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Problem description:

Guanzhong people, customs, etc.

Analysis:

Guanzhong baiguai

In the embrace of the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau, there is an ancient and magical plain, where the land is fertile, the products are rich, the weather is favorable, and the drought and flood are guaranteed. It is more than 0/00 km wide from north to south and 400 km long from east to west. Eight hundred Li is called Qinchuan, and this is Guanzhong.

History can be traced back to 5000 years ago, when Emperor Yan and Huangdi started the greatest beginning of the Chinese nation. It was here that the Zhou Dynasty was established. The first emperor swept Liuhe and established the Qin Dynasty here. Chu and Han fought for hegemony and established the Han Dynasty here. The flourishing age of the Tang Dynasty pushed Chinese civilization to the highest peak in the world. Every inch of land here is condensed with heavy historical accumulation and many mysteries and mysteries.

Drinking in a big bowl is not cheating.

Objectively speaking, the capacity for drinking of Guanzhong people is not outstanding. The east is not as good as Henan people, and the north is not as good as northern Shaanxi people and Mongolian ancients. Even compared with Hanzhong people in the south, Guanzhong people may not have an advantage. However, because Guanzhong people are honest and frank, they are not good at words. Therefore, he drinks whatever you say. You dare to say that 65,438+00 glasses of wine per person may not be finished at all, but as long as you keep your voice, 65,438+00 glasses of wine will be poured into his stomach. However, the people in Guanzhong will not tolerate you cheating and playing tricks on him, although you may have no malice. I have encountered such a thing. Several hard-working villages in Guanzhong visited and studied somewhere in the south and were warmly welcomed. When drinking, you pushed me and let me, and finally decided to propose a toast to everyone. Guanzhong people didn't say anything, and their necks bottomed out. And several local guests played a glib tongue, and with their glib tongue, they actually occupied Li Er. Guanzhong man can't stand such a cowardly spirit. He took a sip of the bottle, then turned around, pulled the local people up from their chairs, pressed them to the ground, and forced them to pour the wine, which scared several hosts' faces. Therefore, drinking with Guanzhong people is best not to violate the gentleman's agreement.

There are food stalls along the road.

People who have been to Xi 'an will never forget Xi 'an snacks, especially the night market. During the day, the road is bright and there is nothing. At night, there will be hundreds of food stalls, and a wide road will be crowded with small lights, which will form a sea of lights. There are mainly water fish, mashed melon seeds, noodles, jiaozi, oil-sprinkled noodles, buckwheat noodles and other Guanzhong snacks in the night market. Together with all kinds of snacks in Guanzhong, they form two camps of the night market. The night market is cheap and affordable, and has a strong local flavor, so it has a strong appeal to foreign guests and Xi citizens. Even young people who talk about it regard eating night markets as an indispensable part of their love. Except Xi 'an, almost all towns and places in Guanzhong have night markets. Become a food culture with obvious regional characteristics. In fact, the rural night market in Guanzhong has a history of thousands of years long before the appearance of urban night, but in different ways. At present, the oldest form of night market is still used in rural areas of Guanzhong, that is, women and men who work in the fields during the day become the owners of food stalls for festivals and funerals under the stage, but the varieties are nothing more than oil cakes, fermented grains and twist, which are very fresh despite their few and simple varieties. The location of stalls is generally in crowded places, which often hinders the flow of people and increases the lively atmosphere. In retrospect, this is the source of the most authentic Guanzhong night market.

Everyone has buried his reputation.

Because of its profound historical and cultural accumulation, Guanzhong is rich in cultural relics and historical sites, and many wizards and experts are buried at the same time. For example, in my hometown of hua county, there is a calligrapher named Wu, who has never been known by anyone in his decades of life. People around him only know that he can write. When I was a child, I was catching up with the "Cultural Revolution". Holding a lime bucket in one hand and a brush in the other, he wrote slogans along the wall. We followed him to the bucket and played on the playground. No one can imagine how good his writing is. Until the end of the Cultural Revolution, several great calligraphers in a city's calligraphy and painting collection accidentally saw a picture of Wu Lao's "Drawing on the Capital Construction of Farmland Water Conservancy" and were immediately impressed by the exquisite calligraphy art with extremely high fingering. Several experts made a special trip to Shaanxi, and went to Wu's hometown, eager to get a kind of calligraphy ink to avoid political tendency and keep it in the museum forever. Unfortunately, Wu Lao refused to write. Later, someone showed Wu Lao's ink at the book fair, but the result was the best. Even many first-class calligraphers lamented themselves. It's a pity that Wu will never know how high his level is, just as the blind will never know that his "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" will become a swan song. There are countless masters like this in Guanzhong. When you go to live in the countryside, you may meet painters, doctors, craftsmen, literary historians, Shaanxi opera singers and so on at any time. Their level is often beyond people's expectation. It's perfect to describe Guan Zhong as an outstanding person and a wizard.

Four squares in Jiayuan town

Agriculture is like gardening.

Guanzhong people's carefulness in farming and carelessness in life just form a strong contrast. When I came to Guanzhong, I stood at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains. I climbed high and looked far, and I could see the land of Qinchuan as endless as a mirror. All roads, all ridges, cut the fertile land in order. This is of course related to the ingenuity of nature, but it is also inseparable from the meticulous trimming of generations of Guanzhong people. Generally, agricultural work in Guanzhong area is busy only in summer and autumn, and people are more at leisure all winter. Guanzhong people are not good at going out to do things and doing business, so they put almost all their energy and thoughts on farmland. When leveling the land, they carefully made it. When plowing, they don't even need a plow. They thought the land was not easy to cultivate, so they plowed it shovel by shovel. After ploughing, they apply base fertilizer, and then beat the ridge with a rope, just like a flower bed, which is very suitable for crop growth. After sowing seeds, they are also very serious about crop growth management, whether it is watering, fertilization or seedling grafting, everything is meticulous. As time goes by, they not only know every inch of land like the back of their hands, but also know almost every crop they grow.

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Brief introduction of Guan zhong

Shaanxi has been called Sanqin since the Han Dynasty. When the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty destroyed the Qin Dynasty, he divided the Qin Dynasty into three parts and became the fiefs of three kings with different surnames. This is the earliest origin of Sanqin appellation, but now Sanqin appellation has jumped away from this concept.

From the map, there is a belt that divides Shaanxi into three parts from the middle, northern Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi. The middle area is Guanzhong Highway, which is 800 miles long and full of people.

Guanzhong Road was cut off, and three places with different languages and customs were broken. Northern Shaanxi is adjacent to Shanxi and Gansu, and its language and customs are somewhat the same as those of these two provinces. There are many examples in Xintianyou, such as "Shandandan is full of flowers". The voice in northern Shaanxi is nasal, but there are some sliding sounds at the end, which sounds like singing a letter.

Southern Shaanxi borders Sichuan and Henan, and the language of southern Shaanxi has become a mixed sound of Shaanxi, Henan and Sichuan provinces, so people in southern Shaanxi almost think they are from Henan or Sichuan. The customs is also far from Guanzhong Road.

Guanzhong people used to call their fellow villagers "township parties", but they never regarded the people in these two places as township parties. Among the appellations of Guanzhong people, those in northern Shaanxi are called "Northern Mountain Wolf" and those in southern Shaanxi are called "Nanshan Monkey". Although these two appellations have some derogatory elements, they also appropriately express the character and living environment of the people in these two places.

In Shaanxi, no matter what disaster happens, only people in Guanzhong have not gone out to escape, except those who rarely make a living. People from northern Shaanxi go to Xikou, people from southern Shaanxi go to Tongguan to dig coal, and only Guanzhong people are guarding their homes.

This has a lot to do with the topography of Guanzhong. There is no big river in Guanzhong-Ma Pingchuan, so there is no flood. But this river can just irrigate the land, so there is no drought. Although Guanzhong Road is located at the junction of loess plateau plate and Weibei plain plate, it is a frequent place for earthquakes, but God loves Guanzhong. These two plates are probably the most stable plates in the world. Since historical records, a major earthquake occurred in the Ming Dynasty, which moved the Weihe River to the north by two meters. It has been stable before and after. When the Tangshan earthquake affected Guanzhong Road, it only shook my grandmother twice on the loom.

Guanzhong passers-by are not good at doing business, which is related to the fertile land in Guanzhong Road.

The land in Guanzhong Road is also composed of loess, but the loess in Guanzhong Road is much stronger than that in northern Shaanxi. The yellow dust blown from the desert falls in northern Shaanxi, and the small one falls in Guanzhong Road, because the wind becomes smaller. The loess in southern Shaanxi is very thin, because the high Qinling Mountains prevent the loess from drifting. Therefore, there are many loess in northern Shaanxi, but it is difficult to grow crops. One reason is that there is too much loess piled up there, and the groundwater is buried deep under the loess, so there is less irrigation and more loss.

The land in Guanzhong Road is delicate. When I walked to the edge of the ground, I grabbed the loess, squeezed it hard, and opened my palm. It looked like wet flour in my hand.

Guanzhong Road is fertile, so I broke a wicker to water it. When I went to see it in a few days, it slowly grew new green leaves. This is an exaggeration, but the fertility of the land is true.

Such fertile land determines that Taoist priests in Guanzhong can have plenty of food and clothing without running around in the long-term agricultural society in the past. Therefore, Taoist priests in Guanzhong are more kind, less ruthless and less elegant. Therefore, Taoist priests who have suffered these hardships also call people in these two places "northern wolves and southern monkeys".

The fertility of the land determines that Guanzhong Road has become a big granary in the west, and it has also become the target of victims in disaster years in various provinces. Sichuan is also a granary, but the high Qinling Mountains block the two soft legs of the hungry victims. After entering Tongguan, the road in Guanzhong is a Ma Pingchuan, so it is easy for victims to enter Guanzhong.

These victims have not left after years of disasters. The right one should be the right son-in-law, and the one who marries Guanzhong should be the daughter-in-law, and gradually become proud of Guanzhong. Guanzhong people are more tolerant and kind because they accept these victims all the year round. Don't despise or despise these outsiders.

These kind people are often used by some wicked people. They are idle and don't like to work, so they pretend to be beggars. They lied to the old ladies in Guanzhong with runny noses and tears. Those kind-hearted old people cried like tears and rushed home. They just took out some big white steamed buns for him. If it is a meal, it goes without saying that they will call that person home and become a guest. In several provinces bordering Shaanxi, there is not a province where people do not know the prosperity of Guanzhong, and there is not a province where people are not favored by Guanzhong.

Have an indissoluble bond with Guan Zhong. Because of the mother river, these gypsies in China wander all the year round. Where there are people from China, there are people from Henan. In the world, apart from Henan Province, the most people from Henan are Guanzhong Road. There is a novel called "The Yellow River flows eastward", which describes the process when the Yellow River burst and Henan people fled to Guanzhong.

However, people from other provinces rarely escape from the desert. People in Shanxi, Gansu and Ningxia all know that Guanzhong Road has good land, abundant wheat and little labor. In the busy farming season every year, a large number of people walk eastward along the ancient Silk Road, which is now spectacular. They have sickles on their shoulders, empty tobacco bags around their waists and empty sacks on their backs. When I got home, except for the short sickle, all the empty ones became solid, and of course, I had more money in my pocket. Guanzhong people are used to adding a guest word after someone's occupation to address this person. One is the title, and the other is to directly point out the person's occupation. For example, cooking is called "Shaoshao" guest, and making tofu is called "Tofu Guest". These people who come to Guanzhong to collect wheat are called "Mike" by Guanzhong people.

Every June in the solar calendar, Guanzhong Road is crowded with these customers selling wheat. Generally, these wheat customers cut in the easternmost part of Guanzhong Road and go west, because the wheat in Guanzhong Road is cooked from east to west. These wheat customers have cut to the west of Guanzhong Road, and the wheat in Guanzhong Road has also been cut, which is very close to their home. So they picked up the sickle, looked enviously at the rich Guanzhong, counted the money in their pockets, and went back with the sickle. Usually, many people come to Mike, but few people go back, because there are few people in Guanzhong Road. Young and thin Mike is recruited as a long-term worker by some employers with more land and labor at home, or he marries his beautiful daughter and makes him his half-son. Of course, he will open the door. There are eight monsters in Guanzhong, one of which is "women don't keep outward". Not closing the door to the outside world does not mean not marrying foreigners, but staying in Guanzhong Road. Who wants to leave such fertile land? These Mike people have enriched themselves after helping the Taoist priests in Guanzhong. This also left many stories for Guanzhong Road. People in Guanzhong Road say that we will know the world without going out!

Since ancient times, people around Guanzhong have been the beneficiaries of Guanzhong people. When Guanzhong people saw this, they were too lazy to go out. "Wives and dolls are hot kangtou" is the highest pursuit of most people in Guanzhong.

It was not until 1980s that China was transforming from an agricultural society to an industrial society, and the people in Guanzhong really fell behind the people of the whole country. The biggest reason for this backwardness is that Guanzhong Road has been well-fed for a long time. After a long period of food and clothing, people will become lazy and enterprising. Guan Zhong has a saying that "a nest of gold and silver is not as good as one's own kennel", which is the embodiment of this thought.

Guanzhong people can't get out. They miss their wives, children, their father and mother within a month, their cows and land. They really want to go home. Those who work outside would rather quit their jobs for a few months and go straight to the kang.

So people in Guanzhong today are not worried about food and clothing, but they are very poor. However, in recent years, the thoughts of Taoist priests in Guanzhong have also changed greatly, transforming most of the previous pure agriculture into cash crops, planting a large number of apple trees and gradually gaining some living funds. However, it still revolves around its own land and does not have much commitment.

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Eight eccentrics in Guanzhong

In fact, when it comes to Guan Zhong, there is no need to say anything superfluous. As long as the eight eccentrics are made clear, the customs and habits in Guanzhong will be obvious.

1. Wife and father put it on their heads.

It turns out that Shaanxi is rich in cotton, and locals are used to wearing handkerchiefs made of cotton on their heads. It has seven functions: it can be used to prevent wind, dust, rain and sun, and it can also be used to wipe sweat, hands and bags, which is both economical and affordable.

2. Every house is half covered and half covered.

What is a semi-cover? Generally, the roofs of houses are herringbone, but the houses in Shaanxi are only a small part of the herringbone. It is said that because of the drought and lack of rain in Shaanxi, such a house can let all the precious rain flow to its own fields, which is the so-called "rich water does not flow to outsiders."

3. Sit down on the bench.

It is said that men in Guanzhong have an "old bowl party" together for three meals a day, and this squat is more than an hour.

Noodles are as wide as belts.

5. The pot helmet is too big to match the pot cover.

6. A dish with spicy oil.

People in the northwest are more rude, which can be seen from the diet alone. Among the eight eccentrics, "noodles are as wide as a belt", "a pot helmet is as big as a pot cover" and "spicy rape" are a summary of a special image.

7. Qin cavity is roaring.

8. Big girls are not open to the outside world

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About the customs of Guanzhong, you can also come here to have a look ~

Shaanxi /sx_into/sqcf/index