Brief introduction of Shimonoseki massacre

1in June, 946, the Kuomintang government, with the support of the United States, mobilized a million troops to prepare for a massive attack on the liberated areas and provoke a full-scale civil war. The people of the whole country were extremely dissatisfied with the civil war policy of the Kuomintang government. Ma Xulun, Tao Xingzhi, Wang Shaohong, Xu Guangping and other famous people jointly sent a letter to Chiang Kai-shek and Marshall, urging the Kuomintang authorities to stop the outbreak of all-out civil war, and asking the US government to assess the situation, reconsider the value and significance of aiding the Kuomintang, and help China get rid of the shadow of civil war diplomatically. At the same time, they also wrote a letter to Zhou Enlai, head of the China delegation.

However, there are two completely different results before them. Chiang Kai-shek simply ignored it. China delegation, Dong, Lu and Deng jointly wrote back to Ma Xulun and Tao Xingzhi, expressing their full support for their just action against the civil war. 1946 In early June, the Shanghai Federation of People's Organizations decided to organize the Shanghai Anti-Civil War People's Congress. In mid-June, Ma Xulun, Hu Juewen, Lei Jieqiong, Bao Dasan, Yan Baohang, Wu Yaozong, Sheng Pihua, Yan Yanfang, Chen Lifu and Ma Kezhong were elected as representatives through consultation, and the Shanghai Student Peace Promotion Association elected two student representatives *** 13. Ma Xulun is the head of the delegation.

1 1 is represented by:

Ma Xulun (Professor Peking University, Executive Director of Shanghai Federation of People's Organizations)

Yan Yanfang (Chairman of Zhejiang Industrial Bank and Chairman of Siming Hospital)

Sheng Pihua (director of Shangyuan Enterprise Company and chairman of Kaimeike Pharmaceutical Factory)

Hu Juewen (Manager of Hezuo Hardware Factory)

Bao Dasan (Chairman of Schleswig Chemical Company and General Manager of Xinyi Real Estate Company)

Zhang? Bo (Director of Zhongxing Industrial Company)

Yan Baohang (General Manager of Daming Company)

Lei Jieqiong (Professor of Soochow University, Hujiang University and Aurora Women's College of Arts and Sciences)

Ng Yiu-tsung (Director, Publishing Department, YMCA)

Chen (student of St. John's University, President of Shanghai Federation of Student Organizations)

Chen Lifu (Chairman of Soochow University Student Autonomy Association, representative of Shanghai Student Peace Association)

Ma Xulun as the head, Hu Zi as the secretary-general, and Luo as the secretary. This 1 1 represents celebrities in various fields. Some patriotic Democrats stayed in Shanghai during the Anti-Japanese War, and some had close contacts with the China * * * production party in Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War. They have close ties with people from all walks of life in Shanghai and have great appeal. In the process of preparing the candidates for deputies, Liu Xiao, Liu Xiao and Luo personally worked as Democrats in the upper industrial and commercial circles. Among them, Yan Yanfang is Chiang Kai-shek's sworn brother. All the delegates expressed their determination to go to Nanjing to oppose the civil war and demand peace on behalf of the Shanghai people. Wu Yaozong also drafted an English letter to Marshall on behalf of everyone, solemnly opposing the United States' support for Chiang Kai-shek's civil war and the massacre of the people of China.

On June 23rd, the peace petition delegation left Shanghai for Nanjing, and the people of Shanghai organized a large-scale farewell party. Early in the morning, students, workers, teachers and shop assistants from all walks of life in Shanghai, including more than 300 units, gathered in Shanghai Railway Station from all directions to bid farewell to Shanghai people's representatives and student representatives to petition in Nanjing. More than 50,000 people (actually 6.5438+10,000 people, editor's note) came to the square, posted slogans, issued declarations and sang revolutionary songs. The whole square was boiling, and cheers, songs and firecrackers came one after another. Xu Guangping, Tian Han, Ye Shengtao, Wu Han, Tao Xingzhi, Sha, and other social celebrities also saw me off at the station. The main leaders of the Shanghai underground party at all levels and Feng Wenbin, the head of the Central Youth Committee, who had secretly come to Shanghai before, were present at the scene. , Zhang Chengzong, Wu, Li and other leaders of the Shanghai Academic Committee conducted at the command point near the station. On June 23rd, 1946, 50,000 or 60,000 people in Shanghai held a mass meeting in the railway station square and sent representatives to Nanjing to petition.

After an eight-hour arduous journey, the train finally arrived at Xiaguan Station in Nanjing. As soon as the delegation got off the bus, three people who claimed to be exiled youths in northern Jiangsu surrounded the delegates and asked them to explain the purpose of their visit and express their views on the current situation. Hu Ziying, secretary of the delegation, replied: The purpose of this trip is nothing more than calling for a truce between the government and China to achieve a comprehensive and permanent peace.

Suddenly someone honked the horn, and a group of thugs calling themselves "refugees" swarmed in, cursing everywhere and surrounded the delegates. The military police standing on both sides turned a blind eye and let it go. In the chaos, the delegation was divided into two parts in a planned way: Ma Xulun, Lei Jieqiong, Chen Zhongzhen and Chen Lifu were pushed into the waiting room; Sheng Pihua, Yan Yanfang, Wu Yaozong and Yan Baohang were squeezed into the western restaurant.

In the evening after 1 1, that is, after the delegates were besieged for more than five hours, there was only one gendarme and one policeman left at the door of the waiting room, but there were one or two hundred "refugees" waiting outside to commit crimes. Suddenly, a person in the "refugees" pile broke through the window and got into the waiting room, so a large number of "refugees" flocked in. Suddenly, tables and chairs flew to the delegates with soda bottles.

In order to protect Ma Xulun, Yan Baohang and Lei Jieqiong tried their best to block the mob with their bodies, but they blocked one side and exposed the other side, which was impossible to prevent. As a result, Ma Xulun was beaten. Later, Ma Xulun was pushed into the office behind the men's toilet by a gendarme to avoid being beaten again. Student representative Chen was seriously injured. Reporter Gao Ji was injured in the back and legs, with the most serious head injury and protruding left eyeball.