What problems should we pay attention to if we want to make money in the rice and shrimp farming mode along the Yangtze River?

After talking about the intensive culture mode of crayfish for so long, I want to change my taste today. Let's take a look at shrimp farming in rice fields! In recent years, this model has gradually become popular in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places, and has shown an explosive momentum. I hope this article is helpful to friends who are doing rice and shrimp farming or are in the rice and shrimp farming mode!

First, the principle of rice and shrimp culture

First of all, in our intensive cultivation mode, we are familiar with aquatic plants for the longest time. In addition to submerged plants such as Elodea and Kuroshio, we are also familiar with emergent plants. In fact, the rice in the pond also belongs to emergent plants, and crayfish can be successfully cultivated by using the function of emergent plants!

Second, weeds, insects and plankton in rice fields are not only wastes, but also compete for fertilizers. However, if omnivorous shrimp such as crayfish are raised in rice fields, they can not only make full use of these things as bait, but also the excrement of crayfish and shrimp can provide fertilizer for rice. Why not?

Thirdly, crayfish inhabit the field, avoiding birds and other harmful organisms, and loosening the soil to some extent by swimming for food, digging holes and other habits, effectively improving soil ventilation conditions, accelerating fertilizer decomposition and promoting rice growth.

To sum up, shrimp farming in paddy field is a new farming mode with low investment, quick effect and low risk. It integrates resources, utilizes each other, but coordinates with each other.

Second, several modes of rice-shrimp co-cropping

At present, according to the time production and demand, there are two main modes of rice and shrimp culture in the market:

First, rice and shrimp are both types. The implication is to grow rice, and then crayfish are also raised in it. Both rice and crayfish are right, and strive for a double harvest! Of course, there may be double-cropping rice (early rice and late rice) in some places, and crayfish are also raised in rice fields for two consecutive seasons, so there is no need to transfer them! Sichuan and other places mainly raise one-season rice! Regenerated rice is also suitable for breeding crayfish, but it is recommended to raise seedlings! Due to the climate, the supply of shrimp seedlings in Sichuan is already very tight!

Shrimp and Rice Breeding Base (China Aquaculture Network 2065438+July 2007, taken in Xuancheng, Anhui).

Second, rice and shrimp rotation; The implication is the mode of planting rice for one season, then raising lobster for one season, planting rice for another season in the second year, and raising lobster after rice harvest. This model may be more common in Hubei. Most farmers planted rice in March-May, rice in June-September, and then began to raise crayfish after harvesting rice until the next year! Do two things well, without affecting each other, grow rice without raising shrimp, and raise shrimp without growing rice!

Let's talk about the difference between the two: rice can be used as a shading crop or as an emergent plant, but they can be used together, but management (such as feeding) can't be really managed, death can't be found in time, and the wind direction is completely blocked! Rotation mode is similar to pond culture mode, the only difference is that planting one-season rice in the middle period can improve some benefits, but shrimp production time is concentrated and the market is poor, so pond culture may experience the risk of black plum!

The above has told you several modes of co-cultivation of rice and shrimp. When you choose which breeding mode, you must plan when to produce shrimp and when the market price of shrimp is good. Sometimes it is better to sell well than to raise well!

Let's continue to share the problem of rice field construction for rice and shrimp farming!

First of all, the choice of rice fields

1, water source; Adequate water source, good water quality, no agricultural pollution, industrial pollution, heavy metal pollution, etc. Around; Rivers, lakes, etc. Convenient for water diversion and irrigation, pollution-free, continuous flow for many years; Always available!

2. Soil quality; It is advisable to use cohesive soil, which has strong water retention and good soil fertility. Sandy soil or soil is thin. Soil such as water seepage and water leakage is not suitable;

3. area; For shrimp farming in rice fields, the area is no problem from a few acres to hundreds of acres. To a certain extent, a large area is more advantageous; It can not only reduce the cost of excavation, but also be well exposed to sufficient light and wind, and increase dissolved oxygen to some extent!

We also need to know about power supply, local public security, lease term, local drought and flood, etc. Every item is very important, I hope everyone will take it seriously!

Shrimp and rice breeding base (China Aquaculture Network 2065438+July 2007, taken in Xuancheng, Anhui).

The second is to excavate the ring groove.

1, mainly in the shape of "Hui", and large paddy fields can be excavated in the shape of "Tian", "Chuan" and "Mu"; If necessary, you can dig more circular ditches!

2. The height of the ridge should be1.0-1.2m to ensure that the water depth of 50-70cm can be closed; The width of the ridge is about 1.3- 1.5m, which ensures that crayfish can't break holes, and requires no cracks, no leakage and no collapse.

3. The ditch width should be 5-8m, and the slope ratio should be1:2.5-3; Note: In some areas, excavation may only be allowed to exceed 15% of the whole area. In this case, the width of the pipe trench can be appropriately reduced!

Third, the escape prevention measures

Anti-escape nets must be installed around rice fields, on the one hand, to prevent Tangkou shrimp from escaping under heavy rain and lack of oxygen, on the other hand, to prevent exotic pests or natural enemies from entering the pond! Note that the escape net is installed on the ridge, not by the water! ! This installation is the best! Need to install anti-theft net can also be installed, local anti-theft must be installed! If necessary, if you have enough money, you should also install a camera and so on!

Water intake and drainage are independent, and the installation of water intake and drainage depends on the favorable location. It is best to go in and out at the same time! The water inlet should be separated from many sundries as far as possible, such as branches. The water inlet in the rice field should be equipped with a filter screen with a length of more than 80 mu and a length of more than 2 meters to prevent blockage. Double layers are best, mainly to isolate wild fish eggs and frog eggs inhaled from outside the pond!

Warm reminder: In order to prevent the dam from being washed away in the rainy season in summer, or the water level in the paddy field from rising extremely due to rainstorm, especially in the paddy field with relatively large area and few drainage measures, once the drainage pipe can't keep up, the overflow port should be opened in the paddy field at this time, and the overflow port should also be filtered with a double-layer dense net to prevent crayfish from escaping!

After our pond mouth is designed, we will definitely not turn off the water immediately to let the seedlings begin to breed. We must cultivate according to your local climate, such as when to plant rice and when the temperature rises. And there are still some preparations to be done before planting seedlings. Let's share what preparations we have before planting seedlings.

First, disinfection and impurity removal.

This is an important first step in digging rice fields and shrimp ponds. Disinfect and remove impurities with 30-50 kilograms of quicklime per mu. Generally, after rice fields are excavated, wild fish such as loach and eel are mainly cleaned. If it is a lotus pond excavated in the past, the main cleaning is crucian carp, carp, loach, eel, frog toad eggs and so on. The purpose is to prevent the enemy from hurting in the later stage. Disinfection mainly kills parasites and pathogenic bacteria. , but also to add minerals to rice fields! The specific principle has been mentioned in the previous article!

Second, plant aquatic plants.

This is what everyone likes to do. After digging the pond, they immediately asked if they wanted to plant grass. What kind of grass do you grow? How to plant it? Wait, that's it. Grass can also be planted properly in rice and shrimp ponds, mainly to help everyone control water quality. If everyone grows grass for crayfish, it's all wet! When planting grass, pay attention to control the area of water weeds, distribute them sporadically, and don't gather together, which generally accounts for 15%-25% of the ditch surface. As for what kind of grass to plant, there is no clear explanation. Every kind of grass has its own advantages and disadvantages. Explain two points: first, as long as you can control this grass well, this is the most suitable grass for you; Secondly, what kind of grass is convenient, fast and easy to get? Don't listen to others say that it is good to grow electra. 2-3 yuan bought a catty, but still failed to breed successfully! Remember: the grass you can control is the best grass!

Third, fertilization

This is based on the actual situation of Tangkou. Some paddy fields are not too thin after excavation, but the soil in most areas is too thin after excavation. It is suggested to spread a layer of organic fertilizer in the ring ditch to make the soil fully absorb it. Add water to 50-60 cm one week before releasing shrimp seedlings, and then apply fertilizer according to the situation. Dry chicken manure and pig manure are usually used to cultivate bait organisms and fertilize water bodies. After fertilization, the survival rate of seedlings is often high under the same circumstances!

abstract

Every link of breeding is very important, and one link is buckled. If the preliminary work is not done well, it will affect the normal progress of your later work, so the necessary work must be done well! This article emphasizes the preparation work before seedling release. First, disinfection and impurity removal. Many friends may have suffered from wild fish. Second, planting aquatic plants, everyone is also very vague, echoing the crowd and not seeking truth from facts; Third, apply sufficient base fertilizer. Many friends choose to turn off the water as soon as the pond is dug. As a result, the water was mixed as soon as it entered, and then it was normal fertilizer water seedling raising, and there was no shrimp until the end!

This is basically the preparatory work for farmers before releasing seedlings. Next time, we will write about seedling release and breeding technology, disease prevention and control, etc. Please pay attention.