Terminology of hydropower installation

1 water supply system (water supply is also called water supply and tap water)

Through pipelines and auxiliary equipment, domestic, production and fire-fighting water will be transported to the pipe network of water-using places in an organized way.

2 drainage system (drainage is also called sewage)

Through pipes and auxiliary equipment, the rainwater on the roof, sewage and wastewater generated in the process of life and production will be discharged in time.

3 hot water supply system

Network of pipes and auxiliary equipment for conveying hot water.

4 sanitary ware

Equipment for supplying water, receiving and discharging sewage, waste water and dirt in life and production.

5 water supply fittings

Various fittings, valves and nozzles used to adjust and distribute water quantity and water pressure, close and change the direction of water flow.

6 building reclaimed water

All kinds of drainage can be reused after proper treatment to meet the specified water quality standards.

7 auxiliary equipment

In the water supply, drainage and heating systems of buildings, various devices are installed to meet the various use functions of users.

8 Test pressure

Pipes, containers and equipment shall be tested for compressive strength and air tightness according to the required pressure.

9 pipe fittings

General terms for parts and fittings used for connection between pipelines or between pipelines and equipment.

10 fixing bracket

A pipe support that limits the radial or axial displacement of a pipe at a support point.

1 1 movable support

A pipe support that allows the pipe to move axially at the support point.

12 static equipment

When the system is running, equipment that does not do any movement by itself, such as water tanks and various water tanks.

13 household heat metering

The metering method of measuring the heat supply of residential buildings individually by the residential households (sets).

14 heat metering device

Complete sets of instruments and components for measuring heat supply of heat medium.

15 ferrule connection

A form of pipe connection, which consists of a special joint with a lock nut and a threaded pipe.

16 fire sleeve

A short pipe made of refractory and flame retardant is sleeved on the outer wall of the hard plastic drainage pipe to prevent the fire from spreading along the pipeline penetration.

17 firestop ring

The sheath made of flame retardant expansion agent is sheathed on the outer wall of hard plastic drainage pipe, which can block the pipe in case of fire and prevent the fire from spreading.

18 Check the port

Pipe fittings with transparent doors are used to check and dredge pipes on drainage risers and long horizontal pipe sections.

19 sand cleaning port

As a pipe fitting on a horizontal drainage pipe for dredging pipes.

20 floor drain (also called cleaning box)

A device that can remove indoor groundwater in time.

2 1 water seal

There is a certain height of water column in the device to prevent the gas in the drainage pipe system from escaping indoors.

22 heating

The technology of obtaining heat indoors and maintaining a certain temperature to achieve suitable living or working conditions is also called heating.

23 heating system

A network consisting of heat sources or heating devices, cooling equipment and pipes to achieve the purpose of heating buildings.

High temperature hot water heating system

The heating system with hot water with temperature higher than 100℃ as heating medium is also called high temperature water heating system.

25 steam heating system

Heating system with steam as heating medium.

26 hot water heating system

Heating system with hot water as heating medium.

27 radiant floor heating

Low-temperature radiation heating uses hot water, hot air or cable as heating medium, and heating elements are embedded in the floor.

28 allowable pressure

Refers to the maximum pressure that the pipeline system can bear to ensure a certain service life at a certain medium temperature.

29 Nominal pressure

Refers to the allowable pressure of pipeline system within its service life.

30 working pressure

It refers to the design pressure of the pipeline with nominal pressure grade selected in the design, and a certain safety factor is added on the basis of allowable pressure.

3 1 hot melt connection

When pipes and fittings made of the same thermoplastic are connected with each other, the surface of the connection part is heated by a special hot-melt tool, directly hot-melt and sleeved, and then cooled and connected into a whole.

32 electric fusion connection

When connecting the same thermoplastic pipes, insert the special electric melting pipe fittings, electrify the electric melting pipe fittings through the electric melting connector, and the preset electric heating elements in the electric melting pipe fittings generate the required heat for welding, and then connect the pipes and the electric melting pipe fittings into a whole after cooling.

33 steel-plastic composite pipe

The inner wall of the steel pipe is lined (coated) with a plastic layer with a certain thickness. Steel-plastic composite pipe includes plastic-lined steel pipe and plastic-coated steel pipe.

34 plastic-lined steel pipe

Composite pipe is made by lining plastic pipe and steel pipe together by lining composite technology.

35 plastic-coated steel pipe

Composite pipe is made by uniformly coating plastic powder coating on the surface of steel pipe.

36 crosslinked aluminum-plastic composite pipe

The inner and outer layers are made of polyethylene or ethylene polymer with a density of ≥ 0.94g/cm3, and the middle layer is reinforced aluminum tube, which is tightly bonded by hot melting. The inner and outer layers of heating pipes used for floor radiant heating should be crosslinked polyethylene, usually marked XPAP.

37 polybutylene pipe

Thermoplastic pipes made of polybutene-1 resin with appropriate additives are usually marked with PB.

38 XLPE pipeline

The pipe is made of polyethylene or ethylene polymer with a density of ≥ 0.94g/cm3, and a proper amount of additives are added, and its linear macromolecules are crosslinked into a three-dimensional network macromolecular structure by chemical or physical methods. Usually marked PE-X.

39 random polypropylene pipe

Thermoplastic pipes extruded from propylene and random polymers with proper amount of ethylene and additives are usually marked with PP-R.

40 hard copper tube

The hardness of copper tube is greater than 100(HV/5).

4 1 semi-rigid copper tube

For copper tubes with hardness of 75 ~ 100(HV/5), when the outer diameter is less than 28 mm, special tools can be used for bending and flaring.

42 soft copper tube

The hardness of copper tube is 40 ~ 70(HV/5).

43 plastic coated copper tube

On the outer surface, polyethylene (PE) and other materials are uniformly, continuously and seamlessly coated into a circular copper tube.

44 brazing

Brazing is to use solder with a melting point lower than that of the base metal and heat it with the base metal. When the base metal does not melt, the solder melts, wets and fills the gap at the joint of the base metal to form a brazing seam, and the solder and the base metal dissolve and diffuse with each other, thus obtaining a firm combination.

45 brazing

Copper-based solders without silver, copper-based solders with low silver content and copper-based solders with low phosphorus content (the melting point of solder is higher than 620℃) are used to connect copper pipes through capillary phenomenon.

46 welding

Lead-free tin-based and lead-free tin-silver solder (the melting point of solder is lower than 450℃) is used to connect copper tubes through capillary phenomenon, so that the solder penetrates into the gap between the pipeline and the socket fittings.

47 curl

Press the socket-type pipe fitting with rubber sealing ring on the nozzle with special tools to seal and fasten the pipeline.

48 flange connection

Copper tube and brass flange are brazed together, or processed into flanging form, and steel loose flange is added to form flange joint, which is connected by bolts and nuts.

49 groove connection

A groove is pressed out at the end of the pipe section, connected with a special fixture, supplemented by a rubber sealing ring and fastened with the groove.

50 groove pressing

The process of pressing the rotating pipe end out of the standard groove by using the pressure wheel.

Terminology commonly used in building electrical engineering

1 wiring system

A combination of one cable (electric wire), multiple cables (electric wires) or bus bars and components for fixing them. If necessary, the wiring system also includes components that encapsulate cables (wires) or buses.

2 electrical equipment

Anything that generates, converts, transmits, distributes or uses electricity, such as motors, transformers, electrical appliances, measuring instruments, protective devices, line system equipment and electrical appliances.

3 electrical equipment

Equipment that converts electrical energy into other forms of energy, such as light energy, heat energy and mechanical energy.

4 electrical equipment

A combination of electrical devices with matching characteristics to achieve one or more specific purposes.

5 building electrical engineering (device)

The combination of electrical devices, wiring systems and electrical components of electrical equipment with matching characteristics to achieve one or more specific purposes. This combination can meet the expected use function and safety requirements of the building, and also meet the safety requirements of people who use the building.

6 catheter

As a part of the circular or non-circular wiring system used to protect wires or cables in electrical installation, the conduit has sufficient tightness, so wires and cables can only be introduced from the longitudinal direction, but not from the lateral direction.

7 metal conduit

A catheter made of metal material.

8 insulated conduit

Conduit made of insulating material, without any conductive parts (whether internal metal sleeve or external metal mesh or metal coating).