What's the difference between predicative and adverbial?

I read some grammar books systematically in middle school and expressed some simple views on the difference between predicative and adverbial.

I. Definition

Predicate describes the identity, nature, character, characteristics and state of the subject. Predicate is located after copula and closely related to copula. There is a predicate when there is a copula, and there is a copula when there is a predicate. It is usually acted by nouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases, infinitives, gerunds and clauses. If the predicate of a sentence is also affected by a sentence, then the sentence that acts as a predicate is called a predicate sentence, and the predicate is a sentence component that plays an expressive role.

For example:

I'm fine. (fine is an adjective, as a predicative)

He is a boy. (Boy is a noun, as a predicative)

Five plus two equals seven. (7) Numerals as predicative)

We are here. (here is an adverb, as a predicative)

He is not at home. At home is a prepositional phrase as a predicative.

My hobby is reading. (Reading is gerund and predicative)

Our responsibility is to improve our environment.

Adverbial (adv for short) is an important modifier of a sentence, which is located before the predicate head.

Adverbials modify and restrict the predicate head from three aspects: situation, time and place, which have different functions in different languages. Chinese adverbial is a combined component in front of verbs or adjectives, which is used to modify and restrict verbs or adjectives, indicating the state, manner, time, place or degree of action.

Adverbials generally take adverbs, prepositional phrases, participles and participle phrases, nouns, infinitives or words or phrases equivalent to adverbs. Its position is usually placed at the end of a sentence, but it can also be placed at the beginning or in a sentence.

Adverbials are words used to modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs or the whole sentence, explaining concepts such as time, place, degree and way.

Adverbs are generally used as adverbials in sentences.

He speaks English very well. He speaks English very well.

Among them, "hen" is an adverbial of degree, which is used to modify "very good" and "very good" is an adverbial of degree to modify "speaking".

2. infinitives can be used as adverbials of purpose in sentences.

I came to see you specially. I came to see you.

3. Preposition phrases

Ten years ago, she started living in Dalian.

She began to live in Dalian ten years ago.

The boy was praised for his bravery.

The boy was praised for his bravery.

4. Clauses as adverbials

/kloc-When she was 0/2 years old, she began to live in Dalian.

She/kloc-started living in Dalian at the age of 0/2.

If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.

If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.

5. Participle as adverbial

After quarreling with his wife, he left home in a rage.

He left home angrily because he quarreled with his wife.

Suppressed in one direction, it now looks like the Mississippi River is about to turn in the other direction.

It seems that the Mississippi River will change direction because it is blocked in one direction.

6. Nouns as adverbials

We'll get together again one day.

We will meet again one day.

We should serve the people heart and soul.

We should serve wholeheartedly.

Second, discrimination.

Adverbials modify or restrict predicate verbs, which can refer to the above analysis. Such as "arrived today". However, it should be noted that a sentence (or a paragraph, which is not defined by a period here) can have many verbs, but the predicate verb can only have one. For example, "Teacher Zhang, who just arrived yesterday, swept our teaching building with a broom today" has only one predicate verb "sweep".

Predicates are auxiliary verbs (not complements, that is, not complements), such as be or can in English, and other verbs that cannot be predicated alone. They need to form predicates together with predicates (note that predicates here are not just verbs).

Some people often confuse predicate and object. Predicate and object are two concepts. Predicate is an auxiliary verb, which forms a predicate together with a verb (such as be in English). The object is the object of the predicate action, which consists of an attribute and an object head (word). The category of predicative is smaller than that of object, and they are totally unequal.

To put it more directly, can your adjective take on an action as an object?

Generally speaking, a sentence without a predicate is an incomplete sentence (ellipsis due to sentence patterns and other reasons does not count, because there is no ellipsis). If a sentence has no predicate, then the high probability of the sentence is meaningless.

PS:

"Is he Xiao Li?"

"Yes, he is."

Some people will ask, isn't the "yes" of "he is" a separate predicate? In fact, "he is" is an ellipsis sentence, omitting the predicate, and its complete form should be "he is Xiao Li". English has the habit of omitting some sentences.