What can I write in the marine popular science handwritten newspaper?

The difference between ocean and ocean

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The vast ocean, from blue to green, is beautiful and spectacular. Ocean, ocean. People always say this, but many people don't know that the sea and the ocean are not the same thing, they are different from each other. So, what's the difference between them and what does it matter?

The ocean is the central part of the ocean and the main body of the ocean. The total ocean area in the world accounts for about 89% of the ocean area. The water depth of the ocean is generally above 3000 meters, and the deepest point can reach 10000 meters. The ocean is far from the land and is not affected by the land. Its water temperature and salinity have not changed much. Every ocean has its own unique ocean current and tidal system. The water in the ocean is blue and transparent, and there are few impurities in the water. There are four worlds, namely, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.

The ocean at the edge of the ocean is an accessory part of the ocean. The area of the sea accounts for about 1 1% of the ocean. The water depth of the sea is relatively shallow, with an average depth of several meters to two or three kilometers. The sea is close to the mainland and is influenced by the mainland, rivers, climate and seasons. The temperature, salinity, color and transparency of seawater are all affected by land and have obvious changes. In summer, the sea gets warmer and the water temperature drops in winter. In some sea areas, seawater will freeze. Where the river flows into the sea, or in the rainy season, the sea water will weaken. Due to the influence of land, rivers carry sediment into the sea, and the offshore seawater is turbid and the transparency of seawater is poor. The sea has no independent tides and currents. The ocean can be divided into marginal sea, inland sea and Mediterranean sea. The marginal sea is not only the edge of the ocean, but also close to the continental front; This kind of sea is widely connected with the ocean and is generally separated from the ocean by a group of islands. China's East China Sea and South China Sea are marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean. The inland sea is a sea located on the mainland, such as the Baltic Sea in Europe. The Mediterranean Sea is a sea between several continents, and its water depth is generally deeper than that of the inland sea. There are nearly 50 major oceans in the world. The Pacific Ocean is the largest, followed by the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean is similar to the Arctic Ocean.

The formation of the ocean

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How did the ocean form? Where does the sea water come from?

At present, science cannot give the final answer to this question, because they are related to another common and equally unsolved problem of the origin of the solar system.

Current research proves that some large and small nebulae separated from the solar nebula about 5 billion years ago. They revolve around the sun while rotating. In the process of movement, they collided with each other, and some lumps combined with each other, from small to large, and gradually became the original earth. During the collision of nebula clusters, they shrink sharply under the action of gravity, and the radioactive elements in them degenerate, which makes the primitive earth heat up continuously. When the internal temperature reaches high enough, underground substances, including iron and nickel, begin to melt. Under the action of gravity, the weight sinks and tends to concentrate in the center of the earth, forming the core; Lighter ones float to form the crust and mantle. At high temperature, the water inside evaporates, rushes out with the gas and rises into the air. But because of gravity, they will not run away, but will only turn around the earth and become a circle of air and water.

In the process of cooling and condensation, the crust on the earth's surface is constantly impacted and squeezed by the violent movement inside the earth, so it becomes uneven and sometimes crushed, forming earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, spewing magma and hot gas. At first, this kind of situation often happens, and then it gradually decreases and tends to be stable. This division of light and heavy substances led to great turmoil and reorganization, which was completed about 4.5 billion years ago.

After the crust is cooled and shaped, the earth is like an apple that has been dried for a long time, and its surface is wrinkled and uneven. There are mountains, plains, river beds and basins.

For a long time, the water vapor in the sky coexisted with the atmosphere. Thick clouds are gathering. It's dark. With the gradual cooling of the earth's crust, the temperature of the atmosphere is also slowly decreasing. Water vapor takes dust and volcanic ash as condensation nuclei and becomes water droplets, which accumulate more and more. Due to uneven cooling and strong air convection, thunderstorms and turbidity currents were formed, and it rained harder and harder for a long time. Surging floods, through thousands of rivers and valleys, converge into a huge water body, which is the primitive ocean.

In the primitive ocean, seawater is not salty, but acidic and anoxic. Water is constantly evaporating, and clouds repeatedly cause rainfall, and then fall back to the ground, dissolving the salt in the rocks on the land and under the sea, and continuously collecting it into the seawater. After hundreds of millions of years of accumulation and integration, it has become a generally uniform salt water. At the same time, because there was no oxygen and ozone layer in the atmosphere at that time, ultraviolet rays could reach the ground directly. With the protection of seawater, life was first born in the ocean. About 3.8 billion years ago, organic matter was produced in the ocean, and lower single-celled organisms first appeared. In the Paleozoic era 600 million years ago, there were algae that photosynthesized in the sun to produce oxygen, which gradually accumulated and formed the ozone layer. At this time, creatures began to land.

In a word, after the gradual increase of water quantity and salinity and the vicissitudes of geological history, the primitive ocean gradually evolved into today's ocean.

Seawater salinity

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The salt content of seawater varies from place to place, averaging around 3.5%. Among these inorganic salts dissolved in seawater, the most common one is sodium chloride, that is, daily salt.

Some salt comes from volcanoes under the sea, but most of it comes from rocks in the earth's crust. Rock is decomposed by weathering, releasing salt, which is carried to the sea by river water. In the circulation process of seawater evaporation and then condensation into water, after seawater evaporation, salt remains and gradually accumulates to the existing concentration.

The ocean contains so much salt that it can spread a salt layer about 500 feet thick on the global land.

wave

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The waves keep rolling on the sea, sometimes as flat as a mirror, and sometimes the waves are huge. Except those caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, waves are mostly caused by winds blowing through the ocean. Waves aroused by storms in the distance may travel hundreds of miles to the coast.

The height between the waves from the peak to the bottom of the trough is mostly less than 10 foot. But in a storm, the waves may be surprisingly high; 1933, the maximum wave recorded in the Pacific Ocean was as high as 1 12 feet.

continental shelf

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Some land, such as volcanic islands, will fall steeply into the sea. But around the mainland, most of them are frame landmasses covered by shallow sea, which is an extension of the mainland and is called the continental shelf. The continental shelf usually dips down to about 650 feet below sea level, and then drops sharply to the bottom of the sea. The steep side of the continental shelf is called continental slope. Most continental shelves extend about 50 miles offshore; Some are much narrower; However, the continental shelf on the northern shore of Siberia is 800 miles wide and extends to the Arctic Ocean. Most of the world's catches come from the rich waters on the continental shelf; Countries even claim sovereignty over the continental shelf off their coast, taking oil, mineral deposits and other commodity sources as their own.

Island (in the sea)

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According to the statistics of the number of islands published in the atlas published by various countries in the world, there are about 654.38+million islands in the world, which is well-founded. However, the standards and methods of statistical calculation in the world are not exactly the same: some regard reefs with 10 square meter or 100 square meter as islands; Some regard a small piece of land in the ocean of 500 square meters or even 1 square kilometer as an island. Obviously, the number of statistics by different standard methods is different. Take Indonesia, which has the largest number of islands in the world, as an example. According to the statistics of relevant departments of the Indonesian government, it is more than13,000, and according to the statistics of the Indonesian navy, it is17,000. The number of islands counted by different departments in a country differs by about 4000.

The area of islands in the world is about 9.77 million square kilometers, accounting for115 of the total land area.

Abundant marine biological resources

With the increase of population and the development of industry, the per capita cultivated land area is gradually shrinking. The whole world is concerned about how the earth can feed human beings. The focus of attention should not be limited to further developing agriculture and animal husbandry on land, but also actively developing and utilizing the vast ocean. There are abundant biological resources in the ocean, which can not only be used to build mariculture farms, but also have many uses to be developed.

Offshore farming and animal husbandry factories have been paid attention to by all countries since 1980s. Japan first proposed to build offshore farms, and from 65438 to 0980, it began to implement a nine-year "ocean take-off plan" to vigorously develop marine aquaculture. By the end of 1980s, the output of aquaculture had exceeded 2 million tons, ranking first in the world. In the 1980s, the United States also invested more than $654.38 billion to build 654.38 million mu of marine farms. Although the former Soviet Union gave priority to offshore fishing, it did not relax its mariculture, throwing sturgeon larvae in the Caspian Sea and the Azov Sea, catching them when they grew up, and establishing oyster and scallop farms along the far east coast. During this period, other countries also set off an upsurge of developing mariculture. Recently, China has also paid attention to the implementation of mariculture, becoming a big shrimp farming country in the world.

Since 1980s, the world mariculture output has increased at the rate of 10% per year, and by the end of 1980s, the mariculture output was estimated to have exceeded 8 million tons. However, from the perspective of the whole marine fishery, the proportion of mariculture in the world is still relatively small, less than 10%, so there is still great potential to be developed.

Many high technologies are being used to improve fish species. For example, using genetic engineering technology to cultivate and improve the fry and larvae of fish, shrimp and shellfish to make them grow fast, have strong vitality and have good meat quality.

1984, the breeding yield of shellfish and abalone in the United States increased by 25% through gene recombination technology. According to the reasons for the discovery of growth hormone in several fish, the gene isolation and transfer experiments were carried out. 1986 successfully transferred the growth hormone gene of rainbow trout into catfish, which shortened the breeding cycle of catfish by more than half. The antifreeze gene was isolated from Antarctic fish and transferred to Atlantic salmon, which increased the cold resistance of salmon and expanded its breeding area. It is of great significance to study the sex control of fish by cell engineering and cultivate all-female salmon, prawns and all-male tilapia. At present, it is being studied to make some swimming fish respond to sound waves and light by controlling genetic genes, so as to manage it scientifically.

In addition to variety improvement, high technology is also used to build seawater farms. The establishment of artificial reefs is an example. It is to build a comfortable home for fish and attract more fish to live and multiply here. Artificial reef is to pile stones, cement blocks, waste vehicles, waste tires and so on on the seabed in various ways, thus creating an environment that marine life likes, and tiny marine life and seaweed will attach to it, providing rich bait for fish. In addition, the artificial reef protruding from the seabed will make seawater flow from the bottom to the upper layer, bring up the nutrient-rich seawater on the seabed, increase its fertility, and thus attract fish.

It is estimated that the ocean can provide 3 billion tons of aquatic products for human beings every year without disturbing the balance. Based on the global population reaching 6.3 billion in 2000, each person can get an average of 476 kilograms per year and 39 kilograms per month. Judging from the output of protein alone, the ocean can produce about 400 million tons of protein every year, which is about seven times the current demand for protein. It can be seen that the ocean can play a great role in solving the problem of human eating. Of course, this goal cannot be achieved overnight.

The world's four oceans

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The land on the earth is widely distributed and separated from each other, while the sea water extends in all directions and is integrated. This continuous body of water constitutes the world's oceans. The world's oceans are dominated by oceans and are composed of the surrounding seas. There are four oceans in the world: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. There are as many as 54 major sea areas, such as Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean Sea, Baltic Sea, Red Sea and South China Sea. Now, let's travel around the world!

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the ocean with the widest area, the deepest depth and the most marginal seas and islands in the world. According to more data, it was first discovered and named by Spanish explorer Pascal, and the word "Taiping" means "peace". /kloc-in the 6th century, Spanish navigator Magellan entered the Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic Ocean via strait of magellan and arrived in the Philippines. During his voyage, the weather was clear and calm, so he named this sea area "Pacific Ocean" in unison. The Pacific Ocean lies between Asia, Oceania, America and Antarctica. The Bering Strait at the northern end is connected with the Arctic Ocean, south to Antarctica, and connected with the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean to enter the waters around the Antarctic continent. The maximum length of the Pacific Ocean from north to south is about 15900 km, and the maximum width from east to west is about 20990 km. The total area is 6.5438+0.7868 million square kilometers, accounting for one third of the earth's surface area and half of the world's ocean area. The average depth is 3957m, and the maximum depth is11034m. There are 6 trenches over 10,000 meters in the world, all of which are concentrated in the Pacific Ocean. The seawater capacity of the Pacific Ocean is 70765438+ million cubic kilometers, ranking first in the world. The Pacific Ocean is rich in resources, especially fishery, aquatic products and mineral resources. Its catch, reserves and grade of polymetallic nodules rank first in the world's oceans.

the Atlantic

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world. It is located between North and South America, Europe, Africa and Antarctica, and it is an S-shaped ocean belt running north and south. It is about1.5000 km long from north to south and narrow from east to west, with a maximum width of 2800 km. The total area is about 9 1.66 million square kilometers, slightly more than half of the Pacific Ocean. The average depth is 3626 meters, and the deepest point is 92 19 meters, which is located in the Puerto Rico trench. Marine resources are abundant, rich in fish, and the catch accounts for about one-fifth of the world. Shipping in the Atlantic is particularly developed. East and west communicate with the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean through Suez Canal and Panama Canal respectively, and their freight volume accounts for more than two-thirds of the world's total freight volume.

the Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third ocean in the world. Located between Asia, Oceania, Africa and Antarctica. It covers an area of about 76 1.7 million square kilometers, with an average depth of 3,397 meters and a maximum depth of 7,450 meters in the Java Trench. In the middle of the seabed, there is a ridge that runs roughly north-south. Most of them are located in the tropics with an average water temperature of 20℃-27℃. Its marginal sea, the Red Sea, has the highest salt content in the world.

Oil is the most abundant marine resources, and the Persian Gulf is the largest seabed oil producing area in the world. The Indian Ocean is the earliest navigation center in the world, and its waterway is the earliest discovered and developed in the world, which is an important channel connecting Africa, Asia and Oceania. Marine freight volume accounts for more than 10% of the world, among which oil transportation ranks first.

Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is located in the northernmost part of the earth, roughly centered on this North Pole, between Asia, Europe and the north shore of North America. It is the smallest and shallowest of the four oceans. The area is about 6.5438+0.479 million square kilometers, accounting for only 3.6% of the world's ocean area; The volume is16.98 million cubic kilometers, accounting for only1.2% of the world ocean volume; The average depth is 1300m, which is only one third of the average depth of the world's oceans, and the maximum depth is only 5449m. The Arctic Ocean is also the coldest ocean among the four oceans, with snow all year round and ice thousands of miles thick. The solid ice layer covering the ocean surface is 3 ~ 4 meters thick. Whenever the seawater here flows south into the Atlantic Ocean, clusters of huge icebergs can be seen everywhere, drifting away, just like some terrible monsters, posing a certain threat to the human shipping industry. In addition, there are two wonders in the Arctic Ocean. The first wonder: almost half of the year, continuous darkness, like a long night to see the sun; The other half of the day, mostly sunny, only daytime, no night. Because of this, a day and a night in the Arctic Ocean seems to be a day instead of a year. In addition, in the ocean, you can often see the aurora phenomenon in the Arctic sky, which is erratic, changeable, colorful and very gorgeous. This is the second wonder of the Arctic Ocean.

Ocean-a cornucopia of mineral resources

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The ocean is a cornucopia of mineral resources. After the "international 10 marine exploration stage" in the 1970s, people's understanding of the types, distribution and reserves of marine mineral resources was further deepened.

oil and gas field

With the modernization of human economy and life, the demand for oil is increasing day by day. At present, oil occupies the first place in energy. However, because some large oil fields on land are relatively easy to exploit, some have been exhausted and some are on the verge of exhaustion. Therefore, in recent 20 ~ 30 years, many countries in the world are vigorously developing offshore oil industry.

The exploration results show that the world's oil resources reserves are 65.438+billion tons, and the recoverable amount is about 300 billion tons, of which the seabed reserves are 65.438+300 million tons.

China has a shallow continental shelf of nearly 2 million square kilometers. Through the geological survey of submarine oil fields, seven great basin, including Bohai Sea, South Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Pearl River Estuary, Beibu Gulf, Yinggehai and Taiwan Province Province Shoal, have been discovered successively. Among them, the East China Sea is rich in seabed reserves, comparable to the North Sea oil field in Europe.

Pinghu oil and gas field in the East China Sea is the first medium-sized oil and gas field discovered in the East China Sea of China, located 420km southeast of Shanghai. It is a medium-sized oil and gas field dominated by natural gas, with a depth of 2000 ~ 3000 meters. According to experts' estimation, the natural gas reserves are 26 billion cubic meters, 4.74 million tons of condensate oil and 8.74 million tons of light crude oil.

Rare manganese nodules

Manganese nodule is a kind of rare metal ore source on the seabed. It was first discovered in the Atlantic Ocean by a British marine survey ship in 1973. However, the formal and organized survey of manganese nodules in the world began with 1958. Investigation shows that manganese nodules are widely distributed at the bottom of the deep sea from 4000 to 5000 meters. They are the largest metal mineral resources in the future. Interestingly, manganese nodules are all kinds of primary minerals. It grows at a rate of about100000 tons every year, and it is an inexhaustible mineral.

The total reserves of marine manganese nodules in the world are about 3 trillion tons, including 400 billion tons of manganese, 8.8 billion tons of copper, 654.38+064 billion tons of nickel and 4.8 billion tons of cobalt, which are dozens or even thousands of times of the land reserves respectively. According to the current consumption level, these manganese can be used worldwide for 33,000 years, nickel for 253,000 years, cobalt for 2 1500 years and copper for 980 years.

At present, with the deepening of exploration and investigation of manganese nodules and the maturity of technology, it is predicted that by 2 1 century, it will enter the stage of commercial development and formally form a deep-sea mining industry.

submarine hydrothermal deposits

In the mid-1960s, American marine survey vessels first discovered deep-sea hydrothermal deposits in the Red Sea. Then, some countries found more than 30 such mineral deposits in other oceans.

Hydrothermal deposits, also known as "heavy metal mud", are high-temperature lava ejected from cracks in sea ridges (seamounts), which are washed, precipitated and accumulated by seawater, and can grow rapidly at a rate of several centimeters per week like plants. It contains dozens of rare and precious metals such as gold, copper and zinc, and the grade of gold and zinc is very high, so it is also called "submarine gold and silver warehouse". Interestingly, heavy metals are colorful, including black, white, yellow, blue and red.

Under the current technical conditions, although submarine hydrothermal deposits can't be mined immediately, it is a potential treasure house of seabed resources. Once it can be exploited industrially, it will become one of the four major seabed minerals in 2 1 century together with submarine oil, deep-sea manganese nodules and submarine placer.

The ocean that has not been conquered by human beings so far accounts for 3/4 of the earth's surface, with a seawater volume of 654.38+0.4 billion cubic kilometers and an average depth of 3,700 meters. The intricate food web in the ocean breeds a wide variety of marine life, which is much more complicated than any ecosystem on land. From sulfur-eating microorganisms and bacteria living near the submarine crater to all kinds of deep-sea fish, their fluorescence can illuminate far away and attract many creatures to eat. In some places, there may even be a new species called "sea monster", including the 20-meter-long horseshoe crab.

Scientific research tells us that in this underwater world, the potential economic value is immeasurable: the vortex ocean current with huge energy affects the weather in most parts of the world. If we can understand their formation mechanism and laws, we can predict the occurrence of climate disasters and avoid trillions of dollars in economic losses. There are also huge nickel, manganese, iron, cobalt and copper with commercial development value in the ocean; Bacteria, fish and plants in the deep sea may become the source of magical drugs to protect human health and longevity. It is estimated that in the next few decades, the benefits brought by the ocean will far exceed the benefits brought by human exploration of space at present. If people can freely and safely enter and leave the seabed, its economic benefits will be immediate.

However, reaching the bottom of the sea is the same as reaching outer space. It is impossible for people to reach the bottom of the sea without special equipment. Common sense tells us that without the help of oxygen tanks, people can't dive below 3 meters for a long time-this is only one third of the average depth of the ocean! With the continuous diving into the water, the pressure is getting bigger and bigger. People's inner ear, lungs and some pores will feel pressure and feel pain. When the underwater temperature is low, it will quickly absorb the heat of the human body. It is difficult for people to stay in water below 3 meters for 2 ~ 3 minutes.

For these reasons, contemporary deep-sea exploration has to wait for the development of two key technologies: deep-sea spherical submersible and deep-sea steel ball submersible tied with chains. People who can swim have been thinking about how to get oxygen underwater. It has been like this for thousands of years. In ancient Greece, divers got oxygen from bottles filled with gas, but in modern times, divers used compressed air to dive into human bodies. Usually people can dive to a depth of 30 meters. Even the most experienced people who use underwater breathing apparatus dare not venture to dive below 45 meters, because the increase of deep diving pressure and the pressure change in the process of floating to the surface lead to decompression sickness and even death. Using a sealed diving suit, you can only dive to a depth of 440 meters.

The spherical submersible created a depth of 923 meters, but it was very difficult to operate. Later, a small deep-sea submarine was invented, but it can only be used for scientific research. The advanced deep-sea submarine is equipped with underwater camera, specimen collection basket and manipulator with human hand function. The practice of submersible gives a positive answer. The United States, France, Japan, Russia and other countries have developed deep-water submarines for different purposes and collected data samples of animals, plants, rocks and water samples in the depths of the ocean. This opened a new era of deep-sea exploration. People have gained a lot of information in the deep-sea world, which has changed some traditional views of biology, geology and marine geography. Scientists look at the changing law of wind and current with new eyes; El Nino in the Pacific Ocean is very harmful to commercially valuable fish stocks, and it can also induce strange changes in the climate on the earth. The instability of ocean circulation may lead to global climate change, or make the stable climate on the earth slowly disappear.

Scientists also realize that the seabed at the bottom of the ocean is not flat. It is undulating and more complicated than our land topography, and its canyons can hold up the Himalayas. What's even more amazing is that there is a unique and global mountain range of 60,000 kilometers at the bottom of the sea. Like a giant snake, it winds through the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. Scientists call this undersea mountain range "the mid-ocean ridge".

By the end of 1970s, when geologists carefully studied the mountains in the middle of the ocean, they became more convinced of the tectonic plate theory. According to this theory, the earth's surface is not a single stone shell, but consists of several huge plate structures, the smallest of which is several thousand square kilometers, floating on the mantle. The uplift of the mid-ocean ridge may be the place where the crust first formed; The new plate structure may be caused by the internal force of the crust below the seabed before its formation. Rock samples collected from the mid-Atlantic ridge prove this. This is amazing evidence of the correctness of plate structure theory. This is another evidence that the hot mineral-rich seawater flowing from the seabed originally came from the chimney-shaped peaks on the seabed. It shows that there is still huge heat under the rock, which comes from the relatively young sediment structure. There is a hydrothermal vent with an average depth of 2225 meters. Marine geologists have carefully studied hydrothermal vents on the seabed. After observation, it is found that these jets are actually geysers on the seabed, just like the "faithful spring" in Yellowstone National Park. Hot seawater flows out of cracks in the seabed. Although the temperature is as high as 400℃, it will not boil because of too much pressure here. After the hot water is ejected, it cools quickly. The ejected water contains a lot of minerals, including zinc, copper, iron, sulfur mixture and silicon, which are collected on the seabed. These things accumulate thicker and thicker, and finally form a chimney-like mountain peak like a "black smoke ghost".

The chemical reactions of these hot vents have answered questions that have puzzled scientists for many years. Why can a large amount of magnesium in seawater remain relatively stable under the condition that its composition is constantly corroded? It is now recognized that magnesium is stripped from seawater when hot water flows over rocks.

While scientists regard these hot vents as chemical laboratories to study the underwater world, business-minded entrepreneurs regard them as metal smelters because they can obtain huge and valuable metals from the interior of the earth. Marine geologists have long known that there is a layer of manganese nodules on the seabed from 4300 meters to 5200 meters deep. These potato-sized manganese cores contain iron, nickel, cobalt and other metals. Since 1970s, many mining companies have used advanced equipment to collect them.

If the hydrothermal vents on the seabed are magical, what surprises scientists is that there will be life around these sulfur-containing geysers! This is really unexpected. 1977, scientists found many microorganisms in the water of these hot vents, and also found a 20 cm long tubular worm. A strange fish with red skin and blue eyes! After this fact was reported in the news, many people didn't believe it at first, but this "disbelief" was quickly replaced by "curiosity". People naturally ask the question: If there are living things, what do they do for a living? How do they survive where there is no light at all? Strangely, 100 years ago, a Russian scientist discovered the above facts. He said that underwater bacteria live on oxygen sulfide, which is highly toxic to most life! Now scientists have found that these bacteria are just the opposite of photosynthetic bacteria on the ground, and they get life energy from chemicals; Photosynthetic bacteria on land get energy from light.

In recent years, people have had a heated debate on whether we should go deep into the sea floor. Scientists and politicians are arguing: is it worthwhile to continue to March into the depths of the sea? Most people admit that exploring the seabed is a career with great theoretical and practical value, but the cost is too high, so they hesitate. Some people object. They think it's a waste of money. Some people in the United States and France oppose the construction of more advanced deep-sea detectors. However, most people are in favor. They believe that comparing the exploration of the world's seabed with Columbus's discovery of the new continent today is based on the reason that "it must be an unimaginable magical world." Exploring this unknown "new continent" will certainly change many traditional views of mankind and bring great benefits to mankind. In seabed exploration, scientists from the United States, Japan, France and other countries have done the best, among which Japan has invested the most and achieved the most remarkable results. The Japanese are always interested in new markets. They regard the world ocean as a new market, so they have great enthusiasm for the ocean. Japanese scientists have found that the edge of the Pacific plate structure, from east to west, is squeezing the Japanese land mass. Japan's deep-sea probe can reach the seabed with a depth of more than 65438+100000 meters. The researchers can see from the screen that the robot dived into the depth of 109 1 1.4 meters in just 35 minutes. At this depth, people found a kind of sea slug, worm and shrimp, which once again proved that there are many life forms in the worst places on earth.

1996, a brand-new and revolutionary submarine probe was launched in Monterey, a coastal city in central California, USA, and began her maiden voyage. The name of this deep-sea exploration ship is Shen Fei 1. It is 4m long and weighs 13 15kg. It looks like a plump winged torpedo. When it sails underwater, it looks like an agile and agile bird. Compared with those slow-moving submarines sailing around the ocean and dragging deep-sea detectors, Shen Fei 1 is like an underwater F 16 fighter. It can do aerobatics, such as tumbling, racing against fast-swimming whales, or jumping vertically out of the water, so that the driver can see everything outside the cabin. It can fly on the water, dive below 1000 meters, and do various scientific investigation activities.

In a word, the ocean is the hope of 2 1 century. Today, with the development of science and technology, human beings should look to the ocean. Of course, only by protecting the ocean and cherishing the ocean and its resources can the ocean be willing to make its own contribution.