Wenxin Jiangnan Wansong Academy Wenxin

How to protect the academy not only as a precious material cultural heritage, but also as an important historical heritage to bring out the old and bring out the new, and use the past for the present. In the season when the flowers are red, the willows are green, and the trees are lush, I walked up and down the steps. Wansong Academy is located in the south of Hangzhou. Visit this place that you often visited when you were a child and see the old and new appearance of the once famous place.

There is a saying that "the southeast is beautiful, Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times." Zhejiang is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. It has a long history and numerous celebrities. It is known as a country of culture. This can be attributed to the academy's contribution to the development of a local culture and the spread of ancient civilization! As a famous county and provincial capital, Hangzhou has many academies, book markets, and scholars since ancient times. Since the Tang Dynasty, ancient academies such as Wansong Academy, Chongwen Academy, and Ziyang Academy have been flourishing in Hangzhou. The most famous one is Wansong Academy, which was built during the Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty (785-804 AD) and was known as " "Baoen Temple", the temple and the academy have been married and co-existed for more than a thousand years. Upon closer inspection, Wansong Academy has both the unique characteristics of other academies in my country and its unique differences.

The location is superior and the scenery is unparalleled in the world

She is located in Wansongling, Fenghuang Mountain, Hangzhou, which is shaded by ancient roads and naturally aristocratic. The Imperial Palace of the Southern Song Dynasty faces the surging Qiantang River to the east and overlooks the charming West Lake to the north. It has a quiet and pleasant environment, separated and connected with the city. It is a resort for reading and a good garden for preaching. Bai Juyi, who served as the governor of Hangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, visited the academy several times and wrote a poem for it: "On the green hills with thousands of pine trees, and the moon shines on the ten-mile sand embankment." The academy became famous. During the Qing Dynasty, Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong visited the south of the Yangtze River and Hangzhou several times. They visited Wansong Academy several times and inscribed plaques on it. Emperor Qianlong actually visited Wansong Academy five times, which shows the importance of Wansong Academy. Wansong Academy is also the birthplace of the story of "Butterfly Lovers". Liang Shanbo, a native of Yinzhou in the Jin Dynasty, and Zhu Yingtai, a native of Shangyu, who were both from Zhejiang Province, were "classmates who studied here for three years." The beautiful and beautiful legends added to the academy. With endless aftertaste, Premier Zhou Enlai said that "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai are China's Romeo and Juliet"!

The layout is exquisite and unique, with a strong traditional Chinese architectural style

When it was first built, the academy was large in scale. The main body followed the official school's "left temple and right school" structure and prepared a school field. During the Ming Dynasty, it gradually became a well-known academy with architectural features in the south of the Yangtze River during continuous expansion and reconstruction. During the Wanli period, the cabinet minister Zhang Juzheng destroyed the Tianxia Academy. Xie Shiqi, the governor of Zhejiang, and Qiao Qiao, the governor of Tixue, submitted a complaint on the grounds that "Wansong Academy worshiped the ancestors and should not be destroyed", and finally it escaped destruction. In the early Qing Dynasty, the rulers were afraid that academy lectures would lead to the rise of anti-Qing ideas among the Ming Dynasty survivors, so they suppressed academy education, and Wansong Academy also declined. During the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qian dynasties, the imperial court began to ban academies, and Wansong Academy also entered a prosperous period. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Wansong Academy continued to expand in scale after being built by Kangxi, Yongzheng, Jiaqing, and Daoguang. To sum up, in the more than 100 years from the 16th year of Zhengde (1521) to the 6th year of Chongzhen (1633), Wansong Academy experienced the ups and downs of glory and disgrace with the unpredictable and ups and downs of the political situation. In the eighteenth year (1902), it was replaced by Anding Middle School. The archway of "Teacher of All Times" and the stone tablet of "Statue of Confucius, the Most Holy Teacher" are still preserved at the site.

The new society and new century usher in a new world for the academy. In July 2001, with the attention of the provincial and municipal party committees and governments, Hangzhou City launched the reconstruction project of Wansong Academy with a total area of ??50,000 square meters. It was completely restored according to the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty and became a cultural park with a strong academy atmosphere. , Wansong Academy, which had been dormant for more than a century and was almost abandoned, has regained its appearance 500 years ago.

In order to fully reproduce the three major functions of Wansong Academy: collection of books, worship, and lectures, the reconstructed academy restored the main buildings such as Yangsheng Gate, Mingdao Hall, Dacheng Hall, and Yuxiu Pavilion. Among them, Mingdao Hall is the academy lecture hall, and the furnishings display China The imperial examination culture of past dynasties; Dacheng Hall is a place where Confucius is worshiped and has a mural of "Confucius Teaching"; Yuxiu Pavilion was originally a place for receiving visiting scholars, and now has a "Liang Zhu Study Room", which shows that Liang Zhu studied hard and "worked side by side" The scene of "No Guess"; the earlier study hall, imperial stele, pavilions, etc. were restored to their original state, and the entire academy was integrated with the natural mountains, trees, ancient vines, and strange stones. In the academy, pines tower into the sky, bamboo curtains cover the sun, and beautiful flowers are intoxicating. In the distance, you can see the setting sun on the Thunder Peak and the flowing clouds of precious stones. Nearby, you can hear the sound of pines, waves, springs, and the harmonious rhythm of insects and birds.

Being famous in the south of the Yangtze River, it has played an important role in nurturing many students.

Although the academy has gone through many vicissitudes of life, it has always maintained its scholarly atmosphere. Especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was most prosperous and became the largest academy in Hangzhou and the highest university in Zhejiang. In the 11th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1498), Zhou Mu, a right-hand political official in Zhejiang Province, wrote a memorial to correct the name of Wansong Academy, which expanded the school and increased the number of students. In the Qing Dynasty, in the tenth year of Kangxi's reign (1671), Fan Chengmo, the governor of Zhejiang, rebuilt Wansong Academy and changed its name to "Taihe Academy"; in the fifty-fifth year of Kangxi's reign (1716), Emperor Kangxi inscribed an imperial plaque on the academy with "Zhejiang Water Fu Wen" , and gave him classics such as "Guwen Yuanjian", "Yuanjian Leihan", "Zhezhong of Zhouyi", "Zhuzi Quanshu" and other classics, and the academy was renamed "Fuwen Academy" again; in March of the 16th year of Qianlong (1751), Gao Zong Hongli visited Wansong Academy for the first time and gave him a plaque with the title "The Beauty of Lakes and Mountains" and a copy of the "Thirteen Classics" and "Twenty-Two Histories" published by Wuying Palace. At that time, only Jiangning Zhongshan enjoyed this honor. Academy, Suzhou Ziyang Academy. According to historical records, during the heyday of Wansong Academy, "many scholars were created through lectures." Academic masters from all walks of life would come to Wansong Academy as a place to preach and teach. Students from all over the country regarded Wansong Academy as a place where they could learn from their teachers and seek knowledge. More than 30 great scholars, including Wang Yangming, Lu Jie, Zhu Yizun, Lu Zongkai, Sang Tiaoyuan, Qi Zhaonan, and Jin Gang, have come to the academy to teach or give lectures, and have cultivated a number of talented scholars such as Yuan Mei and Zhu Delin.

Strict academic disciplines, emphasis on academic principles, and advocating moral education are important places for inheriting the cultural heritage of the ancient country

As a cultural and educational institution for Chinese scholars, academies have always advocated religious principles, benevolence, righteousness, and morality since ancient times. The headmaster of Wansong Academy is usually a highly respected scholar, and famous teachers with Jinshi background are hired to teach. According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty", during the Zhengde and Jiajing periods, scholars "gathered for lectures, established academies, and looked at each other from far and near." At that time, the style of lecturing was popular in various academies. Wansong Academy was deeply influenced by the theory of "unity of knowledge and action" by the Neo-Confucian Wang Yangming. It focused on "explaining the truth clearly" in teaching, advocated academic ethics, academic freedom, and advocated students Self-study, self-study and self-research ensure that students choose courses to "fulfill their strengths and cultivate their talents", allowing students to "explore the essence of rationality and inquire about the source of governance", and establish a strict examination and reward system. Moral education talks about filial piety, integrity, faith and practice, and opposes the blind pursuit of fame and wealth, "to make the future bright and prosperous"; the sacrifices in spring and autumn every year must pay homage to the sages and sages, and have always been presided over by the direct descendants of the Kong family. However, in the early years of Wanli, the ruling class revived Cheng and Zhu's academic philosophy of "Ju Jing Qiong Li", and the academies, like the official schools, became a vassal of the imperial examination, making it difficult for the academies to break away from the stereotype of the eight-legged essay.

Rejuvenate and compose new songs for cultural construction

The academy plays a very important role in the development and inheritance of Chinese national culture. How to protect it as a precious material cultural heritage? Well, as an important historical heritage, it can bring out the old and bring out the new, use the past for the present, so that it can play a new and greater role in promoting the development and prosperity of socialist culture and building a modern Zhejiang that is "materially rich and spiritually rich"? In the process of creating a "learning city", Hangzhou City, which attaches great importance to cultural construction, created conditions for the academy to open the "Wansong Lecture Hall" for citizens in 2009, which was sponsored by 6 cultural propaganda units including Zhejiang University Confucian Business and East Asian Civilization Research Center* Co-organized by **, it uses lectures, seminars, training, exchanges, etc. as a platform to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the public, improve the civilized quality of citizens, and has the main task of disseminating Chinese traditional culture and modern social values ??to the public. .

Since its establishment, it has achieved very good results and has great influence. A number of well-known humanities scholars such as Yu Dan have been invited to give lectures. The audience has exceeded tens of thousands of people. Wansong Academy is continuing to write a new cultural chapter. Today, when you step into Wansong Academy with great interest and its old appearance has been transformed into a new one, you will definitely be full of poetry: "The bells in the mountains are beautiful, the pines and waves inspire poetry; the fragrance of books is fragrant, and the courtyard is deeply hidden in the past and present!"

(The author is deputy secretary-general of the Zhejiang Provincial Government Advisory Committee, president of the Zhejiang Provincial Essay Society, a member of the Chinese Writers Association, and executive vice president and secretary-general of the National Essay Societies)