Construction fire safety knowledge

1. What is the knowledge about construction fire safety?

1. Construction units should strictly abide by fire protection laws, regulations and rules, and implement the fire protection work policy of "prevention first, combining prevention and fire prevention" , perform fire safety responsibilities and ensure fire safety.

2. Key fire safety units should set up or determine the centralized management department for fire protection work, and determine full-time or *** fire management personnel; other units should determine full-time or *** fire management personnel, The functional departments responsible for fire protection work can be determined.

3. The construction unit shall establish and improve various fire safety systems, including fire safety education and training; fire prevention inspections and inspections; safety evacuation facility management; fire protection (control room) duty; fire protection facilities and equipment maintenance management ; Fire hazard rectification; fire and electricity safety management; fire and explosion prevention of flammable and explosive dangerous goods and places, etc.

4. Organize and formulate fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plans that are consistent with the actual situation of the unit, and organize employees to conduct escape and self-rescue and early-stage fire fighting drills at least every six months.

5. Regularly maintain the unit's fire protection facilities, fire extinguishing equipment and fire safety signs to ensure that they are intact and effective.

6. Ensure the smooth flow of evacuation channels and safety exits. Evacuation passages shall not be occupied or obstacles affecting evacuation shall be set up on evacuation passages and safety exits. Safety exits shall not be closed during construction or work, and safe evacuation indication signs shall not be blocked.

7. It is prohibited to use open flames in places with fire or explosion risks; if electric, gas welding and other open flame operations are required due to special circumstances, the fire department and personnel should strictly follow the unit's fire management system for approval Procedures, implement on-site guardians, configure sufficient fire-fighting equipment, and remove flammable and combustible materials from fire areas.

2. What is the knowledge on fire safety in construction?

Construction units should strictly abide by fire protection laws, regulations and rules, implement the fire protection work policy of "prevention first, combine prevention with fire protection", and fulfill Fire safety responsibilities to ensure fire safety.

Key fire safety units shall set up or determine the centralized management department for fire protection work, and determine full-time or *** fire management personnel; other units shall determine full-time or *** fire management personnel, who may determine The centralized management functional department for fire protection work. The construction unit shall establish and improve various fire safety systems, including fire safety education and training; fire prevention inspections and inspections; safe evacuation facility management; fire protection (control room) duty; fire protection facilities and equipment maintenance and management; fire hazard rectification; fire use and use Electrical safety management; fire and explosion protection for flammable and explosive dangerous goods and places.

Organize and formulate fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plans that are in line with the actual situation of the unit, and organize employees to conduct escape and self-rescue and initial fire-fighting drills at least every six months. Regularly maintain the unit's fire protection facilities, fire extinguishing equipment and fire safety signs to ensure they are in good condition and effective.

Ensure the smooth flow of evacuation channels and safety exits. Evacuation passages shall not be occupied or obstacles affecting evacuation shall be set up on evacuation passages and safety exits. Safety exits shall not be closed during construction or work, and safe evacuation indication signs shall not be blocked.

It is prohibited to use open flames in places with fire and explosion risks; if electric, gas welding and other open flame operations are required due to special circumstances, the fire department and personnel should strictly follow the unit's fire management system to handle the approval procedures. Implement on-site guardians, provide adequate fire-fighting equipment, and remove flammable and combustible materials from fire areas.

3. Safety and fire protection measures at construction sites

1. Before entering the construction site, construction workers must be educated and assessed on construction safety and fire protection knowledge. Those who fail the assessment will be Employees are prohibited from entering the construction site to participate in the construction.

2. Strictly implement operating procedures, and shall not give orders or perform illegal operations. We have the right to refuse instructions for illegal operations and have the responsibility to stop others from illegal operations.

3. Personal protective equipment must be worn correctly during construction operations, and a safety helmet must be worn when entering the construction site. No private use of fire is allowed, and operating under the influence of alcohol is strictly prohibited.

4. Personnel engaged in high-altitude operations must experience it regularly. Anyone suffering from high blood pressure, heart disease, anemia, epilepsy and those who are not suitable for high-altitude operations are not allowed to engage in high-altitude operations.

5. Be sure to wear non-slip shoes when working at heights, on steel bars, or on structures.

6. On-site electricity use must be managed by dedicated personnel, and a dedicated distribution box must be set up. Indiscriminate connections and connections are strictly prohibited, and an electricity usage tagging system must be adopted to prevent illegal operations and prevent personal, circuit and equipment accidents. occurrence.

7. Electric power and distribution boxes for electric drills, electric hammers, electric welders and other electric tools must have leakage protection devices and good grounding protective ground wires. All electric tools and cables must be inspected regularly to ensure The insulation is good, and insulating shoes and gloves should be worn when using electric machines.

8. The electricity used for construction lighting on the construction site must use a safe voltage of less than 36 volts. All electrical equipment must cut off the power supply at any time when not in use to prevent equipment from burning out.

9. Where blowtorches, welding machines and fires are necessary, fire application registration must be filled out and designated personnel should be assigned to supervise and bring fire-fighting equipment with them to ensure the implementation of fire-fighting measures. When welding, pay special attention to check whether there are flammable objects below and take appropriate protection. Check after use to confirm that there is no fire before leaving.

10. When working at high altitudes and on construction sites, such as piping and wiring, equipment installation and commissioning, safety technical regulations must be strictly implemented and the work can be carried out smoothly. Illegal operations are strictly prohibited to cause accidents that should not happen. .

11. During the entire construction process, the national, provincial, municipal, and ministries’ regulations and relevant provisions on engineering fire protection must be strictly implemented.

12. Regularly prepare and maintain fire-fighting equipment, and be able to maintain and use it. Conscientiously implement the level-by-level fire protection responsibility system and do a good job in fire protection.

4. Fire safety tips

Next, I will introduce to you what to do in case of fire

When escaping from heavy smoke, keep your head down as low as possible. body and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel.

Don’t jump off the building blindly. You can use ropes or tear sheets into strips, tie them tightly to door and window stalls and heavy objects, and slide down smoothly.

When surrounded by fire and there is no other way to save yourself, you can use flashlights and eye-catching objects to continuously send out distress signals so that the fire brigade can detect them in time and organize rescue.

How do the people upstairs escape when the stairs catch fire?

People tend to panic when there is a fire on the stairs. Especially the people upstairs were so anxious that they didn't know what to do. Once such a fire occurs, you must not be afraid in the face of danger. You must first stabilize your emotions, keep a clear head, and find ways to put out the fire on the spot. For example, if the fire cannot be extinguished immediately, such as pouring water with water or covering it with wet quilts, the fire will become more intense and people will be in danger of being trapped by the fire. At this time, they should try to escape. Sometimes there is a fire in a building, but the stairs are not on fire, but thick smoke often pours into the stairwell. People upstairs can easily have the illusion that the stairs have been cut off and there is no way out. In fact, in most cases, the stairs are not on fire, and everything can be done. Get out of the way. If you are choked by smoke, you can cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel and get close to the floor or simply run away. Even if the stairs are blocked by flames, when there is no other way out, you can use wet quilts and other materials as cover to rush out as soon as possible. If the stairs have indeed been burned down by fire and you seem to be in a desperate situation, you should also think calmly whether there are other stairs to take, whether it can be transferred from the roof or balcony, whether you can borrow water pipes, bamboo poles or ropes to slide down. , is it possible to jump down level by level, etc. As long as you use your brain more, you can usually save it.

If children, elderly people, patients, etc. are trapped upstairs, they should be rescued as soon as possible, such as wrapping them up with quilts, blankets, cotton-padded jackets, etc. If there is a rope, use a rope, or if there is no rope, tie it up with a torn sheet, slide down the rope, or throw it on the balcony, roof, etc., and try to escape as soon as possible.

Calling for help is also an important rescue method. People trapped in the fire have no way to get out. When the surrounding people hear the call for help, they will also try to rescue them, or report to the fire brigade for rescue.

Ten tips for home fire emergency

1. The first fire is the easiest to put out. Before the fire truck arrives, if you can concentrate all your efforts on rescue, you can often turn the danger into safety.

2. Call the police as early as possible. The earlier you call the police, the smaller the loss will be. Remember the "119" fire alarm number.

3. Put out the fire first, and then move the property. A moment's delay can easily lead to a catastrophe. In the event of a fire, it is not advisable to rescue property first, as you may die of suffocation or lose the opportunity to escape.

4. Only by staying calm and strictly observing order can you retreat safely from the fire. If they rush to be first, crowd each other, block the passages, and trample each other, it will cause undue tragedy.

5. When the passage downstairs is blocked by fire and you have no way to escape, tear the quilt sheets and tablecloth into cloth, form a rope, fasten it to the window sill, and then use the corners of your clothes to protect your palms. abseil down.

6. If there is a fire in the adjacent room, do not open the door. Jump into the window or balcony and call for help or use other methods to escape. Otherwise, hot air and thick smoke will take advantage of the situation and make people suffocate.

7. When the smoke is thick, there is no need to panic. It is better to crawl forward with your knees and elbows on the ground, because there is often fresh air left near the ground. Note that breathing should be small and shallow.

8. If you have to go upstairs, you must hold your breath and go upstairs. Because the rising speed of thick smoke is 3-5 meters per second, and the speed of people going upstairs is 3-5 meters per second, and the speed of people going upstairs is 0.5 meters per second.

9. When escaping, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel. You can also use water from a vase, kettle, or goldfish bowl in the room to wet your clothes or cloth to cover your mouth and nose. When escaping with a baby, you can lightly cover his face with a wet cloth, hold him with one hand, and grab the baby with the other hand to escape.

10. The door to the room with fire must be closed tightly before escaping. Especially in buildings and hotels with many residents, adopting this measure can keep flames and smoke within a room and prevent them from spreading rapidly, which can buy you and everyone valuable time.

Preventive measures for fires in public places

In order to effectively prevent fire accidents in public places, in addition to strengthening fire prevention knowledge education for people, the following must also be taken Safety measures:

1. When using electric heating equipment in public places, keep away from flammable materials. For example, the infrared heater used has a very high surface temperature and can easily cause a fire if it is close to flammable substances.

2. The lighting fixtures used must keep a certain safe distance from flammable substances. Otherwise, if the lighting fixture is close to the wooden board or other combustible materials, the danger will be great. Because the surface temperature of the bulb is very high. For example, the surface temperature of a 60W incandescent lamp can reach 135-180°C; the surface temperature of a 100W incandescent lamp can reach 170-220°C. Therefore, when the light bulb is in contact with combustible materials for a long time, it will cause a fire.

3. When people use an electric iron to iron clothes or use a hair dryer to style their hair, after use, they should cut off the power in time and place it on a non-combustible base. After the residual heat from the lamp has dissipated, Store it again. Do not put it into the carton immediately after use, otherwise the residual heat will attract other flammable items and cause a fire.

4. After using the soldering iron used by people to repair electrical equipment in public places, they should also unplug the power plug first, and then place it on a non-combustible base or on the cement floor. Never place it on the floor or desk to prevent the temperature from being too high and causing fire on the floor, desk and other combustible materials

5. How to pay attention to fire safety at the construction site

(1) Establish a fire safety leadership group to be responsible for fire safety leadership at the construction site.

(2) Establish a fire safety and security team (department) to be responsible for daily fire safety management at the construction site. (3) Establish a volunteer fire brigade to be responsible for daily fire safety inspections at the construction site, maintenance of fire protection equipment and initial fire fighting.

(4) The project manager is the person responsible for fire safety at the construction site and is fully responsible for the fire safety work at the construction site; at the same time, a main leader is designated as the fire safety manager who is specifically responsible for fire safety at the construction site. work; equipped with dedicated, *** fire safety management personnel (fire cadres, fire supervisors), responsible for the daily fire safety management of the construction site.

6. Fire safety knowledge

Four abilities: 1. Ability to check and eliminate fire hazards 2. Ability to organize firefighting in early stages 3. Ability to organize evacuation and escape 4 . Ability to publicize, train and educate 1. Fire regulations and common sense 1. The "Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" was adopted at the fifth meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. Passed on October 28, 2008 and implemented on May 1, 2009. 2. Fire regulations: It is a general term for the codes of conduct related to fire protection that fire administrative law enforcement personnel and citizens, legal persons, and other organizations must follow.

3. The meaning of fire protection: preventing fires and putting out fires. 4. Fire protection policy: prevention first, combined with prevention and firefighting.

5. The principle of fire protection: adhere to the integration of specialized agencies and the masses. 6. The basic system of fire protection: fire safety responsibility system (actually: whoever is in charge is responsible) 7. The national unified fire alarm telephone number: "119" The hotel's internal fire alarm telephone number: "7119" The content of the alarm: clearly state the unit, address, and location of the fire. Please inform the fire brigade of the burning objects and fire conditions, and provide your name and phone number to the fire brigade for contact. After calling the police, you may personally or send someone to the traffic intersection at the fire scene to respond to the fire truck.

(Internal alarm: state the location of the fire, the burning materials, the size of the fire, and whether there are any flammable and explosive materials nearby. State your location, name, and phone number for easy return) 8. Why not Lie about the fire? What are the consequences? Because after the fire brigade was dispatched after receiving the false fire alarm, it reduced its preparation force. When a fire actually broke out, it lacked sufficient fire-fighting force, causing the fire to spread and causing greater losses to the safety of the country and people's lives and property.

In addition, fire trucks sounding alarms and appearing at fake fire scenes will cause people's psychological panic and chaos, affecting people's normal production, life, work order and social order. The consequences are: According to Article 47 of the Fire Protection Law, those who falsely report fire conditions and cause chaos will be subject to a warning, a fine, or detention of not more than ten days. 2. Firefighting knowledge 1. What is a fire? How did it form? How to classify? (1) Fire: Burning that is out of control in time and space, causing casualties and property losses.

(2) Formation conditions: combustibles, combustion-supporting materials, and ignition sources. Combustibles: any substance that can chemically react with oxygen or oxidants in the air. Combustion-supporting substances: anything that can help and support the burning of combustibles. substance. Ignition source: Any energy source that can cause combustion reactions of combustibles and combustion-supporting materials (3) Classification: A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Metal body 2. The four development stages of fire: initial, development, Violent, extinguished 3. What should employees do if they discover a fire? (1) Call the police (2) Use the nearest fire extinguisher to put out the initial fire (3) When the fire cannot be put out in time, the arriving firefighters should actively assist the arriving firefighters to control the fire and evacuate people and materials (4) Clean up the scene promptly after the fire is extinguished to prevent Resurrection.

4. Basic methods to put out fires: cooling method (water cannot put out: alkali metals, carbonized alkali metals, flammable liquids lighter than water and insoluble in water, molten iron and molten steel, triacids ( Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid) Do not use strong water flow, high-voltage electrical equipment without grounding equipment or cut off current), suffocation method, isolation method, suppression method. 5. Basic measures to prevent fire: control combustibles/isolate ignition sources/eliminate ignition sources 6. Basic principles of fire prevention: prevent the occurrence of burning conditions, prevent the three conditions of burning from combining and acting on each other, and adopt restrictions, Ways to weaken burning spares to prevent fire from spreading.

7. Basic principles of fire extinguishing: According to the basic conditions of combustion, all fire extinguishing measures are to destroy the already formed combustion conditions, or to terminate the chain reaction of combustion so that the fire can be controlled and extinguished to the maximum extent possible. Reduce fire losses. 8. Causes of fire: arson, electrical, illegal operation, careless use of fire, smoking, spontaneous combustion, or other natural disasters.

3. Common sense about hotel fire protection 1. What are the dangers of hotel fires? (1) There are many combustible materials in interior decoration (2) The structure is easy to cause the chimney effect (3) Evacuation is difficult and it is easy to cause casualties (4) There are many factors that lead to fires. 2. How does a fire form? (1) Human unsafe factors (2) Material unsafe factors (3) Imperfect technical equipment 3. What is the main reason for hotel fires? (1) Cigarette butts and matchsticks used by guests (the hotel stipulates three places where smoking is allowed: canteen, restroom, and dormitory) (2) Overheating of kitchen fires and oil pans (3) Construction violations (4) Electrical short circuits 4. Hotel casualties The main reason? (1) Failure to notify guests in time (2) No fire prevention and disaster relief plan (3) Use of a large amount of toxic decorative materials (4) Abnormal psychology and behavior when a fire occurs (5) Safety exits and evacuation passages are blocked 5. One knows three abilities Three meetings? One or two meetings? First knowledge: Know the tasks, policies and own responsibilities of fire protection. Three abilities: Ability to detect hidden dangers/Ability to promote fire protection knowledge/Ability to put out first fires. Three skills: Ability to use fire protection equipment/Ability to maintain fire protection equipment/Ability to call the police. All social units must ensure the smooth flow of fire evacuation passages and safety exits. Two things: (1) know how to put out first fires (2) know how to escape and save themselves. 6. What should each department pay attention to? Brief description of the housekeeping department: (1) Waiters should be familiar with the guests staying in the hotel, listen, watch and check frequently, be good at discovering existing fire hazards, pay attention to guests who drink too much and smoke, and report any abnormality immediately. (2) When cleaning the room on a daily basis, extinguish the unextinguished cigarette butts in the ashtray and pour them into the trash can. Never put unextinguished cigarette butts into the garbage bag. Pay attention to the electrical appliances, wires, and plugs in the room, if any. Short circuits, leakage, exposed threads, etc. must be reported promptly.

(3) Guests are strictly prohibited from using their own electrical appliances, such as electric stoves, rice cookers, electric irons, etc. If they are found using them, they must immediately stop them and report to superiors for handling. (4) Clean up flammable items on floors and rooms in a timely manner, such as discarded old newspapers, books, paper and wooden boxes, etc.

(5) When electrical equipment used in work breaks down, you are not allowed to deal with it privately and report it to the engineering department for repair. (6) All kinds of items are not allowed to be stacked in the aisles, stairs, and safety evacuation passages of each floor to ensure unobstructed access.

(7) After guests leave the room, they must carefully check whether there are any fire hazards in the room. Brief description of the Engineering Department: (1) Engineering Department personnel must strictly implement the hotel's safety regulations and be familiar with fire-fighting equipment. location and usage. (2) Smoking and burning old items are strictly prohibited in the workplace.

(3) When using electric welding, the construction site must be cleared first.