How to design stairs to save space

Abstract: How to design stairs to save space? Different stairs not only have different decoration effects, but also have different space requirements for buildings. When designing stairs, we should choose unsuitable stairs according to the size of the house's own space to avoid the effect of shortening the space by stairs. Therefore, the design of stairs must be reasonable in structure. According to the standard, each step of stairs should be 15 cm high and 28 cm wide. The following is a detailed introduction to the design method and steps of stairs and the design dimensions of general stair steps. Stair design method steps How to design stairs to save space

Stair design method steps

1. Determination of the size of each part of stairs

According to the opening, depth and height of stairwells, the height and width of stair steps, the length and width of steps and the width of platforms on each floor are determined. (Note: It's best to take even number of steps on each floor of double running stairs, so that the number of steps in two runs is equal. )

(1) According to the nature of the building, the plane position of the stairs and the size of the stairwell, determine the form of the stairs and the appropriate slope. Step width b and step height h are preliminarily determined (note: b≮bmin, h≯hmax, bmin and hmax are the minimum step width and maximum step height of various buildings respectively. )

the values of b and h can refer to table 2.1.

indoor stair step size specification

(2) determine the stair width b and stairwell width according to the stair bay size.

(3) determine the curse of step series, adjust the step height and the step width b, divide the height h by the step height h to get the step series n≈H/h, take an integer when it is taken as a decimal, and adjust the step height h(h≈H/n), and use the formula b+h=45(mm) or b+2h = 6 ~ 6.

(4) determine the width of the landing. Note (step width).

(5) determine the horizontal projection length l of the step by the step width b and the number of steps per step. (is the tread number of step).

2. Sketch the floor plan of the bottom floor, the second floor and the top floor of the stairs according to the above dimensions

3. Determine the structure and structural form of the stairs

Determine whether the stairs are cast-in-place or prefabricated, the stair steps are slab or beam slab, and the supporting mode of the platform slab.

4. Check the clearance height of stairs to meet the clearance height requirements.

When the entrance is made under the underlying platform, check whether the clearance height under the platform beam meets the requirement of 2m. If it is not satisfied, it can be adjusted in the following ways:

(1) Reduce the elevation of indoor floor under the platform beam at the bottom of the stairwell.

(2) increase the number of the first step at the bottom.

(3) The ground floor is provided with one run through to the second floor.

(4) appropriately increase the slope of the first run and raise the elevation of the underlying platform.

(5) combine the methods (1), (2), (3) and (4).

5. Draw a profile sketch according to the plan, cutting position and the above dimensions.

According to the calculated step series and the width and height of the steps, draw the profile lines of all the steps first, and then draw the slab thickness of the steps according to the selected structural form (the beam-slab steps should also draw the height of the ladder beam); Draw the platform beam and platform plate; Draw the end wall and the doors, windows and lintels on the wall.

6. Adjust the plan according to the adjusted dimensions of the profile, and mark the dimensions according to the design requirements

7. Complete the profile, deepen and mark it. Attached book: structural design of stairs

How to design stairs to save space

1. Purpose requirements

Through this design, we can master: 1. Basic principles of staircase layout; (2) the composition of the stairs and load-bearing structure layout scheme; ③ Detailed connection structure of stairs; ④ Decoration characteristics and basic methods of stairs.

2. Design conditions

1. According to the plan, vertical and section of a middle school teaching building in the wall structure design task book, complete the structural design of the secondary staircase at the left end of the teaching building. The plane size of the staircase is 66mm in depth and 33mm； in width; There are 3 floors, each with a height of 36mm and a parapet height of 12mm (the staircase is not on the roof in this design).

2. The staircase is a reinforced concrete beam-supported staircase. The form of steps, the number of steps, the height and width of each step, the form of railings, materials and dimensions are determined by students.

3. Assembled reinforced concrete floor slab and brick wall bear the load.

4. The floor and floor practices are determined by students.

5. Stair windows can be made of wood windows or reinforced concrete lattices.

third, the design content and depth

this design is drawn by AUTOCAD software computer, drawing 2#. Complete the following contents:

1. The floor plan of each floor is 1: 3, and the following contents are marked and expressed:

(1) Three dimensions in the stair bay direction: axis dimension, net bay dimension, ladder section and stairwell dimension;

(2) Three dimensions in the depth direction of stairs: axis dimension, clear depth dimension, flight length and platform dimension;

(3) Up and down direction, step width and number of steps;

(4) the elevation of each platform (marked finished surface);

(5) Draw out the cutting position and section number of the stair section.

2. Stair profile at 1: 3. Draw a complete profile of stairs from the top of parapet to the outdoor floor of the building, and express and mark the following contents:

(1) Horizontal dimensions: the positioning axis and bay size of stairs, the steps and platforms at the top and bottom;

(2) Three dimensions in the vertical direction: the total height of the building, the floor height corresponding to the stairs, and the height of each flight (step height × the number of steps in this flight = flight height);

(3) mark the floor elevation, platform elevation, indoor and outdoor elevation;

(4) mark the floor decoration practices;

(5) Draw out the detailed drawing.

3. Detail drawing of stairs 1: 1

Design the connection structure and detail decoration of stairs, select typical parts for detailed drawing design, and require that the detailed drawing can basically express the design intent and be operable. According to the legend, the structure level, material type, scale and connection mode of the detailed drawing are indicated and marked. The detailed drawings should clearly express the practices of the following parts:

(1) the connection of handrails-railings-steps (handrails facing the air);

(2) handrail-wall connection (handrail against the wall);

(3) detailed structure and decoration of railings;

(4) non-slip tread and decoration methods;

(5) the position relationship and connection mode between the ladder section and the platform beam, the ladder inclined beam and the tread plate, and the ladder inclined beam and the platform beam.

IV. Design reference materials

1. For the form and size of stair precast members (platform beam and stair flight), please refer to the reference size of platform beam and stair flight.

2. For the form and size of platform slab, please refer to the figure of course design in Topic 4. Reference dimensions of precast floor slab, girder and lintel.

3. For the form of stair railings and handrails, refer to Figure for the form of stair railings and handrails.

4. For the connection structure of stair railing and step, refer to Figure for the connection structure of stair railing and step.

5. For handrail section, step anti-skid and hardware fittings, please refer to the figure for handrail section, step anti-skid and hardware fittings.

V. Design methods and steps

1. Calculate the stair tread height and width, stair length and width, and platform width of each floor according to the width, depth and height of the stairwell.

note: it is best to take even number of steps on each floor of double-running stairs, for example, take 18 steps for a height of 3m, the step height is 166.6mm, and the total height error is less than 5mm, which can be adjusted during construction.

2. Sketch the floor plan of the first floor, the second floor and the top floor according to the above dimensions.

3. Determine the stair structure and construction scheme.

(1) Step form: slab or beam slab (rectangular ladder beam or zigzag ladder beam), buried step or not.

(2) Platform beam form: equal section or variable section.

(3) Layout of the platform plate: parallel to the platform beam or perpendicular to the platform beam.

4. Draw the stair section and dimension it as required. According to the calculated step series and step height, firstly, draw the profile lines of all steps, then draw the height of ladder beam or the plate thickness of plate ladder section according to the selected structural form, determine the connection mode with platform beam (buried step or not), draw the platform beam, and finally arrange the platform plates on both sides (refer to the local atlas for the width of platform plates, which needs to be calculated and treated with plate seams), and finally draw the end wall and doors and windows.

5. Draw the floor plan of the bottom floor, the second floor and the top floor of the stairs according to the adjusted dimensions of the profile, and mark the dimensions according to the above requirements.

6. Finally, improve the profile.