundred marble columns in the main hall. The rebuilt St. Paul's Cathedral is grand and solemn, faithfully reappearing the ancient style of the church, but it seems that there is always a fog of conversation around it, perhaps because it is located outside the city, perhaps because it is not as old and luxurious as other churches, and there are many unclear reasons. Apart from devout pilgrims, tourists don't seem to like this phoenix flying out of the embers. St Paul's Cathedral has a square porch courtyard in front of the original church. There is green grass here, and several huge tropical palm trees cast a quiet shadow on the lawn. The tall columns around the courtyard look solemn, and the columns that stand proudly seem to feel sorry for themselves and refuse people's love and help; It is also the sun of the Mediterranean, with green grass and lush shrubs, but it is different from other churches. Tall and beautiful tropical palms always bring vitality and warmth to people, but they are particularly lonely in this courtyard. In the center of the courtyard stands a statue of St. Paul, with a serious face, a sword in one hand and a farewell letter to all believers in the other: "I have experienced hardships all my life, and I have adhered to my faith." "Now that the journey of life is over, I'm going to devote myself to the main cause ..." The large-scale mosaic created by the Vatican mosaic master of St. Paul's Cathedral sparkles in the direct sunlight and looks magnificent and luxurious, but the light blue tone contrasts with the surrounding white marble, which is even more remarkable. The layout of the church hall: in a huge space, 100 towering columns solemnly support the semicircular arch, and the flowers and leaves carved in the capital are dazzling, and the lime alabaster slices that are cut very thin and polished very smoothly are embedded in the window frames. Pope's altar: At the end of the main hall is the altar of the Pope. No one has the right to celebrate mass here except the Pope. Above the altar is a gorgeous canopy made in13rd century. Thanks to the protection of the Arc de Triomphe above, it was not destroyed in the fire. The altar is located on the tomb of St. Paul. There is a big cylinder in the small round picture frame on the wall, and each cylinder is inlaid with a portrait of the Pope. To tell the truth, few people read them except those who specialize in Catholic history, let alone tell the stories of popes. Columnar Garden: Go out from the door on the right side of the main hall and you will come to the Columnar Garden of St. Paul's Cathedral, which is a precious part that was not burned in the fire of 1823. Colonnade Garden was built in the 3rd century A.D./Kloc-0. It is the masterpiece of Vassal duo and the most typical combination of architecture and decoration in the 3rd century A.D./Kloc-0. The gallery belongs to the Arabic Kos Martes style, and its structure is as follows: exquisite and beautiful double rows of small columns support the elegant vault, and the columns are smooth, double-layered and twisted, and some columns are completely inlaid with colored marble; There are many relief fragments and incomplete sculptures inside this cloister, which are antiques rescued from the fire. Perhaps it is the exoticism of the gallery, perhaps because it is small and exquisite, and it is the warmest and most human place in the whole cathedral. There are several coins lying quietly at the bottom of the shallow basin fountain in the center of the garden. People always bend down to get holy water to wet their foreheads, and then cross the famous cross and leave with a smile. Roses of various colors are planted around the lawn, several pale yellow roses are withering, and the petals fall peacefully on the black soil. Around them, a cluster of crimson flowers is in full bloom. The small red light in the confessional pavilion of St. Paul's Cathedral lights up. In this huge space, it is like a few faint stars in the boundless sky. An old woman knelt in front of the dark cherry wood carving room and put her hands on her chest, looking lonely; You look at her wrinkled face and shopping bags around her, and guess that her confession may just be a way to seek relief, because there are people in the pavilion who are patiently listening to her, comforting her as always, and repeatedly saying that they will never abandon her. How important comfort and attention are to everyone, especially at the last stop of life, many people will appear helpless and lonely; You turn to the huge mosaic in the back hall again. The god above looks very kind. He looks at you, at the straight pillars that extend under his feet, and at the doors that open to the outside. He wanted to stop talking, as if mysterious words were always condensed on his smiling lips. He knows that everyone who comes in here can read the introduction of that sentence just by looking into his eyes. Foster collaborated with sculptor Sir Anthony Carroll and engineer Orwell Arup to design the Millennium Bridge on the Thames. This will be/kloc-the first new bridge in London for more than 0/00 years and the first footbridge in the capital. It will connect St. Paul's Cathedral with New tate modern and Planet Theatre, and will develop new sights of London, especially St. Paul's Cathedral, which is not disturbed by cars and city noise. The Millennium Bridge itself presents a beautiful arch, which is gently placed on the passage of "Peter Mountain" and finally ends by the river. The main vertical connection depends on the gentle slope ramp, and a short section of steps are closely connected with the ramp to form an arc altar, which connects the bridge, sculpture, ramp and observation deck into a whole. The Value of St Paul's Church in England In a report, the British Heritage listed it as the third most visited church, after York Cathedral and Canterbury Cathedral. These figures highlight the wider role of churches in maintaining the historical heritage of England. About 45% of Class I buildings (the highest heritage level) in this country are maintained by the Church of England. Among the 6.5438+0.6 million buildings in the church, * * listed about 6.5438+0.3 million buildings as historical or architectural heritage.