Civil Aviation History and Culture

1. The relationship between aviation and tourism culture

Tourism culture can be divided into traditional tourism culture and modern tourism culture. The former mainly includes tourists and tourism landscape culture; the latter adds Tourism culture and cultural communication.

1 Tourism service art, color science, and dietetics. (You can look at travel etiquette, such as the difference in domestic and Singapore airline services, etc.)

2 The modern tourism phenomenon is actually a phenomenon based on spiritual and cultural needs and enjoyment, involving economic, political and social issues. , international exchanges and other comprehensive public activities. . (Airplanes are the choice of many domestic and foreign friends, and they spend a long time on airplanes, so the construction and development of aviation also have the function of promoting economic, political, social, and international exchanges)

China Tourism Industry In order to achieve greater development and stand among the world's tourism powers, we must attach great importance to the construction of tourism culture, deeply explore the connotation of tourism culture, create a tourism cultural atmosphere, and establish a tourism culture system with Chinese characteristics to provide a better foundation for the tourism industry. Development provides services and guidance. Tourism culture is the indispensable cultural heritage and soul of China's tourism industry, and is the key to China's tourism industry maintaining Chinese characteristics and improving international competitiveness. 2. Chinese aviation history

The working people of ancient China tried to fly into the sky many times but failed.

The Chinese bamboo dragonfly is the predecessor of aircraft propellers and helicopter rotors. After being introduced to Europe, it has been known as the "Chinese top".

The principles of kites and gliders are similar, and kites were used in the military during the Tang Dynasty of my country. During the Five Dynasties, Xin Qiniang made resin lamps and flew them in the air as signals.

There are books that Zhuge Kongming invented the Kongming Lantern. In any case, the original hot air balloon appeared in our country.

The invention of gunpowder was used in the military in ancient times to create two-stage rockets such as the God Fire Flying Crow and the Fire Dragon Water, which are the predecessors of modern rockets. The "mattress incense burner" of the Han Dynasty had built-in burning incense, which would not spill out no matter how it was rolled.

The principle is exactly the same as the principle of the gimbal in the gyroscopes used in aircraft and missiles today. Among the early aircraft, Feng Ru, a young man living in the United States, was my country's first aviation pioneer.

At the age of 12, he drifted from Guangdong to San Francisco, studying while working, and eventually became an engineer. In 1906, 23-year-old Feng Ru was determined to build an airplane, and with the encouragement and support of Sun Yat-sen, he built a biplane in 1910. In October of the same year, he participated in the international airplane competition held in San Francisco, flying at a height of 200 meters and a speed of 100 kilometers per hour. He flew a circle around the bay, a distance of about 30 kilometers. His performance was the best in the competition and he won the International Aviation Association Certificate of Merit.

The United States scrambled to recruit people to teach flying skills, but Feng Ru declined all invitations and returned to his motherland resolutely. In January 1911, the "Guangdong Aircraft Company" was established in Guangzhou.

Unfortunately, during a flight demonstration in 1913, the plane stalled and fell to his death. He was 28 years old at the time. Like a beautiful dandelion, he scatters flying seeds on the land of his motherland.

Another overseas Chinese youth at the same time, 21-year-old Tan Gen, won the seaplane championship at the International Aircraft Manufacturing Conference. A performance in Guangzhou in June 1915 broke the seaplane flight altitude record, flying to an altitude of 1,800 meters.

Aviation activities were later abandoned. Beiyang *** established an aviation school in Nanyuan, Beijing, in 1913, with an attached aircraft repair shop.

Later, a repair shop was set up in Qinghe. In 1914, Pan Shizhong, director of Nanyuan Aircraft Repair Factory, and Li Ru, flight instructor, each designed and built an aircraft.

The aircraft designed and manufactured by Pan Shizhong had the engine mounted on the rear of the fuselage and a machine gun on the nose, so it was named "Gun Car". But there is no mass production.

The cultivation of aviation engineering talents in old China began in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. At that time, a small number of foreign students went overseas to study aviation technology. The number gradually increased after the 1930s, and by the 1940s there were nearly a thousand people.

There are many academically accomplished people among the international students. Wang Zhu, who served as an aircraft designer at the start-up of Boeing Company in the United States and later returned to China to run an aviation factory, used Karman in the aerodynamic design of high-subsonic aircraft. -Qian Xuesen, one of the founders of Qian Xuesen's formula, and Wu Zhonghua, who founded the ternary flow theory of impeller machinery.

The earliest school to train aviation engineering talents was the Naval Flying and Submarine School established in Mawei, Fujian in 1918.

After the 1930s, Peiyang University, Central University, Xiamen University, Tsinghua University, Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, Yunnan University, Sichuan University, and Northwestern Polytechnical Institute successively established departments of aeronautical engineering. By the end of 1949, there were about 1,000 graduates from the aviation department.

Later, the Aeronautical and Astronautical University was established to cultivate specialized talents. From 1913, when the Qing Dynasty set up a factory in Nanyuan, Beijing, to 1949, there was no aviation industry that established an independent industrial sector.

In the late 1940s, it was mainly engaged in aircraft repair. In 1950, Premier Zhou convened to study the construction of the aviation industry. The aircraft repair shops during the war laid a solid foundation for the development of China's aviation industry.

In 1953, the first batch of key enterprises were established, namely Nanchang Aircraft Factory, Zhuzhou Engine Factory, Shenyang Aircraft Factory, and Shenyang Aviation Engine Factory. The first domestic aircraft, Chujiao 5, completed its test flight on July 11, 1954, and mass production began at the end of August.

Development of the J-5 began in February 1955. The first test flight took off on July 19 of the following year. The test flight ended on August 2. On September 9, China announced to the world that China's new jet aircraft was available. In 1956, he tried to design his own aircraft and first built a supersonic wind tunnel.

The design of the JJ-6 was completed in May 1958, the first test flight was completed in August, and the qualification test flight was completed in December 1960. The following year, it was switched to domestic engines and put into mass production. This was the first aircraft to be successfully designed and put into mass production entirely on its own.

By 1960, China's aviation industry had begun to take shape and was able to mass-produce fighters, trainers, helicopters and small transport aircraft, and began to design its own. On July 5, 1969, the self-designed high-altitude and high-speed fighter J-8 successfully made its first flight.

The final assembly of the J-8I was completed in May 1980. The test flight failed on June 25. It flew into the sky on April 24 of the following year, and the second aircraft took to the sky in October. It was approved for finalization on July 27, 1985. The aircraft is equipped with 11 electronic equipment such as 204 full radar; the weapons are modified 23-III aerial cannon, 4 Thunderbolt 2B missiles, and 4 sets of rockets.

The successful development of the J-8 and J-8I aircraft marks that China's self-designed fighter aircraft has reached a new level. In June 1984, the self-developed J-8II aircraft made its first flight and became a new generation fighter aircraft.

The heart of the aircraft - aero-engine. Piston 5, piston 6, turbojet 5, turbojet 7 and turbojet 8 engines are all trial-produced based on the technical data provided by the former Soviet Union. The first self-designed engine, the 1A, was completed by Wu Daguan and Yu Guangyu of the Shenyang Aviation Engine Design Office in 1957 and put into use the following year.

Subsequently, the Hongqi 2 engine was also designed and installed on the Dongfeng 107 high-altitude supersonic fighter; the turbojet 6-armor was installed on the Qiang-5I attack aircraft; the power plant of the turbojet 7-armor-J-8 was designed, and in 1985 it was The J-8 aircraft also won the National Science and Technology Progress Special Award. Guizhou Aviation Engine Chief designed the turbojet 7B, which was mass-produced and exported in 1982. The Beijing Aeronautical Institute designed the turbojet 11, which was installed on the No-Detective 5 high-altitude unmanned camera reconnaissance aircraft. It passed the appraisal in 1980, filling a gap.

Turboprop engines are helicopter power plants. The use of turboshaft engines made it possible to design large helicopters.

Since the mid-1960s, it has developed and produced turbine 5, turboshaft 6, and turbine 8 engines. China's aviation industry has gone through three stages: repair, imitation, and self-design.

Bombers, attack aircraft, and drones have all completed their own designs. The bombers include the H-5 and its modifications, the H-6, and the attack aircraft include the Q-5 and its modifications.

Airborne system equipment Airborne systems include traditional navigation instruments, navigation and positioning equipment, flight control systems, power systems, environmental control systems, protection and life-saving systems, fire control systems and suspended launchers, and hydraulics. 3. What are the three important elements of civil aviation culture

Civil aviation corporate culture should be "people-oriented". The sincere service of service personnel cannot be separated from the cornerstone of corporate culture. To a certain extent, what kind of Corporate culture determines the level of service.

Therefore, in order to achieve sincere service, civil aviation enterprises must have a cultural atmosphere of sincere service.

Providing sincere service to passengers is not a simple slogan or a form, but can be reflected in providing sincere service to passengers during the service process.

How to implement sincere service in the service process is something every civil aviation colleague needs to think about. The author believes that this sincere service focuses on three key points.

First, the moment when the service staff comes into contact with the passengers, the verbal and non-verbal language of the service staff at this moment of contact should show to the passengers that they are willing to serve the passengers enthusiastically, so that the passengers can feel the service staff's sincerity. Warmth and friendliness. Second, passengers come to us when they have difficulties and needs, or when we see that passengers have difficulties and needs, this is when passengers need services or help the most.

For passengers’ difficulties and needs, service staff should take the initiative to show our care and help, care and concern for passengers, and help them solve their problems or difficulties in a timely manner, so that passengers can deeply feel that we Sincere service. Third, during the service process, individual passengers will inevitably misunderstand us, or even not understand us; it is inevitable that they will encounter passengers who are rude and behave in an uncivilized manner. This requires service personnel to be tolerant and inclusive, and to influence passengers with sincerity, so that passengers can Really appreciate our sincere service. 4. What aspects does civil aviation corporate culture include?

In the conflict and blending of old and new corporate cultures, only companies that have the courage to innovate the old culture can comprehensively improve the corporate cultural ideology to adapt to the new economic environment. Get stronger vitality.

Corporate culture is the driving force for corporate success. It includes the values, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and practices of corporate members. It is the vision, values ??and other essential characteristics of the company that are shared by most employees of the company. sum. Corporate culture not only has the function of internal guidance, cohesion and standardization, but more importantly, it also has the function of improving the company's operating performance and casting brand belief. The ultimate goal of corporate culture is to make the company operate sustainably and have an everlasting foundation. Therefore, corporate culture must change with the changes of the times. Only through innovation can it develop and successfully transform intangible value into tangible and measurable goals, thereby comprehensively improving corporate efficiency. 5. History of Aircraft

Since the Wright brothers made their first powered flight in 1903, it only took more than 70 years for humans to break through the stratosphere and enter outer space.

To this day, no surface in the world is safe from the prying eyes of satellites. Leonardo da Vinci's dreams and visions became reality.

Human beings are warlike creatures. It only took eight years from the realization of the beautiful dream of flying freely in the air to the death of the god of death. The first real air combat was only three years later.

With the advancement of science and technology, steam engines, electric motors, internal combustion engines and other power devices have come out one after another, and the source of power for balloons has been solved. As a result, people launched a comprehensive study on flying balloons-airships.

In 1852, French engineer Giffard conducted research. In September of the same year, Giffard conducted its first test flight and was successful.

Subsequent tests revealed that there were many problems with the airship. The airbags of the airship were not only difficult to maintain a constant shape, but were also easily damaged. So, someone came up with the idea of ??fixing a ring-shaped keel inside the air bag and succeeded.

This is a semi-rigid airship. Later, a flying enthusiast in Germany used wooden materials to make an external bracket for the airship airbag, and fixed the airbag in the bracket to maintain its shape, thus creating a rigid airship.

This improvement not only completely solves the problem of maintaining the shape of the airbag, but also facilitates the transportation of the airship. This structure gradually became the standard airship style in the future.

At the end of 1885, German engineer Benz and Daimler jointly invented a practical gasoline engine, giving mankind a power device with greater thrust. Since then, the development of aircraft has been faster and faster.

In 1898, Germany's Zeppelin designed and built a rigid airship for the first time. This kind of airship uses a structurally complete skeleton to maintain the shape of the airbag, and uses a piston engine as power, so it has good flight performance and a large load capacity.

In 1900, Zeppelin caused a sensation when he successfully flew over Lake Constance in his huge rigid airship. In 1903, the French LeBaudy brothers built the world's first truly practical airship.

The airship flew 61 kilometers on November 12 of the same year.

Since then, the development of balloons and airships has entered its heyday and been widely used in the military and transportation fields.

In terms of military affairs, Germany, France, Russia, Britain and other countries have successively established airship troops and introduced airships to the battlefield. For example, in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911, Italy used three airships for the first time to conduct reconnaissance and bombing against Turkey; on August 5, 1914, Germany used Berlin airships to massively bomb the French fortress city of Liege; a year later, Germany dispatched five more LZ-38 Zeppelin airships to bomb London across the English Channel; killing 7 people and injuring more than 30 people, causing a "Zeppelin" panic among the British.

In terms of transportation, Germany established a regular airship air route between Frankfurt and Dusseldorf on June 28, 1910. Flying on this route is the LZ-7 Zeppelin airship, which can carry 24 passengers and 12 aircrew and can fly at a speed of more than 70 kilometers per hour.

In 1912, a Zeppelin flew around the world for the first time in 20 days. On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers conducted the first powered, controllable sustained flight test in human history.

During the test, the aircraft successfully flew a distance of about 260 meters. The Wright brothers' breakthrough was widely reported in the press.

However, this success has not attracted the attention and recognition of the American government and the public. European countries simply expressed disbelief.

Nine days after the Wright brothers' successful flight, an aircraft developed by Langley crashed during a test flight. This incident further affected the promotion of the aircraft. Americans generally attacked the development of aircraft as a waste of taxpayers' money.

The Wright brothers were disappointed that their years of hard work had not been recognized, and they even wanted to say goodbye to the aircraft. After a period of calm thinking, the Wright brothers decided to continue the development work.

They firmly believe that sooner or later their results will be fairly evaluated. In order not to arouse public criticism, the Wright brothers turned the development work into secret.

In 1905, they built an airplane that could stay in the air for more than half an hour. The Wright brothers planned to give the aircraft to the United States government, but the authorities continued to ignore their achievements.

The frustrated Wright brothers had no choice but to temporarily suspend their research on aircraft. Promoted by the achievements of the Wright brothers, the aviation industry in Europe, especially France, made significant progress in 1909.

In August of this year, Reims, France hosted a grand flight ***, and European pilots successively set various flight records. However, it was the French pilot Louis Blériot who shocked the world.

He successfully flew a plane across the English Channel and landed in Great Britain. This incident not only left a deep impression on the world public, but also shocked the British: they realized some sudden danger.

The development of aircraft made them foresee that it would no longer be possible to ensure the security of their country simply by relying on maritime defense forces. The continuous development of the aviation industry has made the military authorities of various countries realize the development prospects of aviation in the military field. Various powerful countries in Europe began to collect a variety of aircraft for use by the army.

However, the aircraft at this time were mainly used for reconnaissance, and most of the aircraft development work was carried out by private individuals, so progress was quite slow. In Germany, people's interest was mainly focused on the huge Zeppelin airship, because previous public donations allowed Zeppelin to continue to work on the development of airships as a pioneer, and finally proved to the Germans that this airship was practical. value.

In the other two major aviation countries, France and the United Kingdom, aircraft began to receive more attention. However, soldiers are eager to use this new weapon in war.

Although aircraft still have many problems at this time, and even often bring some disastrous consequences, soldiers whose profession itself is full of dangers cannot take into account so many. As a result, the aircraft made its first appearance in the Italian-Turkish War.

By the outbreak of World War I, although aviation was still in its infancy, aircraft had already shown its extraordinary role and broad development prospects in practice.

The weapons and equipment on aircraft have gradually evolved from pistols and grenades to machine guns and bombs.

The war that followed. 6. History of China’s aviation

China’s general aviation industry has huge development potential. General aircraft is the general name for all aircraft used in civil aviation activities except scheduled passenger, cargo and other public air transport aircraft. China’s “ In the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006--2010), the development of general aircraft has been included in the major projects of high-tech industrial projects. Li Daming, director of the Xi'an General Aircraft Research Institute, told reporters that there are as many as 140 categories of industries related to general aviation, which play a driving role in economic development that cannot be ignored. According to the forecast of China's civil aviation department, China will need 10,000 to 12,000 general aviation aircraft of various types from 2002 to 2012. China's general aviation development space is huge. General aviation and the industries it drives will form a market capacity of more than 1 trillion yuan. At the same time, after years of cultivation, China's general aviation market has gradually matured, with strong demand and active investment. In the next ten years, general aviation will develop rapidly and become another rapidly rising sunrise industry after mainline aircraft and regional aircraft. Experts believe that over the past 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, a number of strong aviation industry bases have been formed, which has the industrial foundation for the development of general aircraft. Xi'an Aircraft Design and Research Institute is China's first large-scale professional research institution involved in general aircraft research. In 2001, this institute cooperated with Shijiazhuang Aircraft Industry Co., Ltd., the backbone of China's general aircraft enterprise, and the Civil Aviation Flight University of China, the world's largest civil aviation flight academy, across industries, departments, and regions to jointly develop several multi-purpose aircraft. Light aircraft. However, Li Daming said that compared with developed countries, there is a huge gap in the development and production of general-purpose aircraft in China, both in quantity and grade. “my country’s general aviation lags behind not only developed countries, but also many developing countries,” Li Daming said. Experts believe that China urgently needs to develop general aviation in six major areas: agricultural and forestry aviation, industrial aviation, air express, aerial survey and photography, air tourism and business aviation. 7. The relationship between aviation and tourism culture

Tourism culture can be divided into traditional tourism culture and modern tourism culture. The former mainly includes tourists and tourism landscape culture; the latter adds tourism culture and cultural communication.

1 Tourism service art, color science, and dietetics. (You can look at travel etiquette, such as the difference in domestic and Singapore airline services, etc.) 2 The modern tourism phenomenon is actually a comprehensive process based on spiritual and cultural needs and enjoyment, involving economic, political, social, international exchanges, etc. Sexual mass activities.

(Airplanes are the choice of many domestic and foreign friends, and they spend a long time on airplanes, so the construction and development of aviation also have the function of promoting economic, political, social and international exchanges) China Tourism Industry In order to achieve greater development and stand among the world's tourism powers, we must attach great importance to the construction of tourism culture, deeply explore the connotation of tourism culture, create a tourism cultural atmosphere, and establish a tourism culture system with Chinese characteristics to provide a better foundation for the tourism industry. Development provides services and guidance.

Tourism culture is the indispensable cultural heritage and soul of China's tourism industry. It is the key to China's tourism industry maintaining Chinese characteristics and improving international competitiveness. 8. A brief introduction to the gains from studying airline culture and geography

In the teaching of airline geography, we must consciously cultivate and develop the concepts of sustainable safety, competency-based concepts, customer first concepts and environmental protection. concept.

1. The concept of continuous safety

Civil aviation safety culture is an important connotation of the culture of the civil aviation industry, and ensuring safety is the eternal theme of the civil aviation industry. As it moves from a major civil aviation country to a powerful civil aviation country, the "continuous safety concept" proposed by our country has raised safety work to a new strategic height. Under the guidance of this cultural concept, a continuous safety culture has been born. Continuous safety culture is a further extension of the connotation of civil aviation safety culture and has become an action guide to lead the sustainable development of cultural construction in the civil aviation industry.

2. The concept of customer first

"Improving service quality" is the long-term guiding principle of my country's civil aviation work, and civil aviation service culture is the top priority of civil aviation culture construction. Based on this, in the construction of campus culture of aviation service major, the school strives to integrate the civil aviation industry and campus culture.

According to the "passenger-centered" characteristics of the aviation service industry, students are required to continuously strengthen the fundamental concept of "providing services to others" in their own value orientation in their daily life and study at school, and to provide quality services to others. Service as mission and responsibility.

4. The concept of environmental protection

Environmental issues have become a matter of great concern around the world. Route geography is a science that studies the relationship between air transportation and the geographical environment. There are many environmental issues involved in the teaching process, such as aircraft noise, aircraft exhaust emissions, airport water pollution, airport solid waste pollution, etc.