Little knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis (the third part of popular science knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis)

1. Popular science knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis (3)

Hello, first of all, in the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis, palliative care is the main method, and in most cases it can achieve the expected results. Secondly, different patients should choose different drugs and doses to determine the best treatment plan. Third, a drug must be tried for a long time (2 to 4 weeks) at the appropriate dose before its efficacy can be evaluated or other drugs can be considered for replacement. Four, such as active rheumatoid arthritis, despite the basic palliative treatment for enough time, the symptoms have not improved significantly, especially when the condition is still developing (bone erosion, subcutaneous nodule formation, systemic lesions), you should add disease relief drugs. At present, methotrexate is widely used, but some people advocate that hydroxychloroquine should be tried first, and then gold preparation, penicillamine, methotrexate and azathioprine should be used.

2. How to treat rheumatic heart disease?

Rheumatic heart disease, referred to as rheumatic heart disease, refers to heart disease involving heart valves caused by rheumatic fever.

Characterized by stenosis and/or insufficiency of one or more valves in mitral valve, tricuspid valve and aortic valve. There are often no obvious symptoms in the initial stage of illness, but in the later stage, it is characterized by palpitation, shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, limb edema, coughing pink foam sputum, and death due to heart failure.

Others died of arterial embolism and cerebral infarction. "Rheumatic heart disease is drug treatment or surgical treatment? "To answer this question, we must first have a comprehensive understanding of our condition, and then make a comprehensive judgment according to our local medical conditions, economic affordability, desired treatment effect and so on.

1. The surgical treatment of rheumatic heart disease includes mitral valvuloplasty, valvuloplasty and valve replacement. It is suitable for different types of patients.

The cost of a single operation ranges from 30,000 yuan to 6.5438+200,000 yuan. The doctor of cardiac surgery will tell you whether it is suitable for surgery, how risky the operation is and how much it costs according to the actual situation.

2. A large number of patients are not suitable for surgical treatment. For example, the balloon dilatation effect of patients with simple mitral stenosis is good, which can last for 5 to 8 years, but it is not suitable for this operation if they are complicated with mitral insufficiency. 3. For patients with cardiac insufficiency, the risk of surgical treatment will increase. Traditional Chinese medicine conditioning or combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine can be used to make patients reach a better state before operation.

Some medical institutions exaggerate the propaganda, saying that using their own drugs to treat "can achieve better results than surgical treatment", which is extremely irresponsible. The purpose and effect of surgical treatment and drug treatment are different.

Its indications are also different. 4. Surgical treatment mainly achieves the therapeutic purpose by repairing the structure of the heart, but surgery is also a traumatic treatment.

Drug therapy mainly aims at improving cardiac function, improving hemodynamic indexes and improving the overall function of human body. We believe that if the patient is young, has good cardiac function, has no obvious symptoms, and within the scope of surgical treatment, the patient's economic conditions may be acceptable, and surgical treatment can be given priority.

If it is not suitable for surgery for the time being because of poor heart function, traditional Chinese medicine can also be used first to make the patient reach a better state before operation. To sum up, surgical treatment and drug treatment are not contradictory, but can complement each other and learn from each other.

Surgical treatment is inseparable from the cooperation of drugs, and drug treatment can not completely replace surgery. Of course, if the patient cannot undergo surgery for various reasons, drug treatment can also achieve better results.

It should be said that whether the patient needs surgery or not, Chinese medicine treatment can run through the whole treatment process. The treatment of acute pulmonary edema is similar to pulmonary edema caused by acute left heart failure, but the difference is that vasodilators and cardiotonic drugs which mainly dilate arterioles should not be used. Cedilan should be used to reduce the ventricular rhythm when rapid atrial fibrillation occurs.

When acute attack is accompanied by rapid ventricular rhythm, cedilanid is the first choice to reduce ventricular rhythm. Right ventricular failure should be treated with low-salt diet, diuretics and digoxin.

2. Mitral valve insufficiency 1) Medical treatment: pay attention to prevent rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis. Proper physical activity and rest, limiting the intake of sodium salt and preventing respiratory tract infection.

When heart failure is complicated, digitalis preparation, diuretic and vasodilator are used. 2) Surgical treatment: In order to restore the integrity of valve closure, artificial valve replacement should be performed before irreversible left ventricular dysfunction occurs.

3. Aortic valve stenosis 1) Medical treatment: prevention of rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis, and regular review. Moderate and severe stenosis limits physical activity and prevents angina pectoris, syncope and heart failure.

Limit sodium salt in heart failure, use digitalis preparation and use diuretics carefully. 2) Surgical treatment: Patients with severe aortic stenosis accompanied by angina pectoris, syncope or heart failure are the main indications for surgical treatment, and artificial valve replacement is the main method to treat adult aortic stenosis.

4. Aortic valve insufficiency 1) Medical treatment: prevention of rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis. 2) Surgical treatment: Artificial valve replacement is the main treatment for severe aortic regurgitation.

Treatment of rheumatic heart disease with traditional Chinese medicine 1. The main manifestations of blood stasis are palpitation, chest discomfort, frequent heartburn, and even hemoptysis when coughing, purple cheeks, purple lips and dark tongue or ecchymosis. Treatment principle: promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, regulating qi and dredging collaterals. 2. The main manifestations of deficiency of both qi and blood are palpitation, shortness of breath, dizziness and fatigue, dull complexion, poor sleep, red tongue and weak pulse.

Treatment principle: nourishing blood and heart, benefiting qi and calming the nerves. 3. The main manifestations of heart-kidney yang deficiency are palpitation, dizziness, fullness in the chest, cough and shortness of breath, and even inability to lie down.

Edema, scanty urine, tepid hands and feet, pale purple tongue, and deep and thin pulse. Treatment principle: warming yang and promoting diuresis, and strengthening the body resistance with the left.

It is recommended that those with the above symptoms go to the hospital for examination and treatment. When rheumatic heart disease has complications such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation and cerebral embolism, it should be treated in time.

The following Chinese patent medicines can be selected on the basis of TCM syndrome differentiation: 1. It is suitable for nourishing yin and blood, calming the heart and calming the nerves. You can take Tianwang Buxin Dan and Zhusha Anshen Pill.

2. It is advisable to nourish the heart and spleen, warm the yang and replenish qi. You can take Guipi Pill and Bai Zi Yangxin Pill.

3. It belongs to the type of blood stasis, so it is advisable to tonify yang and qi, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. You can take Xuefu Zhuyu Pills, Guanxin Suhe Pills, and Compound Danshen Tablets.

Precautions 1. Don't do excessive physical labor, but don't rest passively. Take part in physical exercise regularly to avoid aggravating symptoms.

You shouldn't overeat every meal and increase the burden on your heart. You should eat less and eat more. Food should be soft, digestible and light; Don't eat too much salt, and control the intake of sodium salt when there is edema in heart failure.

3. Avoid catching a cold and actively treat tonsillitis. - .

3. Kneel for all the knowledge about rheumatoid disease.

After the acute inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis is controlled.

In other words, joint function exercise should be started. Because patients with rheumatoid arthritis have more involved joints and the recovery speed of each joint is different, it is impossible to adhere to consistency in joint exercise.

Joint exercise can increase muscle strength and prevent joint contracture, stiffness and muscle atrophy. Exercise should be gradual and persistent.

Methods It can be flexibly determined according to the illness, such as bed exercise, resistance exercise, sitting exercise, standing on crutches and walking. The amount of activities should be from small to large, the time of activities from short to long, the number of activities from less to more, the way of activities from passive to active, and the amount and intensity of activities should be gradually increased to a tolerable level.

1, properly strengthen physical exercise, accelerate blood circulation, and reduce local blood and inflammatory substances stagnation. 2. Pay attention to personal hygiene and the law of life. Don't wash and blow the electric fan with cold water immediately after sweating. Sedentary people should exercise properly.

3. Reduce the number of sexual life appropriately. 4. Strengthen nutrition appropriately, and eat more protein-rich, digestible and hot things (fish, eggs, mutton, etc.). ).

5. When suffering from other diseases at the same time, drugs for treating other diseases can be added at the same time, and the time should be appropriately staggered for 30-60 minutes. 6. Don't go to the doctor and use drugs indiscriminately. Use drugs under the guidance of a doctor and stick to the course of treatment. Don't stop taking medicine at will. The prescription for treating acute rheumatoid arthritis is: (1) 30~60g of willow branches, which are decocted in water.

(2) 30-60g of old mulberry branches and 0/0g of phellodendron amurense/kloc are decocted in water. (3) 9 grams of Rhizoma Atractylodis, 9 grams of Cortex Phellodendri, and 30 grams of Caulis Lonicerae, decocted in water.

(4) decoct 30g of tender mulberry branches, 0g of Achyranthes bidentata10g, 0g of tetrandra root10g, and 30g of loofah sponge in water. (5) Caulis Sinomenii15g and Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae10g, decocted in water.

(6) 30g of Saxifraga, 30g of Mulberry Branch, tender willow branch15g and tender Sophora branch15g are decocted in water for three times. (7) 30 grams of Polygonum cuspidatum, liquor 1 tablespoon, decocted together, daily 1 dose.

90 grams of fresh honeysuckle, roots and leaves, decocted in water for 3 times. (9) decoct 60g of Ficus pumila with water and sweet wine, add 30g of brown sugar to remove residue, and then mix.

The single drug and prescription for treating chronic rheumatoid arthritis are (1) 9 grams of Spatholobus suberectus, 9 grams of Caulis Piperis and 9 grams of Ramulus Cinnamomi, which are decocted in water. (2) Polygonum cuspidatum root, Mulberry root 30g each, jujube 10, decocted in water.

(3) Euphorbia humifusa1.5g, and Prunus persica1.5g, decocted in water. (4) Caulis Trachelospermi, Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, Herba Lycopodii and Fructus Lipuidambaris each 12g, decocted in water.

(5) Caulis Sinomenii, Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae and Caulis Polygoni Multiflori each 12g, decocted in water. (6) Decoct 90g of Herba Siegesbeckiae, 60g of Atractylodis Macrocephalae and 60g of Coicis Semen with water.

What fumigation treatments are there for rheumatoid arthritis? Fumigation and washing therapy is to decoct traditional Chinese medicine, then fumigate or soak the affected area with heat, so that the medicinal properties of the medicine can be inserted directly into the affected area from the pores. It has the functions of expelling wind and cold, relaxing muscles and tendons and activating collaterals.

Indications: arthralgia due to wind-cold and dampness. Several commonly used formulas are introduced.

① Cortex Erythrinae, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Caulis Piperis Kadsurae, Fructus Lipuidambaris, Caulis Spatholobi and Zanthoxylum nitidum 30g each, decocted in water, once a day, for 20 minutes, for 1 month (Prescription of Practical Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine). ② 20g of Radix Aconiti, 50g of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, 50g of Notopterygii Rhizoma and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, 20g of Asari 10g, 30g of Rhizoma Chuanxiong and Ramulus Cinnamomi, 60g of Radix Clematidis, Herba Lycopodii and Caulis et Folium Gaultheriae Yunnanensis, decocted in water 2-3 times a day, each time 15 minutes, and 5- 10 days is one day.

③ 9 grams of Folium Artemisiae Argyi and 9 grams of Carthami Flos, 30 grams of Caulis et Folium Gaultheriae Yunnanensis and 6 grams of Zanthoxylum bungeanum are decocted in water. 1~2 times a day.

④ Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga 12g, sappan 30g, spurge 6g, Rhizoma Drynariae 20g, decocted in water. 1~2 times a day.

⑤ Mulberry branches, willow branches, elm branches and peach branches are 70cm each, and the affected parts are fumigated and washed with boiling water, 2-3 times a day. ⑥ 30g of speranskia tuberculata, 30g of cabbage and 30g of Millennium Health. Boil water and smoke the affected area twice a day.

What are the commonly used external plasters for treating rheumatoid arthritis? Rheumatoid arthritis in muscles, joints and meridians. External application of plaster can make medicinal properties enter the skin from fur, dredge meridians and activate bones and muscles, which is more beneficial than taking medicine. Commonly used plasters and their application methods are as follows: (1) Shangshi Zhitong Plaster (rubber plaster): It has the functions of expelling wind and cold, removing dampness and dredging collaterals, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain.

When in use, wash the skin with warm water and dry it, and then apply it to the affected area. The plaster is attached to the skin with the palm of your hand. Those who are allergic to adhesive tape, skin erosion and exudation, and trauma complicated with suppuration should not be applied.

Its effects are similar to those of Musk Tiger Bone Ointment, Qinghai Musk Ointment and Joint Pain Ointment. Both can be used in clinic.

(2) Dog skin ointment (plaster): It has the functions of expelling wind, dispelling cold, removing dampness, relaxing muscles and tendons, activating collaterals and relieving pain. When in use, the plaster is heated to soften and then applied to the affected part.

Its functions are similar to those of Wanling Jingu Ointment, Zhuifeng Ointment and Xiangye Ointment. , you can also choose. (3) Wuling powder (powder): It has the functions of expelling wind and removing dampness, activating yang and promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain and swelling.

When in use, take a proper amount of medicine, mix egg white with warm water or human milk with medicine to make paste, spread it on wax paper, and stick it on acupoints or affected parts. Pay attention to avoid catching a cold when using, and don't take it orally.

/kloc-Do not wash the skin patch with water for 0/0 days. Umbilical chakra, foot center and other places can not be attached.

Children, the infirm and the edematous are prohibited. (4) Wuling powder: It has the same effect as Wuling powder. When in use, it is mixed with white wine and applied to the affected part.

In addition to external use, this powder can also be taken orally. 6g each time, with warm yellow wine or warm boiled water.

What medicine is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis? External application therapy: this method is local or acupoint medication. Has the effects of promoting local blood circulation, dispelling cold and dampness, and relieving swelling and pain.

(1) 60 grams of Acorus calamus, 60 grams of fennel and 500 grams of salt, stir-fried, wrapped in cloth, and burned the affected area. It is suitable for patients with cold pain in limbs and joints, and those with aggravated cold pain and reduced heat pain.

(2) Lycoris radiata, ginger and onion are mashed and externally applied to the affected area. Suitable for people with joint pain and fear of wind and cold.

(3) Mash 3-5 pieces of fresh Rhizoma Drynariae and apply it to the affected area. It is suitable for patients with joint cold pain.

It takes 5~ 10 minutes each time to take effect. (4) 6 grams of peach kernel and 6 grams of white mustard seed are ground into fine powder, and a proper amount of egg white is used to make paste, which can be externally applied to the joint pain for 3-4 hours.

Be careful not to apply for too long. (5) Apply Ruyi Golden Cream to the affected area, cover it with gauze, and change it every day 1 time.

Suitable for people with swollen joints. (6) Mash a proper amount of cactus into mud and apply it to the affected area.

(7) Take a proper amount of fresh Viola yedoensis and mash it and apply it to the affected area. (8) Dandelion120g, boiled with water into liquid medicine, soaked with towel, and wet-applied to the affected area.

(9) Mix Gardenia powder and Philo noodles in equal parts, mix with boiling water or vinegar, yellow wine and egg white to make paste, and apply it to the sore spot. The application is blue now, no problem, and it can be returned in a few days.

(10) Apply mung bean powder and egg white to the affected area. The above 6~ 10 therapy is suitable for patients with joint swelling and burning, severe pain, cold and relaxation, and unfavorable flexion and extension.

It has good effects of clearing away heat, reducing swelling and relieving pain. (1 1) Kanlisha (ironing.

4. Kneel for all the knowledge about rheumatoid disease.

Behcet's syndrome, also known as Behcet's disease, is a systemic immune system disease and belongs to vasculitis.

It can invade many organs of human body, including mouth, skin, joint muscles, eyes, blood vessels, heart, lungs and nervous system. Its main manifestations are repeated oral ulcers, rashes, erythema nodosum of lower limbs, ophthalmitis, esophageal ulcers, small intestine or colon ulcers and joint swelling and pain. Behcet's syndrome needs regular drug treatment, including various drugs to regulate immunity. If not treated, the prognosis is not good, and it will be life-threatening in severe cases.

Etiology At present, the etiology of the disease is not completely clear, which may be related to heredity (such as HLA-B5 1 gene), infection (some patients may be related to tuberculosis infection) and living environment. At present, it is believed that the pathogenesis of the disease is that patients have immune system dysfunction under the action of various pathogenic factors, including cellular immunity and humoral immunity disorder, neutrophil hyperfunction, endothelial cell injury and thrombosis, and the immune system reacts to its own organs and tissues, leading to inflammation and destruction of organs and tissues [1].

Clinical manifestations 1. This disease can be seen in all kinds of people in China, from teenagers to the elderly, and it is more common among young people, and can occur in both men and women. 2. Patients with oral ulcers mainly show repeated oral ulcers and pains, with deep ulcer surface and mostly white or yellow bottom, and multiple ulcers (commonly known as "aphtha") can appear in multiple parts at the same time, including tongue, lips, palate and pharynx.

Most ulcers can improve on their own, but they often recur, and severe pain will occur, which greatly affects eating. 3. Genital Ulcer In addition to oral ulcers, patients can also have external ulcers, such as male and female genital ulcers, which can be large ulcers or single ulcers.

4. Some patients with eye diseases can also show eye diseases, such as redness, pain, photophobia or decreased vision and blurred vision, and one or both eyes may be involved. 5. Skin manifestations Some patients will also have skin lesions, which are characterized by "acne"-like rashes on the face, chest, back or other parts, or similar to "boils", which can improve on their own, but are prone to recurrence.

In addition, some patients will have cyanosis, lower limb swelling and pain, and they can feel "papules". Others will have repeated erythema on their lower limbs, ranging in size from soybeans to copper coins, and they will feel pain when pressed. This phenomenon is called erythema nodosum. Other patients will have redness, blisters or pustules in the eyes of infusion or blood drawing needles, and most of them will appear within 24~72 hours after injection. This phenomenon is called "acupuncture reaction" positive.

6. Joint lesions Many patients will have joint pain or swelling, which can be single or multiple joints. Lower extremity joints are more common and may be accompanied by arm and leg pain. In severe cases, joint effusion and synovitis may occur. 7. Another common manifestation of digestive tract diseases is digestive tract symptoms, including dysphagia or chest pain during swallowing, acid regurgitation, heartburn, abdominal pain, diarrhea, pus or lump in stool, weight loss, emaciation and loss of appetite. These symptoms can all appear, or only one of them can appear. Patients who have undergone gastroscopy or colonoscopy will be told that they have "ulcers".

8. Thrombophlebitis and deep vein thrombosis may occur in a few patients with vascular diseases, and pulmonary embolism may occur in severe cases. Patients will have shortness of breath, asthma, chest pain and even syncope after exercise. Other patients may have aneurysms, leading to local embolism and ischemia. After the aneurysm ruptures, it may lead to massive bleeding and even life-threatening.

9. Some patients with neuropathy may have "whiplash-like" symptoms, such as inflexible hands and feet, headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, numbness of hands and feet, pain or weakness, paralysis of one hand and foot, severe convulsions and rolling eyes. This may be that Behcet's syndrome has damaged the nervous system. The brain stem is the most frequently involved part of the nervous system. Brain stem lesions can also be seen in the spinal cord, cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum and meninges, and brain atrophy can occur.

10. Systemic symptoms Many patients have systemic symptoms, such as fatigue, anorexia, low fever and emaciation. The treatment of Behcet's syndrome is mainly drug therapy, and the time of taking drugs varies.

Most patients need to take drugs for a long time, mainly immunomodulators or immunosuppressive drugs, including topical drugs, oral glucocorticoids, methotrexate, colchicine, thalidomide, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and anti-tumor necrosis factor antagonists. In addition to drug therapy, surgical treatment or interventional therapy can also be selected, but both should be based on drug therapy [3].

5. What is rheumatoid arthritis like? I want to know the relevant knowledge.

Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

(1) joint pain and tenderness

Most patients begin with joint swelling. Swelling is caused by the increase of exudate in the joint cavity and inflammatory changes of soft tissue around the joint, which is characterized by uniform swelling around the joint. Spindle swelling of the proximal phalanx is one of the typical symptoms of rheumatoid patients. The severity of joint pain is usually parallel to the degree of swelling. The more obvious the joint swelling, the heavier the pain, and even severe pain.

② joint swelling

All involved joints can be swollen, and joint swelling indicates serious inflammation. Typical manifestations are uniform swelling around the joint, such as spindle swelling of the proximal interphalangeal joint. Joint swelling is most easily found in small joints of limbs, but it is not easy to find swelling in large joints such as shoulders and hips.

③ morning stiffness

More than 99.6% patients have morning stiffness of joints. Morning stiffness refers to the long-term stiffness and limited activity of the affected joint after the sick joint is still at night and gets up in the morning. Morning stiffness is often the first symptom of joint involvement, which usually occurs before joint pain. When the disease is serious, all joints will feel stiff. After getting up, morning stiffness symptoms can be relieved or disappeared after exercise or warmth. Morning stiffness is usually accompanied by chills and numbness in limbs or toes.

④ Joint fricative sound

In the stage of rheumatoid arthritis, when exercising joints, the examiner's hands can often feel tiny twisting sounds or scratching snow, especially elbows and knees, which indicates that the joints are inflamed. After the inflammation of some joints subsides, the clicking sound can be heard or touched in movable joints, especially in fingers, knees and buttocks, which may be caused by rheumatoid arthritis with hyperosteogeny.

At present, the best effect is Jin+Tang+Yuzhigutong Plaster, which has a good therapeutic effect on rheumatic bone diseases such as rheumatism, rheumatoid disease, lumbar spondylosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, arthritis and hyperosteogeny.

Without any toxic or side effects.

6. Health knowledge of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The most basic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is anti-inflammation and analgesia. Because rheumatoid joints mostly show joint pain and swelling.

Anti-inflammatory painkillers can play a good role in anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and play a good role in relieving joint swelling and pain. In addition, rheumatoid arthritis should also use some drugs to control the disease. These drugs mainly control the disease, prevent bone damage and delay organ damage. These drugs include methotrexate and leflunomide, which are all oral drugs. Others are intravenous injection, and biological drugs that control diseases can also play a similar role.

For patients with serious illness, severe joint swelling and pain, and persistent pain, some low-dose hormones can be used. Hormones have good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which can delay the progress of diseases. In addition, some biological agents can also be used to control diseases. There are also some biological drugs, such as total glucosides of paeony and tripterygium wilfordii, which also have a good therapeutic effect on rheumatoid diseases.

7. [Urgent] Who knows about arthritis?

Arthritis is a common chronic disease. According to the data, there are about 355 million arthritis patients in the world, covering almost all ages, even young children are hard to escape. In China, there are more than 654.38 billion arthritis patients. The joints that should be flexible are always swollen and stiff inadvertently, which makes many people worry, especially in the cold season. At this time, it is necessary to protect joints and prevent the onset of arthritis at the turn of cold winter and spring.

Main symptoms of arthritis

Arthritis can be divided into rheumatic, rheumatoid, traumatic, osteoarthritis and suppurative arthritis according to its etiology. Different types of symptoms have different reactions.

Rheumatoid arthritis is more common in adults, and it often occurs in knee joints, shoulder joints, elbow joints and wrist joints. The onset is mostly rheumatic fever with wandering joint pain, swelling and fever after upper respiratory tract infection.

Rheumatoid arthritis is more common in young adults, often occurring in the small joints of hands and feet and sacroiliac parts, and gradually involving the whole body joints. At the beginning, the diseased joints also showed redness, pain and mobility inconvenience. After a long time, the joints were deformed or stiff.

Traumatic arthritis is often caused by trauma or persistent chronic strain, which leads to articular cartilage degeneration or spur. It is characterized by swelling, pain and dyskinesia of the affected joints, which are easy to occur in weight-bearing joints, such as shoulders, knees and ankles, and are more common in athletes and young adults.

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint diseases, which is more common in obese and overweight middle-aged and elderly people. The most common parts are knees, fingers, neck and lumbar vertebrae. The main symptoms are joint pain and stiffness (the pain will be relieved after slight activity), and joint swelling and muscle atrophy will occur in severe cases.

Suppurative arthritis is often caused by bacteria invading the joint cavity, which is more common in children and occurs in the hip joint. The main symptoms are local redness, swelling, pain, fever and dysfunction, as well as systemic poisoning symptoms such as high fever.

How to prevent arthritis

Keep your joints warm. At the turn of winter and spring, the temperature is still relatively low and the temperature drops frequently. Try not to let the joints catch cold, and wear coats, cotton trousers and other parts to protect your knees. Women who love beauty should not wear thin socks, short skirts and shorts. In order to pursue fashion, so as not to catch cold at the knees. In addition, try not to touch cold water, warm water washing is the best. If you have arthritis, you can wear knee pads to prevent recurrence.

Ensure a balanced diet. Ensure that you consume enough calories every day and control fat intake. Suitable for eating high-protein, digestible foods, such as eggs, lean meat and bean products. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, pay attention to a light diet, and don't eat cold food. In addition, drink warm water to prevent colds.

Exercise regularly. Sedentary people are also at high risk of arthritis. Under normal circumstances, calcium should be supplemented in time and exercise should be strengthened to help prevent arthritis. After working for a period of time, you should exercise your wrists, shoulders, neck and knees. Office workers may wish to make use of office space according to local conditions, stretch for a few minutes in their seats, turn their wrists and elbows, and stand on tiptoe in their chairs. In my spare time, I take part in outdoor sports such as walking, swimming and jogging. It should be noted that activities such as climbing mountains and squatting should be done less, and these activities will wear out joints to varying degrees.

Appropriate tonic. Cereal beans, such as japonica rice, indica rice, corn, wheat, soybeans and peas; Leek, coriander, garlic, radish, day lily and other vegetables; Mutton, dog meat, beef, chicken and eel, carp, silver carp, hairtail, shrimp and other meats; Fruits such as oranges, coconuts, pineapples, lychees and longan.

What about joint pain?

Walk slowly. Walking slowly should last for 2~3 months, and then you can gradually speed up the pace. The daily exercise time is still about 30 minutes. The intensity of exercise is that breathing is not short when walking, muscles feel slightly sore, and it is appropriate to recover quickly after rest.

Ride a bike. Cycling for 30~40 minutes every day can make people with knee pain receive unexpected curative effect.

Jogging. When running, walk briskly, don't feel short of breath, and be able to talk to others while running.

Ma Ping. The knees are slightly flexed, and it is advisable to have no pain in the knee joint. Sit still, raise your hands horizontally and look forward. Generally, it takes about 10 minutes each time, and 1 time in the morning and evening.

Lie on your back and lift your legs. Leg lift is about 15 degrees, which can be maintained for 1~3 minutes at the beginning. After a period of practice, the time of leg lifting in the air should reach 10~ 15 minutes.

Sit up straight on your knees. Practice kneeling on the bed after getting up in the morning or before going to bed at night. When kneeling, keep your waist upright, sit back with your arms as far as possible, and try your best to touch the instep.

Dietotherapy prescription for treat arthritis

1. Bitter gourd, bitter vegetable, horse tooth, towel gourd and other foods have the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials, and can relieve local fever and pain.

2. Coix seed, tofu, celery, yam, lentils and other foods have the function of strengthening the spleen and promoting diuresis, which can be used to relieve swelling symptoms.

3. Mushrooms, fungus and other foods can improve human immunity and relieve symptoms such as local redness, swelling, heat and pain.

4. 200 grams of lean pork, 65438+ 050 grams of Zanthoxylum bungeanum root, boiled soup and seasoned, twice a day. It can relieve severe pain symptoms.

8. Rheumatoid arthritis

(1) Nursing methods of rheumatoid arthritis with wind resistance, cold and dampness

Clinically, it is common in the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. It can be seen that the joints of limbs are swollen and painful, and the pain is severe in cold weather and relieved in hot weather. The skin is not red, and it doesn't feel hot. Such patients often have red tongue, thin white fur and thready pulse.

Syndrome differentiation nursing should pay attention to cold and warmth, and arrange the patients in the south of the ward where the sun can shine. This kind of patients mainly stretch their joints to promote the circulation of qi and blood. Local use of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation, Tongluobao (Fengtong powder), in order to dispel wind and cold.

In the aspect of western medicine nursing, early reduction of activities, bed rest and muscle relaxation have mild analgesic effects, strengthening knowledge education for patients, emphasizing early active cooperation with the treatment and nursing of rheumatoid arthritis to promote early recovery; Eating spicy and warm food should be appropriate, and onions, ginger and peppers can be used as seasonings. After eating, the quilt will sweat slightly, which can relieve cold and dampness by sweating.

(2) Nursing methods of phlegm and blood stasis type rheumatoid arthritis

Clinically, it is more common in the early and middle stages of rheumatoid arthritis. You can see joint swelling, pain fixation and limited flexion and extension. Some patients have the rule that the day is lighter than the night is heavier. This kind of patients are more common in purple tongue, white greasy fur and thin pulse.

Dialectical nursing: the ward should be dry, and the notebook room should be moisture-proof and warm. Acupuncture, moxibustion and local irradiation with TDP lamp, especially after acupuncture, can obviously improve joint function. Nurses should help bedridden patients to perform joint flexion and extension activities within the maximum tolerance range of 1~2 times a day to maintain joint activity function. Traditional Chinese medicine decoction can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, dredge meridians, increase local blood circulation, resolve phlegm and disperse stagnation, and warm meridians.

Rheumatoid arthritis should be mainly combined with functional exercise, and integrated in psychology, diet, medicine and nursing, so as to control the inflammation of joints and other tissues, relieve symptoms, maintain and restore the activity function of joints and improve the self-care ability of patients. The nursing method of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine plays an important role in improving curative effect and promoting disease rehabilitation.