What are the three concepts of tourism landscape design?

"Idea" is people's views, opinions and beliefs about things, and it is the main body and core of tourism landscape planning and design. Different ideas not only determine the style of tourism landscape planning and design, but also determine the advanced nature of tourism landscape design. It is particularly important to maintain advanced design concepts. We need to adhere to three concepts.

The three concepts put forward by Yuan Jing Design Institute are: sustainable development, people-oriented and highlighting culture.

sustainable development

(1) scientific sources

Landscape ecology and sustainable development theory

The basic viewpoint of landscape ecology: According to the viewpoint of landscape ecology, it is not the strongest organism that survives the longest in nature, but the organism that can coexist with other organisms and co-evolve with the environment.

The theory of sustainable development emphasizes the principles of intergenerational equity, intra-generational equity and fairness between man and nature, and emphasizes the harmony and unity of ecological, economic and social benefits.

(B) the concept of connotation

Concept development: ecotourism, sustainable tourism and low-carbon tourism.

1. Natural design

Tourism landscape design should first consider the protection of natural ecological environment. Ian Mike. Hager, a famous American landscape architect, believes that the value of each piece of land is determined by its inherent natural attributes. People's activities can only be to understand these values or limitations, adapt to them and use them. Only when they adapt can they be healthy and comfortable. We should not only respect every factor of nature, but also respect the integrity of natural landscape, the objective laws and independent values of nature, and maintain the ecological balance of nature, so as to meet the needs of human sustainable development.

Simon: The greatest progress we have made is not trying to completely conquer nature, ignoring natural conditions, or blindly replacing natural features, topography and vegetation with buildings, but deliberately seeking harmonious and unified integration.

1) Respect the independent value of nature.

2) The fundamental connotation of obeying nature is to respect the laws of nature.

According to the tourism landscape, the natural geographical features of the region such as climate, topography, soil, hydrology and vegetation are designed.

3) reduce the interference with nature

IUCN put forward the concept of "ecotourism" in 1983. In the past 30 years, its connotation has been continuously expanded, but two things have never changed: the object of eco-tourism is natural scenery; The purpose of ecotourism should not be harmed.

Some nature reserves violate relevant management regulations and carry out eco-tourism activities in buffer zones and even core areas; Some only consider commercial needs, and build roads, ropeways, hotels, parking lots, saunas, dance halls and cultural landscapes in tourist areas, which reduces vegetation coverage and destroys natural beauty;

4) Avoid the occurrence of ecological disasters and ecological hazards.

suit measures to local conditions

The design of tourist landscape is carried out in a certain place, and the place is changed purposefully. This requires a superficial and deep understanding of the characteristics of the region. The shallow layer is characterized by the ecology and natural integrity of the regional natural complex, such as the harmony of vegetation, climate, soil and topography, the unity of tourist landscape and surrounding natural landscape, the unity of architectural layout and topography, and so on.

1) spatial layout

"High desire leads to pavilions, and low-lying land leads to ponds and swamps", gardening and metallurgy, landscape layout and design of different terrains,

Features of convex terrain: hilltops, hilltops, ridges and other landforms. Appreciating the scenery is also the focus of sight.

The characteristics of concave terrain: high perimeter, low perimeter, introverted space, with a certain sense of security. This is an ideal terrain for the location of tourist buildings.

2) Local characteristics

Selection of plants: Different plants adapt to different ecological environments. Factors such as temperature, light, moisture and soil in the ecological environment lead to certain spatial differences in the distribution of plants. This requires landscape design to meet the requirements of plants for ecological environment.

Adhering to the concept of sustainable development is also manifested in the recycling of resources in the process of landscape design. Such as the utilization of waste.

Design for the people.

(A) the scientific source of ideas

Behavioral geography, tourism marketing, tourism anthropology

(B) the concept of connotation

Concept development: market design, humanized design and experience design.

1. Market design

Tourism landscape design must be combined with the tourist market. Product positioning should examine the development characteristics and inherent image of the surrounding tourist areas, and market positioning should accurately subdivide the target market, which cannot be generalized. Only on the basis of accurate market positioning can tourism landscape design have fresh vitality.

Hotel design for business tourists and mass tourists is naturally different.

Business tourists pursue comfort and taste, while mass tourists pursue convenience and comfort.

2. Humanized design

The most important thing of tourist landscape is to meet the psychological needs of tourists in pursuit of pleasure. In particular, tourist facilities should meet the requirements of safety, privacy and scenic appreciation. Therefore, in the design of tourism landscape, we must adhere to the people-oriented concept from the spatial layout of scenic spots, restaurants and shopping places to the height of steps.

1) Respect personal space scale

Bubble: Anthropologist Edward Twitchell Hall Jr suggested that the arc formed by the movement of human upper and lower limbs determines a spherical space, which is the personal space distance. People are the content of bubbles, and the bigger space is the extension of bubble space.

Domain: Different spatial positions occupied by different species in nature. "One mountain can't accommodate two tigers".

From our own life experience, we can find that every individual has a field similar to animals, and people will maintain the field formed by its scope. If you are in conflict or interference, you will have disgusting behavior in psychology and behavior. Therefore, in landscape design, special attention should be paid to the psychological impact of the site on tourists.

2) Consider the behavior and habits of tourists.

The main behavior habits include cutting corners, finding the way and turning left.

First of all, cut corners. The lawn in the tourist area is paved with sidewalks of different materials, but there are often footprints around it, which shows that the design is unreasonable. In order to avoid this phenomenon, it may be strengthened and adjusted by fences, but it is not very comfortable. The best way is to give full consideration to people's behaviors and habits.

Second, know the way. When people don't know the walking route of the destination, they always reach the destination by groping. When they return, they are used to returning along the original road. Need to design the cycle.

Third, turn left. In tourist areas, when the pedestrian density on the road reaches more than 0.3 people/square meter, people are often used to driving on the left. It is necessary to consider the habit of left-hand traffic when designing safe passage.

3) Consider the convenience and comfort of tourists.

Step height: 12 to 16 cm, less than 10 cm. It is not suitable for setting steps, and it can be changed into a ramp.

When the length of the steps exceeds three meters, a rest platform should be set up, and the drainage slope of the steps should be kept at 1% to avoid water accumulation.

Steps should be anti-skid.

Too many steps should have guardrails.

Many tourist attractions also have special barrier-free access:

Tourists rest.

Rest space in tourist shopping street: such as the layout of various rest seats in Qianmen Street, Beijing. Especially for male tourists, it is a very humanized design.

4) It is necessary to prevent and control tourists' behavior.

For the management of tourist attractions, an important management content is tourist management. In particular, some tourists' bad behaviors should be prevented and controlled through landscape design.

Excessive humanistic care should be avoided, because the remoteness and timeliness of tourism often induce unsustainable behaviors of tourists, such as rising consumption, weakening moral sense, cultural interference, material intake and so on. Meeting the improper requirements of some tourists will affect the appreciation quality of other tourists to the tourist landscape, which will eventually lead to unfairness within the generation.

For example, the construction of Panshan Highway and Cableway saves a lot of physical strength for tourists, but it devalues the aesthetic function of famous sages and monuments, and also loses the aesthetic feeling of "relaxing muscles and stimulating the brain" in tourism.

3. Experience design (situational design)

The essence of tourism is the experience of different places. Tourism experience is the most common, universal and stable attribute of tourism phenomenon. No matter what kind of tourists, what they get through different ways of travel is not material, but beautiful experiences and memories. Different experience forms of various modes of travel.

1) The theme of experience should be distinctive.

Cultural experience

Especially the design of the gates of some scenic spots.

2) The landscape design should involve some tourists.

Originated from design and culture.

(A) the scientific source of ideas

Tourism culturology and cultural geography

(B) the concept of connotation

Conceptual development: context inheritance, place spirit and outstanding characteristics

1. Context inheritance

Tourism itself is a cultural activity. Tourism landscape can have long-term vitality only if it has specific cultural connotation and meets the psychological needs of tourists. Therefore, on the basis of resource investigation and evaluation, we should determine the core culture and design the tourist landscape. In the design, we should pay attention to the organic coordination of various landscape elements and the theme culture. As far as landscape architecture is concerned, we should pay attention to the study of local folk customs, terroir environment and other cultural connotations, draw the essence from local dwellings, and explore the cultural attribution of landscape architecture from the perspective of culturology, so as to find the focus of its creation and design a landscape architecture that adapts to nature and is skillfully constructed in the environment. At the same time, pay attention to the best expression of cultural connotation and the design of participatory dynamic tourism landscape, so that tourists can feel the essence of culture in their own experience.

2. Place spirit

The deep position feature is the spirit of place, which is rooted in the natural characteristics of place. On it, time, space, people, nature, reality and history are intertwined, and people's thoughts and feelings are often preserved. The design of tourist landscape should respect the unique tradition and history of tourist areas and pass it on to tourists through the design of tourist facilities. If the local area does not have its own architectural style, it should consider the natural environment and neutral design, rather than simply introducing architectural style from other areas.

3. Outstanding features

Tourism is a kind of cultural experience and pleasant experience in different places, so the destination choice of tourists is often a place with great cultural differences and unique personality. The uniqueness and visual shock of the landscape are important weights for tourists' satisfaction.