The Chinese version of the seventh grade Chinese text: the complete solution of the compulsory order

part I: background knowledge and related background

1. pronunciation and meaning:

stop the horse: pull the carriage. Stay, stay. Knock, pull, pull.

talk loudly about the faults of the master: talk loudly about the faults of the princess. Speak up, speak up. Count, enumerate crimes or faults.

kill: kill. Grid, hit.

Revival by virtue: Revival by virtue.

hold it: force him. Hold, hold.

thank the Lord: apologize to the princess. Thank you, admit your mistake.

make him kowtow by force.

white clothes: common people, common people.

I'll tell you all about it: I'll send all of it to your officials.

fight: catch the blow.

strongmen: powerful people who deceive others by their power.

wife crying: wife and children crying.

one ride in our car: a broken car.

Bury the doctor with courtesy: bury him according to the etiquette of burying the doctor.

Second, the relevant background:

1. The date of birth and death of Dong Xuan

remains to be tested. Officials in the eastern Han dynasty. The words are less flat. Chenliu County, Henan Province. He used to be Beihai Xiang. When he was ordered by Luoyang, he met Princess Huyang (the sister of Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu) who killed slaves. Dong Xuan was arrested and sentenced to death. The princess appealed to Emperor Guangwu, who was furious and wanted to kill Dong Xuan. Dong Xuan said, "Your Majesty's virtue is flourishing, but how can you rule the world by killing slaves?" And tried to kill himself by hitting his head against the column. Guangwudi thought that Dong Xuanyan was right and was exempted from execution, but asked him to kowtow to the princess to apologize. Dong Xuan refused to obey, and Emperor Guangwu ordered people to make a nod. Dong Xuan put his hands on the ground and refused to bow down. Guangwudi had to stop pursuing it. Dong Xuan got the reputation of "compulsory order" for this. The capital was shocked by this incident, and Luoyang was thus rectified. When he died in 74, the emperor sent an envoy to see him, only to see cloth covered with corpses and barley. When we got on the bus, the emperor said sadly, "Dong Xuan is clean and honest, and death is known." Bury with a doctor's gift.

2. About the author

Fan Yezi is from Shunyang. Born into a clan family. His grandfather, Fan Ning, was the satrap of Jin Yuzhang, and wrote the book Gu Liang Ji Jie. Gu Liang Zhuan Shu in Notes on Thirteen Classics was written on the basis of Gu Liang Ji Jie. His father, Fan Taiguan, worshiped Dr. Jin Ziguang Lu and served as a regular attendant. He was the right-hand man of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi. He read widely and devoted himself to writing, and wrote 24 pieces of Ancient and Modern Good Words. Therefore, Fan Ye has a deep family origin, and has always regarded himself as a noble family. He is aloof and informal by nature, and he is not willing to live behind others in his official career or in his writings. To become famous, and to die. In the ninth year of Yuanjia, Fan Ye offended Stuart Liu Yikang during the mourning for Taifei in Pengcheng, and was demoted as the satrap of Xuancheng. Fan Ye was depressed, so he relied on the revision of history to entrust his ambition and began to write the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. In the twenty-second year of Yuanjia, when he finished the writing of biographies and biographies, and at the same time, he and Xie Yan * * * completed five chronicles, such as Li Le Zhi, Yu Fu Zhi, Wu Xing Zhi, Tian Wen Zhi and Zhou Jun Zhi, etc., someone accused him of participating in Liu Yikang's usurpation plot, so he died in prison. Afraid of being implicated, Xie Yan destroyed the manuscript in her hand, so that only the biographical part of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty was handed down.

Before Fan Ye's Book of the Later Han Dynasty, there were no fewer than ten important works about the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Fan Ye took the Book of the Han Dynasty as the basic historical data, took Huaying's book as the main blueprint, absorbed the strengths of other books, deleted the complexity and filled the gaps, tidied up the stories, surpassed many others, and came from behind. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, Fan Ye's Book of the Later Han Dynasty replaced the Book of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was called "Three History" together with Historical Records and Hanshu, which prevailed in the world. However, all the books of the Later Han Dynasty, except Yuan Hong's Book of the Later Han Dynasty, have been scattered one after another. So Fan Ye's Book of the Later Han Dynasty has become the most basic basis for us to study the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Fan Ye's account of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty began when Liu Xiu rose up and overthrew Wang Mang, and finally the Emperor Xiandi Zen was located in Cao Pi, which recorded the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty for 195 years in detail.

3. About the Book of the Later Han Dynasty

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is a biographical history book that records the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The book includes ten biographies, eighty biographies and eight records, and records the historical facts from Wang Mang to Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty in 1995. Among them, the author of biographies and biographies is Fan Ye in Liu and Song Dynasties in Southern Dynasties, and the author of annals is Sima Biao in Jin Dynasty.

apart from the innovation in style, the most remarkable feature of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is its clear-cut viewpoint. For example, he did not write biographies for those big bureaucrats who did nothing, but wrote biographies of loneliness for many "humble husbands", which fully showed his clear attitude of love and hate; The Biography of Danggu positively praised the strong and upright fashion of James Zhang, Fan Pang and Ying Li. In Yang Zhenchuan, Yang Zhen and his descendants' family style of honesty and integrity was praised in many places. Biography of Officials praised Cai Lun and others who were loyal to the royal family, while for Hou Lan and others, it was said that they were "fierce at home and harmful to the country". In particular, the "theory" and "praise" in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty have a great advantage in judging right and wrong with a sharp pen, praising integrity, denouncing evil and laughing at fatuity.

Although the Book of the Later Han Dynasty only contains biographies, biographies and records, but there is no table, Fan Ye's writing style is good, he is good at tailoring, and his narrative is coherent without repetition, which makes up for the lack of table to some extent. In addition, because most other historical books that record the historical facts of the Eastern Han Dynasty no longer exist, the historical value of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is even more precious.

The biggest limitation of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is that it has lost the tradition of attaching importance to peasant uprisings in Historical Records and held a negative attitude towards the Yellow Scarf Uprising. The Yellow Scarf Uprising was a great event at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, among which the main figures, such as Brother Zhang Jiao, did not make a biography. Their deeds are only attached to the biography of Huang Fusong, a bureaucrat who suppressed the peasant uprising.

The biographical part of The Book of the Later Han Dynasty was annotated by Prince Li Xian, the son of Tang Gaozong, with emphasis on explaining the text, but also referring to other Eastern Han history books; The historical facts were corrected, and it was Liu Zhao, Liang of the Southern Dynasties, who made notes for the local chronicles. His notes focused on explaining or supplementing the historical facts. In addition, Hui Dong's Supplementary Notes on the History of the Later Han Dynasty and Wang Xianqian's Collected Notes on the History of the Later Han Dynasty in Qing Dynasty were also highly valued.

Part II: Overall Comprehension

1. Ideas

This article describes Dong Xuan's impartial law enforcement, "killing" the princess's slaves, and laments the importance of strict law enforcement in governing the world, highlighting his spirit of not being afraid of powerful people and enforcing the law impartially.

second, the context of the article

in the text, the story of "Dong Xuan enforcing the law" is written first, and then the poverty situation at home after Dong Xuan's death is described.

article 1 has two paragraphs, the first of which is the key content.

the first paragraph: focus on one thing, highlighting Dong Xuan's spirit of not being afraid of powerful people and enforcing the law impartially.

Paragraph 2: Describe the poverty in Dong Xuan's family after his death, which shows Dong Xuan's honesty and integrity.

Third, the writing method

(1) The length is not long, but the context is clear

The cause of the incident is that Princess Huyang's domestic slave "killed in the daytime, because he hid in his master's house, the official could not get it". The development of the matter is: Dong Xuan found the right opportunity to "kill" the slaves, and the climax of the incident was: the princess complained, and Dong Xuan painfully explained the reasons for killing slaves; Guangwudi ordered Dong Xuan to apologize to the princess, and Dong Xuanning refused to die. The end of the incident was that Emperor Guangwu understood the truth and rewarded Dong Xuan.

(2) Pay great attention to the coordination of primary and secondary, echo the front and side, and write in a lively and varied way.

(3) Pondering over key sentences:

The emperor ordered Xiao Huangmen to hold it, made Xuan kowtow to thank the Lord, refused to obey, forced him to stop, and made him stick to the ground with both hands, but refused to bow down.

The meaning of this sentence is: Emperor Guangwu ordered the little eunuch to hold Dong Xuan and make him kowtow to apologize to the princess, but Dong Xuan refused. (Emperor Guangwu ordered the little eunuch) forced him to kowtow, and Dong Xuan held his hands on the ground and refused to bow his head. This sentence shows that Dong Xuan would rather die than follow, and shows his spirit of not being afraid of powerful people.

Fourth, the reference translation

Dong Xuan, whose word is Shaoping, is a native of Chen Liuxi. ..... Later, he was specially recruited as Luoyang county magistrate. At that time, Princess Huyang's domestic slave killed a person during the day, because (domestic slave) was hiding in the princess's house, and the officers could not catch him. When the princess goes out, she is accompanied by a domestic slave. Dong Xuan waited for them at the Wanshou Pavilion outside the Summer Gate. (Dong Xuan) stopped the carriage, drew on the ground with a knife, and loudly counted the princess's faults, yelling at the domestic slave to let him get off, so he killed (the domestic slave). The princess immediately returned to the palace and told the emperor about it. Guangwudi was furious and summoned Dong Xuan to kill him with a whip. Dong Xuan bowed his head and said, "I hope to beg for a word before I die." Emperor Guangwu said, "What do you want to say?" Dong Xuan said, "Your Majesty, you have been revived because of your holiness and virtue, but you indulge domestic slaves to kill civilians. How can you govern the world? I don't need you to kill me with a whip, I'll kill myself. " Immediately hit the post with his head, and his face was covered with blood. Emperor Guangwu ordered the eunuch to hold him and make him kowtow to the princess to apologize. Dong Xuan refused, and (the little eunuch) made him kowtow with force. Dong Xuan held his hands on the ground and refused to bow his head. Dong Xuan said, "Emperor, when you were a common people, you hid fugitives and prisoners on death row, and officials were afraid to come to the door (arrest). Now that you are the son of heaven, can't your majesty be imposed on a county magistrate?" Emperor Guangwu smiled and said, "The emperor is different from the people." Therefore, the order was: "The stiff-necked county magistrate stepped down!" Reward 3 thousand money. Dong Xuan sent all of them to your officers. Since then, we have caught and cracked down on the powerful people who rely on their power to deceive others, making them all tremble with fear. Jingshi called it "Crouching Tiger". Praise him and say, "Dong Shaoping, who has no one to beat the drums to voice grievances."

(Dong Xuan) served as county magistrate for five years. At the age of seventy-four, he died in office. The emperor sent his ministers to look at it, only to see the body wrapped in cloth, his wife and children crying, only a few welcome barley and a broken car. The emperor was very sad and said, "Dong Xuan was honest and didn't know until after his death." Because Dong Xuan once worked as an official of 2, stones, he was given a green ribbon and buried according to the etiquette of burying doctors.

the third part: reading literary works

On the first part, the courtier said, "I read the Collection of Emperor Yangdi, and I know that it is Yao and Shun, not Jie and Zhou, but how to act against it!" Wei Zhi said to him, "Although a man is a sage, he should still be vain to others. Therefore, a wise man offers his ideas and a brave man does his best. Emperor Yang relied on his talent (4) and was arrogant for his own use, so he recited Yao and Shun's words, but as a trip to Jie and Zhou, he never knew that he would fall. " He said, "It's not far before, and I belong to the teacher of ⑤." (selected from Zi Zhi Tong Jian)

Note: ① Above: The Emperor refers to Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong. 2 Aobo: profound and extensive. (3) Sage: refers to being more intelligent than ordinary people. 4 handsome talents: beautiful talents. ⑤ My genus: my generation, us.

1. Zi Zhi Tong Jian is a general history with high historical and literary value compiled by historians and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty.

2. This is a famous dialogue, which expounds how to learn from history. The idiom ""evolved from this.

3. Explain the words in the following sentences:

(1) Yao, Shun, not Jie, Zhou (Yes:) (No:)

(2) Yang-ti relies on his talent (Shi:)

(3) It is better to treat himself as someone else (by:)

4. I used to be a widow and a weak son

C, and Xiao He used to be an official in Peizhong

5. The meaning of the word "teacher" similar to that of "teacher of my family" is ()

A, in the spring of ten years, when I was attacked by my teacher, I had to learn from my teacher.

B, Shi Kuang Guqin

C and a threesome.

(1) Although a man is a sage, he should still treat himself like a fool.

(2) the past is not far away, and I belong to a teacher.

(Answer: 1. Sima Guang; Chronology 2, the past is not forgotten, the teacher of the future 3, (1) praise; Deny (2) rely on (3) to accept (4), (5), (6) to be a gentleman, even if his intelligence exceeds that of ordinary people, he should be self-humble to accept other people's opinions. (2) Remember the past experience and lessons, which can be used for reference in the future. )