Known as the "pepper queen", how should Chaotian pepper prevent diseases in peacetime?

Pepper is called "pepper queen" because it can enrich the taste of dishes, which is basically a standing vegetable in restaurants. Especially Sichuan cuisine and Hunan cuisine, which are famous for their spicy taste, Chili is the protagonist. In recent years, pepper has won the title of "spicy sky", and its price has also risen all the way, and its planting area has also increased exponentially.

In the process of pepper planting, disease is the first obstacle to improve the yield per mu. Among them, mosaic virus disease, epidemic disease and anthracnose are called three major diseases of pepper. They have the same characteristics: once it happens in a large area, it is almost devastating, resulting in a reduction of production by about 70%.

Then, if these three diseases cannot be prevented in time and effectively, it means that peppers are basically white this season, so it is better to go out to work early-the income is stable and you don't have to take too many risks.

Of course, the principle of prevention and control of these three diseases is "prevention first, treatment second". When you find the disease, the reduction of production has already happened, but the difference is big.

1, pepper mosaic virus disease, pepper mosaic virus disease, the pathogen causing the disease is virus, and its main source is cucumber mosaic virus? Pepper mottle virus is abbreviated as pepper mottle virus, tobacco mosaic virus, potato Y virus (PVY) and potato X virus (PVX). The disease is most likely to occur at the seedling stage after transplantation, but it will occur throughout the growing period in southern China.

Mosaic virus disease is characterized by chlorotic macula and surface wrinkling at the initial stage of the disease. With the aggravation of the disease, the growth of pepper gradually stopped, the leaves became smaller, the plants became shorter, and the pepper fruits grew less and less.

Control scheme: The compounds that can be used to control mosaic virus disease in the market include steroid alcohol, amino oligosaccharide, moroxydine, copper acetate, toxic phosphorus, chain protein, ethylicin, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, etc.

When using the above compounds to control diseases, imidacloprid or thiamethoxam and seaweed liquid foliar fertilizer should be added at the same time to kill the transmission source, improve the robustness and immunity of plants, and achieve twice the result with half the effort.

2. Chaotian pepper disease Chaotian pepper disease has become a "production reduction killer". The pathogen of Phytophthora capsici is Phytophthora capsici? Leonian), a pathogenic fungus belonging to Phytophthora subgenus. Diseases can occur on leaves, stems and fruits, especially in high temperature and high humidity climate conditions, which can cause diseases in the whole field in just 5 days.

Pepper blight occurred in seedbed stage.

(but not much), the peak period is around flowering. If it is not prevented in time, it will lead to falling buds and flowers, resulting in reduced production.

Symptoms at seedling stage: yellowing spots appear in the early stage, and develop into white-brown round spots in the middle and late stage, which can cause diseases in the middle and edge of leaves, and finally cause defoliation, and the plants do not wither.

Symptoms of adult stage (budding stage): black strip patches appear on the upper part of the stem, black spots appear on the leaves, and flower stalks and fruit stalks will also become common diseases, which will eventually lead to falling leaves, flowers and fruits.

Control scheme: It is suggested to spray metalaxyl and mancozeb 300 times solution or thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution and brassinolide 10ml on the leaves of pepper fields without diseased plants before rain or before germination, and then spray again after rain;

For pepper fields with mild disease, 750-fold solution of dimethomorph cymoxanil/0/000-fold solution of dimethomorph10ml+brassinolide10ml was sprayed on the leaves, with an interval of 7 days, and the medicine was used twice continuously. Only taking 1 time can only temporarily inhibit the development of the disease, and it is necessary to consolidate taking 1 time.

3. Pepper anthracnose Pepper anthracnose is caused by fungi belonging to Hemiptera and Anthracnose subfamily. Pathogens attach to the surface of seeds with conidia or sleep in seeds with hyphae, and sowing with bacteria will cause seedling diseases; Bacteria can also overwinter in the soil as mycelium or sessile bacteria, becoming the main source of infection in the next season.

Its onset sites are leaves and fruits, and the onset period is long, which can occur throughout the growth period. Under normal circumstances, when farmers find disease spots, the difficulty of treatment has increased, so prevention is also the main thing.

Symptoms of leaf diseases: It usually occurs on old leaves, and at the initial stage of the disease, it will produce nearly round and brown spots, or small black spots arranged in a wheel shape. As the disease gets worse, the leaves will turn yellow and fall off.

Fruit disease: waterlogging spots appeared in the early stage, and the spots were slightly sunken, and orange-red spots with obvious ring lines appeared on the surface of the spots, and the spores became black spots when they matured.

When the weather is wet, it will overflow a light pink granular sticky substance; When the weather is dry, the affected area will shrink, become like paper, and break and puncture.

Prevention plan: this plan is to take medicine before onset.

70% thiophanate-methyl water dispersible granule 800 times +80% mancozeb wettable powder 1000 times 45% pyraclostrobin. 750 times thiophanate-methyl suspension concentrate /750 times pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate can be used together with 12 kinds of foliar fertilizers with medium and trace elements.

In addition to these three diseases, the diseases that will occur in pepper include damping-off, damping-off and bacterial wilt. The prevention of all diseases is "prevention first, treatment second". With the improvement of farmers' awareness of plant protection in recent years, it has changed from heavy management to heavy prevention.

In short, not only peppers, but also all crops should follow this basic eight-character policy of plant protection.