What slogan did Sun Yat-sen put forward in the Revolution of 1911? How to understand?

Slogan: expel the Tatars, restore China, establish the Republic of China, and have equal land rights (or "Three People's Principles" means "nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood")

(1) "Drive out Tatars and Restore China" ... nationalism (national revolution)

Gradual:

1) Opposing national oppression, opposing Manchu aristocrats, emphasizing national equality and opposing racial revolution, to a certain extent, eliminated national barriers, isolated the Qing Dynasty, accelerated the demise of the Qing Dynasty, and directed the struggle at the Qing government, which was in line with the historical development trend. Because by this time, the Qing government had completely become a tool of imperialist aggression against China. At that time, the contradiction between the people of China and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty became the contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation, and the contradiction between feudalism and the masses was the focus. Overthrowing the Qing government is tantamount to attacking imperialism that threatens the survival of the Chinese nation. In fact, it also includes the intention to build an independent and prosperous country, which is progressive and revolutionary.

② Combine nationalism with political revolution and civil rights politics. Nationalism is linked with the goal of establishing a bourgeois republic, which reflects the common aspiration of the people of the whole country and is also the most popular one in the program.

limit

(1) Nationalism only stops at overthrowing the Qing government and restoring the Han nationality.

(2) Han chauvinism is still maintained, such as condemning the rulers of the Qing Dynasty (Manchu) as "Tatars", confusing domestic ethnic contradictions and oppression with foreign aggression, and excluding Manchuria from "China".

(3) No clear anti-imperialist program was put forward. It's just that the hatred of imperialism is concentrated on its representative, the Qing government, which reflects the weakness of the national bourgeoisie.

② The establishment of the Republic of China ... Democracy (political revolution)

Gradual:

* * * has two meanings: ① overthrowing the imperial system; (2) establishing a bourgeois republic;

"Establishing the Republic of China" means overthrowing feudal autocracy and establishing bourgeois democracy. This is the core of the Three People's Principles, that is, the Programme of the League. Theoretically, it solved the political problem that revolutionaries urgently needed to solve at that time, that is, the problem of seizing and establishing political power. It not only criticized the outdated concept of constitutional monarchy, but also reflected the desire of China people to oppose feudal autocracy, and promoted the popularization of democracy and ideas, which was the goal that Sun Yat-sen fought for.

Limitations:

(1) The objects are mainly emperors and nobles, and the landlord class, as the whole feudal ruling class, has no objection. Advocate democracy, but dare not rely on the broad masses of workers and peasants, and can not find a real way out.

(3) Equal land rights ... People's livelihood (social revolution)

Analysis:

Gradual:

It shows that the bourgeoisie has begun to pay attention to solving the land problem of farmers, which is in line with the requirements of historical development. Its essence is to change feudal land ownership through "checking land price" and implement bourgeois "land state ownership", which is the land program of capitalism.

Limitations:

Dare not put forward to confiscate the land of the landlord, owned by farmers, can not fundamentally touch the feudal land ownership.

Conclusion: ① The Three People's Principles fully reflect the contradictions in a semi-colonial and semi-closed society, and try to solve these contradictions by revolutionary means. It reflects the political interests and economic demands of the bourgeoisie, and also reflects the common desire of the people of China for national independence and democratic rights, including national revolution, political revolution and social revolution. The three contents are the highest achievements of China people's struggle and exploration during the old democratic revolution. In the struggle against the reformists, it played a great role in mobilizing and organizing the masses to overthrow the feudal monarchy and establish a harmonious country.

(2) It is an incomplete program of democratic revolution and advocates nationalism, but it does not explicitly put forward anti-imperialist slogans; It advocates democracy, but does not dare to rely on the broad masses of workers and peasants; It advocates people's livelihood, but it cannot mobilize poor peasants to abolish feudal land system through bottom-up struggle. These decided that the democratic revolution could not complete its mission and change the social nature of China. Mao Zedong pointed out: "Even in the revolution, the national bourgeoisie in China is unwilling to completely split from imperialism. They are closely related to the exploitation of land rent in rural areas, so they are unwilling and unable to completely overthrow imperialism, let alone completely overthrow feudal forces."