24 secrets of Chinese reading comprehension in senior high school entrance examination and their answering skills and methods

Answering skills of Chinese reading comprehension in senior high school entrance examination

First, the overall perception, fast reading skills:

(1) Browse the headlines to understand the basic content: sometimes the headlines imply the main idea, which can inspire the thinking of the article and provide directions for answering questions.

(2) Determine the style (narrative, argumentative, expository and prose) and analyze the key meaning.

(3) Read the beginning and the end carefully and try to figure out the theme: The beginning and the end can often find the center of the author's expression.

Second, the answer source:

A. Select the original text, keywords or sentences in the materials (such as grasping argumentative sentences, lyrical sentences and special rhetorical sentences, key adjectives and verbs in paragraphs).

B. select the main and eliminate the secondary. In other words, summarize the sentences in your own words or materials first, and then merge and condense them, leaving key sentences.

Third, friendly tips:

1 Pay attention to the examination of the questions, understand the intention of the questioner, and answer around the requirements of the questions to prevent irrelevant answers.

(2) Identify the style and answer according to the style knowledge; Answers should be organized and standardized.

3 When opening a topic or talking about opinions and feelings, we must combine the central intention (central argument) of the article to diverge. We can appropriately extract the key sentences in the article to answer, and try our best to sum up the actual feelings and quote relevant famous sayings and aphorisms or American prose.

Fourth, the style of knowledge memorandum:

Explanatory reading

1. Clear explanation object: the explanation object can be:

A. look at the title of the article;

B. Analyze and summarize according to the contents of the explanatory paragraphs.

2. General explanation content: The explanation content of the explanation article can generally be summarized as follows: This article mainly explains the structure, shape, nature, characteristics, changes, reasons, working principles and functions of objects. (depending on what is specified for the object)

3. Make the order clear: chronological order, spatial order, logical order. The common logical sequence is:

A. from generalization to concreteness;

B. from the whole to the part;

C. from primary school to secondary school;

D. from phenomenon to essence;

E. from cause to effect;

F. from characteristics to uses.

Generally speaking, the explanation of things adopts the logical order of explanation.

4, clear explanation method:

(1) Description method: a. Definition (mode: what is what); B. examples; C. comparison; D. column number; E. analogy; F. classification; G. column chart

(2) Analyze the function of interpretation methods: a, first indicate the interpretation methods used; B, then contact the description content analysis. What characteristics does this description show?

5. Explain the accuracy of written language. Answer specification: A: It cannot be deleted. xx？ After removing the expression, it will affect the accuracy of the interpretation language. (Not in line with the actual situation or too absolute)

6. Clearly explain the structure of the text (as the basis for dividing levels): common structural modes: total score, sub-score, sub-score, total score, sub-score, sub-score, etc. , and things are often explained by total-points-points-points-points-points. Integral? These parts are usually arranged in parallel.

Argumentative reading

1, find the right argument: title, beginning, end of the article, the obvious need to be briefly summarized. You can also find an argument by analyzing it. Because an argument proves an argument, analyze this argument and see what it proves. This question is an argument. Or analysis of topics, some topics are not arguments, but argumentative topics, and the author's view on the topic is the central argument.

2. Analysis of argument types: factual argument and rational argument. Test center: add an independent variable; (Stick to the argument and choose real and typical examples)

3. Clear argumentation methods: for example, truth, metaphor, comparison, and quotation. The general guidelines all use famous sayings as arguments. Metaphorical argumentation refers to the metaphorical rhetorical devices used in argumentation statements. Comparative argument generally needs to find out both positive and negative arguments. Test center: the role of analysis and argumentation: 1. Point out the demonstration methods used; 2. Analyze which viewpoint of the author is proved by this argument method. (Generally, it is the central sentence of this paragraph (the beginning of the paragraph) or the previous sentence of the argument method adopted)

4. Argumentation structure: general structure: asking questions-analyzing problems-solving problems (i.e. introduction-theory-conclusion).

5. Analyze the linguistic features (accuracy and generality) of argumentative writing.

6. Argumentative essays generally start with something, a famous saying, a fable, etc. So their role is: as an introduction, lead to the topic.

7. In argumentative writing, rhetorical questions are often used as transitions and rhetorical questions are used to express emphasis.

(1) The function of rhetorical questions is to attract readers' attention, inspire readers to think and make them think.

(2) The function of rhetorical questions (rhetorical sentences): strengthen the tone, emphasize the author's point of view and make people think.

(3) Narrative reading:

The narrative order of 1: direct narrative, flashback and interpolation. Flashback: Write down the ending or the most prominent segment of an event first, and then write down what happened and what happened. Flashback function: Flashback is generally to highlight the center, make the content centralized and sharp contrast, or make the narrative vacillate, or cause structural suspense and myth.

2, narrative clues: generally: time as a clue, events (something, changes in location, changes in feelings, me? What you see and feel is a clue.

3. The commentator said:

(1) The function of first-person (narrated in the tone of "I") writing: as a party, it makes the story appear true (as a witness of the story), natural and intimate.

(2) Third-person writing is open and full without any restrictions.

(3) The second person narration is closest to the reader and makes people feel particularly cordial.

Expression: narration, lyricism, description, explanation and discussion.

Description method: it can be divided into two categories: character description and environmental description.

(1) Character description: portrait (appearance), language (dialogue), action (action), expression, psychology, front, side and details. What is detail description: a detailed description of the nuances of a person's portrait, movements and demeanor.

(2) The function of environmental description: explaining the background of the story; Show the identity, status and activity place of the characters; Set off the emotions of the characters; Render the atmosphere.

(3) Profile description: Use other people's reactions to compare with other characters to express the characters.

6. In the narrative with lyrical scenery, it is necessary to sort out the order of scenery writing and find out the observation points (fixed-point observation or changing scenery). (1) Observation angle: look up (hyperopia), look up, look down.

(2) Means of observation: sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing.

(3) the form of feeling: shape, color, sound, fragrance, taste, light and feeling.

7. Lyric way: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Indirect lyricism generally refers to borrowing scenery to express emotion, embodying feelings in scenery and blending scenes.

8. Artistic features of sex appeal: generally refers to the conception, layout, expression and language features of sex appeal articles (including sex appeal novels). When answering, see if its idea is novel and ingenious; Whether the plot is ups and downs; Whether to use contrast, irony, exaggeration, contrast, seeing the big from the small, etc. ;

9. Prose features: scattered in form but not scattered in spirit. Form refers to the structure, god refers to the central means of writing: borrowing scenery to express feelings, embodying feelings in the scenery, and supporting objects to express their aspirations as symbolic means.

10, when answering what is the function of something in the article, you can consider it from three aspects. (1) content, such as deepening the theme and emphasizing feelings;

(2) Structure, such as transition and echo;

(3) Language, if fascinating and lively.

1 1, the function of punctuation:

Quotation: (1) Table reference

(2) irony, ironic negation

(3) The table emphasizes that

(4) specifically

Dash: (1) table explanation

(2) the progress point or turning point of ideographic expression

(3) expand the phonograph

(4) table insertion or interruption.

Omission: (1) The table content is omitted.

(2) Silence or thinking

(3) the interruption of table language

(4) the expression is intermittent. (5) the expression is unfinished and the meaning is unfinished.

12. Three elements of a novel: plot, characters and environment. Novel structure: beginning, development, climax and ending (some have behind-the-scenes endings).

13 Common writing methods: symbolism, contrast, setting off, contrast, suppressing before promoting, suppressing before promoting, seeing the big from the small (novel), expressing ambition with objects, using objects as metaphors, etc.

The function of 14 sentence in the text structure of the article: always start the full text, lead to the following, pave the way, transition (connecting the preceding with the following), coordinate before and after, echo from beginning to end, point out the theme and summarize the full text.

15. The role of sentences in expressing emotions: rendering the atmosphere, setting off the emotions (images) of the characters, highlighting the center (revealing the theme) and highlighting the theme (subliming the theme and deepening the center).

16 language characteristics evaluation words: accurate, vivid, vivid, easy to understand, concise, concise, euphemistic, meaningful, infectious and so on.

17. Talk about your opinions or feelings around the article: Answer mode: summarize your opinions or feelings in 1 sentence first, and then talk about the reasons in 2-3 sentences. You can put facts and reason. If the topic has relevant requirements, it should also be combined with personal experience.

The secret of understanding 24 perfect marks in Chinese reading for senior high school entrance examination.

1) The role of the beginning of the article

1, cause the following, pave the way for the following (narrative) 2. Open the topic and put forward the center (central argument) 3. Use stories or allusions to lead to arguments or topics (explain the object) and arouse readers' interest in reading.

2) the role of the end of the article

1, deepen the center, sublimate feelings 2, point out the end of the article, put forward the center or the central argument 3, sum up the above, put forward the initiative and issue a call.

3) Functions of sentences or paragraphs

1, the structural function is: always give full play to the full text, arouse the following, pave the way, pave the way, connect the preceding with the following (transition), take care of the preceding and the following, echo from beginning to end, summarize the full text, point out the theme and promote the development of the plot. 2. The function of sentences to express feelings: to render the atmosphere, contrast the characters (or feelings) and point out the center (reveal the theme). (1), as a factual argument, first prove the first (last) sentence, and then prove the central argument; (2) Prove the first (last) sentence as a reason argument, and then prove the central argument; (3) illustrates the word "before (after)" (indicating the characteristics of things)

4) Common writing methods and expression skills

Association, imagination, symbol, comparison, contrast, contrast, desire to promote first, suppress first and then promote, see the big from the small, express ambition with things, reason with things, express people with things, express things with things, express things with scenes, blend scenes with things, express things with things, use allusions, express one's thoughts directly, combine static and dynamic, and so on.

5)? This? 、? They? What does "wait" mean?

1, generally looking forward, will not exceed the first three sentences; 2. After finding it, read it in the sentence where the pronoun is located to see if it is appropriate.

6) parody

1, topic First of all, parody should be consistent with the example sentences in the topic, so that the materials are close to the center and the examples are typical and reasonable. For example, what is listed in the underlined sentence? Spring blossoms and autumn winds sweep the leaves? And then press the end of the sentence? Always with you? It can be judged that parody should be written with Xia Dong characteristics.

2. sentence patterns. Parody sentences should be the same as example sentences. Sentences include declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, exclamatory sentences, active sentences, passive sentences, long sentences, short sentences, scattered sentences, whole sentences, simple sentences and complex sentences.

3. Rhetoric. When imitating sentences, we should use the same rhetorical methods as example sentences, so we should carefully study the rhetorical devices used in example sentences, such as metaphor, parallelism, contrast, personification, repetition, rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions and quotations.

4. structure The composition of parody sentences and modifiers should be consistent with the example sentences.

5. expression. Imitation sentences should be fluent in language, appropriate in words, concise and clear, and there should be no illogical, far-fetched and shallow and naive sentences.

6. color. Here? Color? Including stylistic color and emotional color. For example, examples are full of cheerful feelings, and we can't go against this when we imitate sentences.

7, the number of words. For some parody questions, we should also pay attention to the fact that the number of words should be exactly the same as the example.

7) Evaluation of sentence features

Words are accurate, rigorous, vivid, vivid, easy to understand, concise, infectious, rhythmic, euphemistic, meaningful, thought-provoking, profound, stimulating reading interest, thorough reasoning and persuasive.

8) The answer to the question of limited words

1, complete and accurate statement according to the topic requirements (don't think too much about the number of words at this time); 2. Simplify according to the number of words: ① Remove irrelevant modifiers; ② Turn disyllabic words into monosyllabic words; ③ Use abbreviations (especially place names). 3. Read the sentences that match the meaning of the question and the number of words. Are there any language diseases? If there is, it must be revised. Make sentences concise, complete, smooth and clear.

9) Write a slogan.

1, the sentence must be short and pithy; 2. The following sentence patterns can be adopted: imperative sentence, figurative sentence, parallelism sentence, antithesis sentence, antithesis sentence, or clever use of famous sentences, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings and other slight changes to adapt to the context.

10) sentence function, meaning analysis and sentence appreciation

Are related words used in the sentence 1. Although but? This group of related words indicates a turning point; Used a relative word? Not only with? And so on, these related words indicate progressive relations, both of which are to emphasize the latter.

2, the role of inverted sentences: often emphasize the front (that is, transferred to the front) part, such as: what a pity, are you ungrateful? Just to emphasize? Are you ungrateful? To what extent? What? . Another example? Not so good, I guess? In a word, clearly emphasize the author's rights? Lei Feng sunset? What is the evaluation of this scenic spot? Not good? .

3. Evaluation and appreciation of a sentence: We should start from two aspects, first evaluate its writing characteristics and language characteristics, such as what rhetoric and expression techniques are used, the language is vivid or beautiful or symmetrical or accurate, or verbs and adjectives are used, and then evaluate its ideological connotation, that is, clarify what views this sentence expresses and what feelings, enlightenment and education it gives you.

4. The analysis of the meaning of a sentence can also start with the analysis of keywords, focusing on the meaning of keywords in a specific context.

5. When analyzing a sentence in an explanatory paragraph, it is important to buckle the explanatory content, the characteristics of the explanatory object and the characteristics of the explanatory language (accurate and vivid).

6. When analyzing a sentence in a narrative paragraph, it is important to recognize the specific atmosphere, the feelings expressed and the characteristics of the characters.

7. When analyzing the sentences in the argumentative paragraphs, we should correctly deduct the argument (or the central argument of the full text or the sub-argument of the paragraph) and the characteristics of the argumentative language.

8. Key sentences mainly include five aspects: ① sentences that point out the theme; 2 descriptive, argumentative and lyrical sentences; ③ Summarize the sentences of the full text; (4) Sentences that serve as a link between the preceding and the following (such as sentences that take care of each other and transitional sentences that serve as a link between the preceding and the following); ⑤ Sentences using various rhetorical devices (such as metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, irony, rhetorical questions, especially quotation). Understanding key sentences is mainly to understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by sentences. For example, the author's emotions, attitudes and thoughts between the lines. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the functions, functions and characteristics of sentences in the text.

1 1) The meaning of common sentence comparison and analysis questions:

Can you change the original sentence into a new one? Or which is better, the original sentence or the modified sentence? Delete words. Answer method and steps: 1, indicating your opinion (good, which is better); 2. Analyze the advantages of the original sentence; 3. Analyze the shortcomings of sentence modification.

Put forward a theme for this article.

1. Look at the beginning, the end, the central sentence, the turning sentence, and the recurring sentence. 2. The language requirements are concise, generally about 6 words.

13) according to the feeling of reading the passage, talk about your own views or experiences.

1, in the first person; 2. In the form of 1+2 or 1+3, first summarize your opinions or experiences in one sentence, and then explain the reasons in two or three sentences. You can put the facts, or you can be reasonable. If the topic has relevant requirements, we should also pay attention to combining our own personal experience.

14) Fill in psychological activities according to the context.

1, must use the first person; We must study the specific situation carefully.

15) According to the ideas put forward in this paper, add examples.

1, you can give examples of celebrities, which are more convincing and show your knowledge, but you must write accurate people and things and avoid arrogance. 2, you can also give examples of people, you can make them up, but you should pay attention to realism, not too exaggerated, so that people can know at a glance that they are made up. 3. Format: people+examples+short comments

16) Case summary:

1, which must contain two elements: people+things; 2. Other elements, such as time (season, year), place, environment, etc., should be summarized if they have specific significance.

17) The function of quotation marks:

1, table quotation (quoting dialogues, poems, sentences, etc. ); 2. Table specific title (special meaning); 3. Expressing negation, irony, irony and other meanings; 4. The table emphasizes that.

18) Define related nouns according to the context.

Give? Transgenic crops? Take the following definition as an example. 1, format a: transgenic crops are new crops. Format B: A new crop is called transgenic crop. 2, note: the definition must grasp the essential attributes of things, such as? Crops? Is it? Transgenic crops? The essential attribute of; ? Chinese method? Is it? Overall planning method? The essential attribute of.

19) Understand the meaning of words in the selected text and context.

To answer such questions, we should pay attention to two points: first, the word may no longer have the meaning in the dictionary, but has a special meaning in a specific context. Second, to understand the contextual meaning of words, we must first correctly understand the context in which words are located. Like "Mr. Fujino"? Isn't it beautiful? A Peugeot that hits the nail on the head? .

20) Answer questions in your own words.

1, this kind of question is often limited to sentences that cannot be answered directly in the original text. On another level, it means that you have relevant sentences in the original text, so you should first find out the relevant sentences in the original text;

What we need to consider now is how to turn the sentences in the original into our own words. The following methods can be adopted: ① the general idea method is suitable for long sentences in the original text; (2) Sentence translation method, which is suitable for classical Chinese paragraphs; (3) Explain key words, which are applicable to uncommon words in the original sentence; (4) Sentence conversion method is suitable for the case that the original text uses interrogative sentences, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions with ambiguous meanings, and the title requires clear expression.

2 1) fabricate psychological activities according to the context.

1, must use the first person; We must study the specific situation carefully.

22) Divide paragraphs and levels, and summarize the meanings of paragraphs and levels.

We should pay attention to the clues of the article, with the help of transitional paragraphs, transitional sentences and transitional words in the article, statements indicating time changes and statements indicating place changes, and also pay attention to the order in which the characters appear.

23) refining center and theme

Pay attention to the main content of this article, the purpose of the author's writing this article and the thoughts and feelings contained in it.

Pay attention to some common words, such as summarizing the main content, which are generally used: this article describes, describes, introduces, and passes through. For example, to summarize the writing purpose and thoughts and feelings, it is generally used to express, confess, praise, praise, expose, lash, satirize, explain, expose and reflect.

24) Answers to open reading questions

This kind of test questions is actually to test students' perception of the selected text or important sentences. Students are required to combine reading with life, reading with writing, reading with learning methods, and reading with innovation.

There are mainly the following aspects: 1, which requires to talk about opinions, feelings and sentiments according to the selected materials; 2. Explain the understanding of the selected text content in combination with the actual situation; 3. Comment on the characters in the article; 4, according to the life and study experience, judge the advantages and disadvantages, and talk about their own unique views on the selected materials; 5. Put forward some reasonable suggestions and ideas about the phenomena described in this paper. 6, mobilize the accumulation of knowledge, from the inside out to investigate the extension of the selected materials and the connection between the inside and outside of the textbook (such as understanding the works of important writers, literary models and famous sentences in the works, etc.). ); 7. Use association and imagination to fill in relevant contents; 8. Appreciate the artistic technique or aesthetic feeling in the text.