What does stereotyped Party writing oppose and what is stereotyped Party writing?

(1February 8, 942)

This is Mao Zedong's speech at a meeting of cadres in Yan 'an. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Comrade Kaifeng (1) just talked about the purpose of today's meeting. What I want to talk about now is how subjectivism and sectarianism use stereotyped Party writing (2) as their propaganda tool or form. We oppose subjectivism and sectarianism. Stereotyped Party writing is not liquidated, and they still have a hiding place. If stereotyped Party writing is overthrown, then subjectivism and sectarianism are finally "defeated" (3).

It doesn't matter if a person only writes stereotyped Party writing for himself. If you give it to a second person, the number will double, which is already harmful. If it is to be posted on the wall, or mimeographed, or printed in a newspaper, or printed as a book, the problem will be big and will affect many people. People who write stereotyped Party writing always want to write it to many people. This is ...

Stereotyped Party writing is also a kind of foreign stereotyped Party writing, which Lu Xun has long opposed. (4) Why is it also called stereotyped Party writing? This is because in addition to foreign flavor, there is a little rustic. It is also a kind of creation! Who says our people didn't create at all? This is one! (Laughter)

Stereotyped Party writing has a long history in our party. Especially during the agrarian revolution, it was sometimes very serious.

Historically, stereotyped Party writing was a reaction to the May 4th Movement.

During the May 4th Movement, a group of new figures opposed classical Chinese, advocated vernacular Chinese, opposed old dogmas and advocated scientific democracy, all of which were correct. The movement at that time was lively, progressive and revolutionary. At that time, the ruling class taught students the truth of Confucius, forced people to believe in it as a religious dogma, and the writers used classical Chinese. In short, the ruling class and its idlers at that time wrote and educated them. Both content and form are stereotyped writing and dogma. This is stereotyped writing and dogma. Exposing the ugly state of stereotyped writing and dogma to the people and calling on them to rise up against stereotyped writing and dogma is a great achievement of the May 4th Movement. The May 4th Movement also made great achievements in opposing imperialism. This struggle against stereotyped writing and old dogma is also a great achievement of it. But later, stereotyped writing and dogma came into being. Some people in our party who violate Marxism have developed this stereotyped writing and dogma into subjectivism, sectarianism and stereotyped writing. These are all new stereotyped writing and new dogmas. This new stereotyped writing and new dogma has been deeply rooted in the minds of many of our comrades. We need to make great efforts to carry out the transformation work today. In this way, the lively and progressive revolutionary movement against the old stereotyped writing and the old feudal dogma during the May 4th Movement was later developed into its opposition by some people, resulting in the new stereotyped writing and new dogma. They are not lively things, but die-hard things; Not something forward, but something backward; Not revolutionary things, but things that hinder the revolution. In other words, stereotyped foreign writing or stereotyped Party writing was the original reaction of the May 4th Movement, but the May 4th Movement itself also had its shortcomings. Many leaders at that time did not have the critical spirit of Marxism, and their methods were generally bourgeois methods, that is, formalism. They are right to oppose stereotyped Party writing and dogma and advocate science and democracy. But they were right. The so-called good is absolutely good, and everything is fine. This formalistic way of looking at problems has influenced the development of this movement. The development of the May 4th Movement is divided into two trends. Some people inherited the scientific and democratic spirit of the May 4th Movement and reformed it on the basis of Marxism. This is the work of * * * producers and some non-party Marxists. Others have embarked on the bourgeois road. It is the development of formalism to the right. But * * * producers are not consistent internally. Some of them are biased, unstable in Marxism and have made formalistic mistakes. This is subjectivism, sectarianism and stereotyped writing, which is the development of formalism to the "Left". In this way, stereotyped writing is a reaction to the positive factors of the May 4th Movement on the one hand and the negative factors of the May 4th Movement on the other. This is no accident. It is good for us to know this. If it is revolutionary and necessary to oppose stereotyped writing and old dogmatism during the May 4th Movement, it is also revolutionary and necessary for us to criticize new stereotyped writing and new dogmatism with Marxism today. If we did not oppose stereotyped writing and old dogmatism in the May 4th Movement, China people's thoughts would not be liberated from the bondage of stereotyped writing and old dogmatism. China has no hope of freedom and independence. This work just started during the May 4th Movement. It still needs great efforts to completely shake off stereotyped Party writing and old dogmatism, and it is still a big project on the road of revolutionary transformation in the future. If we don't oppose new stereotyped writing and new dogmatism today, China people's thoughts will be bound by another formalism. As for the poison of stereotyped Party writing and dogmatic mistakes made by some comrades in our party (only a part of it, of course), if we don't eliminate it, we can't inspire a lively revolutionary spirit, we can't eliminate the bad habit of treating Marxism with an incorrect attitude, and real Marxism can't be widely spread and developed. As for the influence of stereotyped Party writing and the old dogma on the people of the whole country, and the influence of stereotyped Party writing and foreign dogma on many people in the whole country, we can't fight vigorously, nor can we achieve the goal of elimination and elimination.

Subjectivism, sectarianism and stereotyped Party writing are all anti-Marxist, which is not needed by the proletariat but by the exploiting class. These are the reflections of petty-bourgeois ideas in our Party. China is a country with an extremely extensive petty bourgeoisie, and our party is surrounded by this broad class, from which a large number of party member come. Inevitably, they dragged the tail of the petty bourgeoisie into the party. If the fanaticism and one-sidedness of petty-bourgeois revolutionaries are not restricted and reformed, subjectivism and sectarianism will easily arise, one of which is stereotyped foreign writing or stereotyped Party writing.

It is not easy to clean up these things. This must be done properly, that is to say, it must be reasonable. If the reasoning is good and appropriate, it will be effective. The first way to make sense is to give the sick a heavy stimulus and shout at them, "You are sick!" " Surprise the patients, sweat all over, and then call them for treatment.

Now, let's analyze the disadvantages of stereotyped Party writing. Let's imitate the writing style of stereotyped Party writing (5) and come up with a "stereotyped Party writing" to fight poison with poison, which is called the eight major crimes.

The first charge of stereotyped Party writing is: empty talk, empty talk. Some of our comrades are happy to write long articles, but they have no content. It's really "a lazy woman who binds her feet and is long and smelly". Why does it have to be so long and empty? There is only one explanation, that is, you are determined not to let the masses see it. Because it is long and empty, the masses shake their heads when they see it, and there is no way to bully naive people. Bad habits. On June 22nd last year, the Soviet Union launched such a big anti-aggression war, and Stalin delivered a speech on July 3rd, which was only as long as an editorial in Liberation Daily [6]. If it was written by our master, it would be terrible, with at least tens of thousands of words. Now is the time of war, so we should study how to make the article shorter and more concise. Although there is no war in Yan 'an, there is no war yet. The rear is also busy with work and the article is too long. Who will read it? Some comrades also like to write long reports in front. They worked hard to write it and send it to us. But how dare you read them? It is not good to be long and empty, nor is it good to be short and empty. We should ban all empty talk. But the most important and primary task is to tie the feet of those long and smelly lazy women. Throw it in the trash as soon as possible. Or some people may say, isn't Capital very long? then what it is quite easy to do so. Read it. As the saying goes, "What song to sing on what mountain?" He also said, "Look at the dishes and eat according to your own situation." No matter what we do, so do articles and speeches. We are opposed to empty stereotyped writing, not to say that. But articles with content are especially needed. The last thing you can object to is an article without substance. The same is true of the speech, which is full of empty talk and has no substance. It must be stopped.

The second charge of stereotyped Party writing is: putting on airs to scare people. Some stereotyped Party writing is not only empty talk, but also a deliberate act to scare people. The bread here contains very harmful toxins. Empty talk can be said to be childish. Putting on airs to scare people is not only naive, but also hooligan. Mr. Lu Xun once criticized such people and said, "Abuse and intimidation are by no means fighting." At one time, scientific things were never afraid of being criticized, because science was truth and never afraid of being refuted. Subjectivism and sectarianism are manifested in stereotyped Party writing articles and speeches, but they are afraid of being refuted, which is very timid. I think that this scare can make people keep their mouths shut and they can "win back." This posturing can't reflect the truth, but it will hinder it. All the truth will not pretend to be scary, just keep going honestly. In many comrades' articles and speeches, there used to be two terms, one is "cruel struggle" and the other is "ruthless attack". This means. It is wrong to treat your comrades. Enemy and hostile thoughts are often mixed together in the party, as stated in the fourth conclusion of A Brief Reading of the History of the CPSU (Bolshevik). For such people, there is no doubt that a cruel struggle or a ruthless blow should be taken, because those bad guys use this means to deal with the party. If we are tolerant of them, it will be exactly what the bad guys want. But we can't use it. For this kind of comrades, we must use the method of criticism and self-criticism, which is the method mentioned in article 5 of the conclusion of a brief reading of the history of the CPSU (Bolshevik). In the past, our comrades also told these comrades about their "cruel struggles" and "merciless blows". On the one hand, there is no analysis object, on the other hand, it is putting on airs to scare people. Whoever they are, they are putting on airs. Are unacceptable. Because this scare tactic is useless to the enemy, but only harmful to comrades. This kind of intimidation tactics is the usual means of the exploiting class and the rogue proletariat, and the proletariat does not need this means. The most sharp and effective weapon of the proletariat is only one, that is, the scientific attitude of serious fighting. * * * The proletariat does not eat by scaring people, but by seeking truth from facts. Eat by science. As for achieving fame and fortune by putting on airs, it is even more despicable, needless to say. In a word, when any organ makes a decision, gives instructions, and any comrade writes an article or makes a speech, it depends on the truth and usefulness of Marxism-Leninism. Only in this way can we win the revolution, and everything else is useless.

The third crime of stereotyped Party writing is: not looking at the target, shooting at the wrong target. A few years ago, on the wall of Yan' an, I saw such a slogan: "The workers and peasants unite and the anti-Japanese will win." The meaning of this slogan is not bad, but the worker's second I word has not been written all the time, but has turned two corners and written "-ㄣ-"."Where is the word? It says "[Man Yong]". There is no doubt that this comrade is a student of ancient literati, but it is somewhat puzzling that he wants to write it on the wall of Yan' an during the Anti-Japanese War. Probably what he meant was to swear not to be seen by ordinary people, otherwise it would be difficult to get an explanation. If you really want to do propaganda in party member, you must look at the target audience and think about your own articles and speeches. Otherwise, it means making up your mind not to be seen or listened to by others. Many people often think that what they write and say is well understood by others, but it is not the same thing at all, because what they write and say is stereotyped Party writing. Where can others understand it? The phrase "play the lute to a cow" contains the meaning of mocking the object. If we remove this meaning and put it into the meaning of respecting the object, it will leave the meaning of mocking playing the piano. Why don't you watch your partner play around? Besides, stereotyped Party writing, like the voice of an old crow, insists on shouting at the people. Shoot an arrow at the target, play the piano at the audience, write an article and make a speech without looking at the readers and audience. We can make friends with anyone. If you don't know each other's hearts and what they are thinking, can you still be bosom friends? People doing propaganda work, for ourselves?

The fourth charge of stereotyped Party writing is: language is tasteless, like a beggar (8). The little beggars in Shanghai are also very similar to our stereotyped Party writing, very dry and ugly. Wouldn't it be boring if an article and a speech were tossed and turned, always with nouns and a "student accent" without any lively language? No wonder we haven't contacted the masses, and the language is not rich and simple. But we are a revolutionary party, working for the masses. If you don't learn the language of the masses, you can't do it well. Now many of our comrades who do propaganda work don't learn languages. Their propaganda is boring. Not many people enjoy reading their articles; Not many people are willing to listen to their speeches. Why do we have to make great efforts to learn a language? Because language can't be learned casually, you have to work hard. First of all, we must learn the language from the people. People's vocabulary is very rich and vivid, showing real life. Many of us don't learn the language well, so when we write articles and make speeches, we don't have a few vivid and effective words, only rigid ones. Like a beggar, ugly, not like a healthy person. Second, we should learn what we need from foreign languages. We don't want to copy or abuse foreign languages, but to absorb what is good in foreign languages and what suits us. Because China's original vocabulary was not enough, many of our words are now absorbed from foreign countries. For example, at today's cadre meeting, I learned the word "cadre" from abroad. We should absorb more foreign new things, not only their progressive truth, but also their fresh words. Third, we should learn about the creatures in ancient languages. Because we didn't study hard, we didn't make full and reasonable use of many creatures in ancient languages. Of course, we are firmly opposed to using dead words and allusions, that's for sure. But good, still useful, should be inherited. At present, too many stereotyped Party writing people are unwilling to make efforts to learn useful things in folk, foreign and ancient languages. So the masses don't welcome their boring propaganda, and we don't need such lame and useless propagandists. What is a propagandist? Not only teachers are propagandists, but also journalists and literary writers are propagandists. All our cadres are also propagandists. Military commanders, for example, don't announce their intentions to the outside world, but they have to talk to soldiers and get in touch with the people. This is not propaganda. As long as one talks to others, one is doing propaganda work. As long as he is not dumb, he always has something to say. Therefore, all our comrades must learn languages.

The fifth charge of stereotyped Party writing is: Party A, Party B, Party D and opening a Chinese pharmacy. Go to the Chinese pharmacy, where there are many drawer grids on the medicine cabinet, and each grid is labeled with the names of Chinese angelica, prepared rehmannia root, rhubarb, mirabilite and so on. Our comrades have also learned this method. Writing articles, giving speeches, writing books and reports, the first is freshman, sophomore, junior and senior. Fortunately, the ancients and foreigners made many symbols for us, which made it easy for us to open a Chinese medicine shop. An article is full of these symbols, without asking questions, analyzing problems, solving problems and expressing what we agree or disagree with. After all, it is still a Chinese medicine shop, and there is nothing substantial. I'm not saying that the words A, B, C and D can't be used, but that the problem is handled in the wrong way. Now many comrades are enjoying this method of opening Chinese medicine shops. It is really the lowest, most childish and vulgar method. This method is a formalistic method, which classifies things according to their external signs, rather than their internal relations. Just according to their external signs, he used a lot of internally unrelated concepts and arranged them into an article, a speech or a report. In this way, he is playing a concept game himself and will also guide others to play such a game. People don't have to think about problems or the essence of things, but are satisfied with the phenomenon list of A, B, C and D. What is a problem is the contradiction of things. Where there are unresolved contradictions, there are problems. You always have to agree with the existing problems on the one hand and object to them on the other, so you have to ask. To raise a question, we must first make a general investigation and study on two basic aspects of the problem, namely contradiction, in order to find out what the essence of contradiction is. This is the process of finding the problem. A rough investigation and study can find and ask questions, but it can't solve them. Solving problems requires systematic and detailed investigation and study, which is the process of analysis. If you ask questions, you should also use analysis. Otherwise, you can't know that the problem is contradiction. The analysis process mentioned here refers to a systematic and thorough analysis process. Often problems are raised, but they can't be solved, because the internal relationship of things has not been exposed, and because the face of the problem is not clear without a systematic and thorough analysis process, it is impossible to do comprehensive work, so it is impossible to properly solve the problem. If an article or a speech is very important and enlightening, it is necessary to ask a question, then analyze and synthesize it. Pointing out the essence of the problem and giving the solution is not helpful to the formalist method. Because this naive, low-level, vulgar and mindless formalism method is very popular in our party, we must expose it so that we can learn to use Marxist methods to observe, ask, analyze and solve problems, do our work well and win our revolutionary cause.

The sixth charge of stereotyped Party writing is: Irresponsibility, harming people everywhere. What I said above, on the one hand, comes from naivety, on the other hand, is lack of responsibility. For example, we wash our faces every day, and many people wash them more than once. Look in the mirror after washing, and investigate them. (Laughter) We are afraid of anything inappropriate. You see, how responsible this is. We write articles and give speeches, and as long as we are as responsible as washing our faces, it's almost the same. Don't take out what we can't take out. You know, this will affect other people's thoughts and actions! It is not good for a person to wash his face for two days occasionally. There are one or two black spots on your face after washing, but there is no big danger. Writing an article is different from giving a speech. This is to influence people, but our comrades are casual. This is the so-called weight behind the horse. Many people can write articles and give speeches without prior research or preparation. After the article is written, it is like looking in the mirror after washing your face without reading it several times, and then it is published casually. The result is often "writing a thousand words, digressing Wan Li", which looks like a gifted scholar, but actually harms people everywhere. This bad habit of weak sense of responsibility must be corrected.

The seventh charge is: poisoning the whole party and obstructing the revolution. The eighth charge is: spread it out and bring disaster to the country and the people. These two items are self-evident. That is to say, if stereotyped Party writing is not reformed and allowed to develop, the result will be serious and may be very bad. Stereotyped Party writing contains subjectivism and sectarianism. If this poison spreads, it will harm the Party and the country.

The above eight articles are our denunciation of stereotyped Party writing.

Stereotyped Party writing is not only inconvenient to express the revolutionary spirit, but also very easy to stifle it. In order to carry forward the revolutionary spirit, we must abandon stereotyped Party writing and adopt a lively, fresh and powerful Marxist-Leninist style of writing. This style of writing has existed for a long time, but it has not been enriched and developed universally. After we destroy stereotyped Party writing and stereotyped Party writing, the new style of writing can be generally enriched and developed, and the party's revolutionary cause can move forward.

There are stereotyped Party writing not only in speeches and articles, but also in meetings. "One meeting, two reports, three discussions, four conclusions and five meetings rejected". If everyone has to follow this rigid procedure every time, isn't it stereotyped Party writing to make a "report" at the meeting place? It will often be "one international, two domestic, three border regions and four headquarters", which is always open from morning till night.

Now many people are advocating nationalization, scientification and popularization, which is very good. However, those who are "literate" are completely out of the question. Some people are preaching "culture", although they have not put it into practice at all! Therefore, I advise these comrades to do "a little" first and then "reform". Otherwise, they still can't get rid of dogmatism and stereotyped Party writing. This is called "high eyes but low heart, low ambition". For example, those who talk about fashion are actually a few people, so be very careful. If one day someone in the public meets him on the road, say to him, "Sir, please show me." You will form an army. If you are a person who not only advocates verbally, but also really wants to promote it, then you must learn from the people on the spot, otherwise you can't "promote". Some people who call for popularization every day can't even say three words of the people, which shows that they have not made up their minds to learn from the people. In fact, what he means is still a minority.

At the meeting, a booklet entitled "Publicity Guidelines" was distributed, which contained four articles. I implore comrades to read it several times.

The first article is taken from a brief reading of the history of the CPSU (Bolshevik) and tells how Lenin carried out propaganda. Among them, Lenin wrote leaflets: "Under the leadership of Lenin, the Petersburg' Working Class Liberation Struggle Association' began to combine socialism with the workers' movement for the first time in Russia. When a factory goes on strike, the' Struggle Association' goes through its own group. Immediately send out leaflets and issue a socialist declaration to respond. In these leaflets, the fact that factory owners mistreated workers was exposed, how workers should fight for their own interests and the demands of workers were stated. These leaflets reveal the real situation of the capitalist body, the poor life of workers, the excessive hard work of workers from 12 hours to 14 hours a day, and the fact that workers have no rights. Meanwhile, in these leaflets, they also revealed the truth.

It is "very familiar"! There is nothing to reveal!

At the end of 1894, Lenin, with the participation of worker Babushkin, wrote the first such encouraging leaflet and a letter to striking workers in Seminikov factory in Petersburg.

You should consult with comrades who are familiar with the situation when writing leaflets. Lenin wrote articles and did work on the basis of this investigation and study.

"Every leaflet like this has greatly inspired the spirit of the workers. Workers see socialists helping them and protecting them. " taxation

Are we in favor of Lenin? If so, we must work according to Lenin's spirit. Not aimless, not looking at the object; Nor is it self-righteous and boastful; We should do as Lenin did.

The second article is taken from dimitrov's report at the 7th International Congress. What did dimitrov say? He said: "You should learn to speak to the masses in the language of soldiers fighting for the cause of the masses, instead of using formulas in books. Every word and every thought of these soldiers reflects the thoughts and feelings of millions of people. "

"If we don't learn to say that the masses understand, then the masses can't understand our resolutions. We are not always good at speaking simply and concretely with images that are familiar and understood by the public. We haven't been able to get rid of those abstract formulas memorized. In fact, as long as you look at our leaflets, newspapers, resolutions and outlines, you will know that these things are often written in such a language, so difficult to understand.

How's this? It is a fact that stereotyped Party writing is common in China and abroad. (Laughter) But we must solve our own problems as soon as possible according to Comrade dimitrov's instructions.

"Each of us should seriously understand the following minimum rule and regard it as a law, a Bolshevik law: when you write or speak, you always want to make every ordinary worker understand, believe your call and be determined to follow you. Think about why you are writing and who you are talking to. " ⑾

This is a prescription for treatment given to us by * * * International, and we must abide by it. This is the "rule"!

The third article, selected from the Complete Works of Lu Xun, is a letter from Lu Xun to Beidou magazine about how to write an article. What did he say? He listed eight rules for writing articles, and now I'll take out a few.

Rule 1: "Pay attention to all kinds of things, read more, and write if you don't see them."

It's "all kinds of attention", not the same thing. It's about "seeing more", not just half an eye. Why don't we just read a little and write, just the opposite of him?

Article 2: "If you can't write, don't write hard."

Since I know that there is nothing in my mind, why not "write hard" without investigating and studying? This is an irresponsible attitude.

Article 4: "Read it at least twice after writing, and try to delete unnecessary words, sentences and paragraphs. This is not a pity. I would rather reduce the materials that can be used as novels into sketches than pull them into novels. "

Confucius advocated "thinking" [13], and Han Yu also said "thinking is doing" [13], which is an ancient thing. Now the problem is very complicated, and it is not enough to think about some things three or four times. Lu Xun said "read it at least twice", but didn't say at most. I might as well read it more than ten times and carefully delete it before publishing it. Carelessness in this article means that you don't know the minimum knowledge of making a fuss. ........................