Precautions and slogans in the teahouse

Brief introduction of Zhu Ziqing's life

Zhu Ziqing (1898- 1948)

Modern famous poet, essayist, scholar and democratic fighter.

Formerly known as Hanako. Pei County,No. Qiushi, pen name Yu Jie, Bai Zhi, etc. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, he was born in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province on June 22nd. Born in a scholarly family. His grandfather, Zhu Zeyu, was born in Shaoxing and his real name was Yu. Because he inherited the Zhu family, his surname is Zhu. Grandma Wu. Xiaopo's father's name is Zhou and his mother's name is Zhou. When I was six years old, my family and I settled in Yangzhou. When I was a teenager, I was unsmiling, earnest in my studies, calm and stubborn, totally honest, excellent in personality and academic performance, fond of reading novels and quite ambitious. I once called myself a "writer." Thirteen years of living in Yangzhou and the beautiful lakes and mountains there have always made his feelings poetic.

19 16 was admitted to Peking University Preparatory College and married Ms. Wu Zhongqian at the end of the same year. 19 17 summer, due to the deterioration of family economic situation, it was renamed "Ziqing" to reduce the family burden. Because of Dong An's slow temper and slow temper in Everything is done wrong, he used the word "Pei County" as a self-warning policy, and he was admitted to Peking University one year in advance.

19/kloc-joined the new wave poetry club in 0/9 and began to write new poems. In February of the same year, his first novel, Sleep, Little Man, was published. He took an active part in the May 4th Patriotic Movement and the New Culture Movement, and embarked on the road of literature. In three years, he completed the four-year course and graduated early on 1920. Since then, he has taught in middle schools in Hangzhou, Yangzhou, Shanghai, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Ningbo and Shangyu, and at the same time engaged in the creation of new poems and essays. 1922, together with Yu Pingbo and others, he founded Poetry Monthly (the first poetry magazine in the history of modern literature). His poems show a new style of purity and simplicity, or eagerly pursue light and look forward to the future, or forcefully attack the dark world and expose the bloody life, full of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary spirit.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/925, he went to Beijing as a professor of Tsinghua University. 1August, 928, the collection of essays "Back" was published, which aroused strong repercussions in the literary world and was unique with its simple, simple, fresh and beautiful style. In the same year,165438+1October 26th, his wife Wu Zhongqian died of illness in Yangzhou, which was a great blow to him.

193 1 In April, I met Ms. Chen Zhuyin and went to Europe for further study and tourism in August of the same year. 1932 After returning to China in July, he wrote "Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel" and still served as a professor in Tsinghua University. In August of the same year, he married Chen Zhuyin. After 1934, he participated in the editing of Literature Quarterly.

1937, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, moved to Changsha, Kunming, Mengzi and Chengdu with the school, and served as Professor The National SouthWest Associated University at Changsha Temporary University. During this period, he wrote the essay "The Shadow of China" and co-authored books such as "Chinese Teaching" with Ye Shengtao.

After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, he actively supported Kunming students against the Kuomintang's civil war. 1946, he returned to Beijing from Kunming and served as the director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. In July, the famous democratic fighters Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were assassinated by Kuomintang agents. Regardless of his personal safety, he attended the tragic memorial service of Li and Wen held by all walks of life in Chengdu and reported Wen Yiduo's life story. 1946 10 He returned to Peiping from Sichuan, and on 1 10 served as the convener of "sorting out Mr. Wen Yiduo's works".

On June 1948 and 18, he was seriously ill, but he still signed a declaration protesting against the American policy of aiding Japan and refusing to accept American aid for flour, and told his family not to buy the flour rationed, and always maintained the noble integrity and precious sentiment of an upright patriotic intellectual. 12 died in Peiping at the age of 5 1 0/40 in August. Mao Zedong once praised him as "a man who was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than accept American relief food", which showed "the heroism of our nation".

Zhu Ziqing worked hard all his life. There are 26 kinds of poems, essays, reviews and academic research works with more than 2 million words. His posthumous works were compiled into Zhu Ziqing's Collection and Zhu Ziqing's Selected Poems.

After Zhu Ziqing died of illness, he was buried in Wan 'an Cemetery near Xiangshan, and the tombstone was engraved with "Tsinghua University Professor Zhu Ziqing's Tomb". In 1990, his wife Chen Zhuyin died and was buried with her husband.

Zhu Ziqing's moral integrity won the admiration of the people and high praise from Comrade Mao Zedong. He wrote in the article Farewell to Si Tuleideng: "When Wen Yiduo was angry, he was angry with the Kuomintang pistol. He would rather fall than give in. Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than accept American relief food. " "We should write praises for Wen Yiduo and Zhu Ziqing. They showed the heroism of our country. "

Zhu Ziqing 1920 graduated from the Philosophy Department of Peking University, and 1925 taught in the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. After 1928, he mainly engaged in literary criticism and the study of ancient China literature. 193 1 went to study in Britain and returned to China the following year to succeed Professor Tsinghua University.

His prose has sincere and natural feelings, simple and concise language, rigorous and exquisite structure, and fresh and euphemistic artistic style. The Back is the masterpiece of his early prose. His later prose is more refined and mature, closer to spoken English, but lacks the touching feelings of his earlier prose.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he moved with the school and became a professor at National Southwest Associated University. The reality made him gradually establish the revolutionary democratic thought. After his successful return to Beijing, he continued to teach in Tsinghua University and actively participated in mass movements and student movements against the Kuomintang reactionaries. He refused to buy American "relief food" under the condition of poverty and illness, showing noble national integrity and patriotism, and was respected by the people of China.

Zhu Ziqing is a patriotic intellectual, praised by Comrade Mao Zedong as "showing the heroism of our nation". His original name was Hanako, A Rope and an Autumn Harvest.

From 65438 to 0925, he became a professor in Tsinghua University, and his writing turned to prose. At the same time, he began to study classical literature. 1928, he published his first collection of essays, The Back, and became a famous prose writer in the literary world.

Writing background

This article is the author's memory of eight years ago.

At that time, the author was studying in the philosophy department of Peking University. When she learned that her grandmother had died, she rushed from Beijing to Xuzhou and went back to Yangzhou with her father to attend the funeral.

After the funeral, my father went to Nanjing to find a job, the author went back to Beijing to study, and the father and son said goodbye in Pukou.

The gist of a paragraph.

The full text is divided into three parts:

1. Part I (first paragraph):

Missing my father, the most unforgettable thing is his "back". Opening point.

2. The second part (from "that winter" to "My tears are coming again"):

Recalling the past, recalling the scene of parting from my father at the station, shows the sincere feelings that my father loves his son.

The first floor (from "That Winter" to "We Will Walk Together"):

Explain the family situation when the father and son broke up this time, and render a sad atmosphere for writing "Back".

The second floor ("From Nanjing to" ... Too clever "):

Write about my father's careful care before leaving, paving the way for writing "back"

The third layer (from "I said" to "... Here we go again"):

Describe my father's "back" when he climbed the railway to buy oranges, and express sincere feelings.

3. Part III (last paragraph):

Write down goodbye and miss your father. Lacrimosa reappeared "the back" as the conclusion, directly expressing deep nostalgia.

theme

Through the description of the scene where the father saw his son off at the station, he showed his meticulous love for his son and his nostalgia for his father.

The article is about 19 17, written in 25 years. During this period, the social conditions in China were: warlords were divided, imperialist forces were fighting in secret, intellectuals were in a precarious situation, and the working people were miserable. Although the author didn't put himself into the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle from the standpoint of revolution at that time, as an upright, kind and upright intellectual, he was bound to feel depressed in society and feel lonely and desolate. Isn't it? Due to the darkness of society, the author's family is more and more embarrassed. "The situation is very serious" and "the situation is getting worse"

At first, the author's father was "idle", and later he was "running around" in order to find a job, and even "depressed" in the old place.

All these reflect the reality that intellectuals are busy, have a dim future, have a hard job and are in a miserable situation. A cloud hangs over their hearts, just like the pessimistic tone of this article.

In this context, the sincere, deep and touching love between father and son written by the author is not only a kind of traditional pure and noble feelings in line with our national ethics, but also a consideration for father and son, especially the fatherly love between father and son. It combines bitterness and sadness, including the struggle against bad luck and the struggle against the old world with weak human feelings. Although this is only a kind of resentment rather than angry resistance, it will also cause people's sympathy, sigh and even strong * * * sound.

The story in Back is very simple. A small official who lost his job sent his son to study in the north and saw him off at the railway station. In old China ruled by warlords, this kind of thing was very common. In that dark society, even this well-off family can't stand the blow of natural and man-made disasters. The article records the misfortune of the author's family and the gloomy world at that time, and reflects the social reality at that time from one side.

Although this society no longer exists, the recorded scenes still have a historical understanding for our readers today, especially the younger generation.

Writing characteristics

This essay is characterized by grasping the characteristics of the character's "Hui" proposition, organizing materials and expressing the deep feelings between father and son in narrative.

"Hui" appeared four times in the article, each time the situation was different, but the thoughts and feelings came down in one continuous line.

The first time is the beginning of the article, the title is "Hui", and the whole article has a strong emotional atmosphere.

The second time was at the farewell scene of the station. The author gives a detailed description of his father's "back", which is the focus of his writing. Father's fat body, wearing a big jacket of black cloth and a dark blue cotton robe, struggled across the railway to buy oranges for his son. This shot shows the father's deep affection for his son, which moved his son to tears.

The third time, after the father and son said goodbye, the son watched his father's "back" disappear in the crowd, leaving his own feelings and making people cry.

The fourth time was at the end of the article. When my son read his father's letter, his father's "back" reappeared with tears. He couldn't miss himself and echoed the beginning of the article.

This work shows the sincere feelings between father and son to the fullest, but it is different from the general portrait works, focusing on the description of expression, voice, smile and appearance, but grasping a feature of the figure's "back" and sparing no effort to make a detailed description.

Why does the author handle it this way?

This is closely related to the author's family and mood.

Because my father was "depressed" in his later years, he suffered a lot and was down and out for half his life.

When his family was poor, his grandmother died and he went to look for a job. His father took pains to send his son to Beijing, climbed the railway to buy oranges for his son, and repeatedly reminded him to be careful along the way.

My father was in a bad mood at that time, and so was my son.

Then, the author grasps his father's "back" to describe and express his thoughts and feelings in a specific environment, which naturally achieves a strong artistic effect.

It is precisely because the work is about a specific family, the mood, love and pity between a loving father and a dutiful son, and there is a faint sadness between the lines, which is even more sincere and moving.

1. Nationalization:

The language of Hui is very faithful and simple, and also very elegant. This highly nationalized language is in harmony with the national spirit expressed in Back and the perfect structure of the article in Back. Without the beauty, elegance and conciseness of the language of Back, there would be no elegance of Back.

2. Concise:

The article is clean and tidy, and there are no superfluous words. Even a word "de" and a word "le" must be used before they can be used. Except for some classical Chinese words, there are no colorful words. Rare words are simple and natural family words, with a strong flavor of life and very concise extraction.

3. Simple:

"Back" describes the facts in a straight line, without any modification or rendering.

In the whole article, I wrote about the father's concern and care for his son and his gratitude for missing his father. However, abstract and ready-made words like "care", "love" and "gratitude" are useless in the article, and there are no flowery words. Taepo is a performance by Da Qiao.

The words and sentences used in this article are carefully studied and will never be used casually.

For example, the farewell paragraph: "My father is very busy and has already said that he will not send it. Let a familiar waiter in the hotel accompany me. He repeatedly told the waiter to be very careful. " If you use "say", the "agree" here seems reasonable, but it is much worse. I decided not to send it at first, but I did in the end. In fact, it is said that this is uncertain, which shows my father's ambivalence at that time. The word "familiar" shows that this teahouse entrusted by my father should be reliable; "Repeated exhortation" means that the waiter has been told many times and explained repeatedly to avoid any omissions by the waiter; "Be very careful" means the details of the instructions, and all the subtle details that should be paid attention to when saying goodbye are mentioned. These terms emphasize that the father has made extremely careful consideration and arrangement for his son to get on the bus. Although the words are very common, they are used properly, which makes the father's love for his son vividly on the paper.

4. About

Plain and concise language, but it can convey infinite affection is another major feature of the article language. The whole text is plain, but there is a deep homesickness between the lines, which is very touching. Writing is very common, nothing special, and readers have this kind of life experience, so it is easy to cause associations, thus finding common and most precious beautiful feelings in the world, giving people a temperament and enhancing people's understanding of the inheritance style.

5. Literary inclusiveness:

The reasons for the appearance of classical Chinese in the article are as follows: the author has a profound knowledge of classical Chinese, and classical Chinese words are often included in stylistic articles at that time, which is on the one hand; On the other hand, the use of Chinese words in the article may also be related to the author's thoughts and feelings at that time.

For example, if you don't say "unemployment" or "losing your job",

As for "idleness", it seems that "idleness" is not as harsh and embarrassing as "unemployment". In the last section, because my father's letter was written in classical Chinese, the original sentence was quoted to make it more authentic, and because it expressed all the difficulties, gloomy mood and complicated feelings of my family and father, many classical Chinese words were used, which also gave petty-bourgeois intellectuals a special language color of the times.

As far as writing is concerned, the main feature of "back" is line drawing. The author writes about his father's back and describes the scene of crossing the railway when buying oranges, completely using the technique of line drawing.

As far as I know, the so-called sketch is to write down the scene truthfully with plain words without metaphor, description and modification, giving readers a sense of experience. In other words, the narrative method is used to describe the sketch, so as to achieve the artistic effect of reproducing the real scene.

The author's skill in sketching on the back is very high. Please read the following text:

I saw him wearing a small black hat, a big black jacket and a dark blue cotton robe, stumbling to the railway and slowly leaning down, which was not difficult. But when he crossed the railway, it was not easy to climb the platform over there. He climbed up with both hands, and his feet shrank again; His fat body leans slightly to the left, showing signs of hard work. Then I saw his back, and my tears soon flowed down. I quickly dried my tears, fearing that he would see it and others would see it. When I looked at him again, he had hugged the scarlet orange and turned around. When crossing the railway, he first scattered oranges on the ground, climbed down slowly, and then picked them up and walked away. When I got here, I helped him quickly.

The father's back, the son is too familiar. But this time, what I want to describe is not the ordinary back, but the back that made him extremely moved and unforgettable on a specific occasion! Instead of using thick ink or heavy colors, the author draws lines.

The author recorded his father's dress and posture at that time, especially the scene of crossing the railway.

How to walk, how to lean down, how to climb the platform, how to climb down, how to move your feet, how to lean down, are all carefully and truthfully recorded. After reading it, we felt as if we were there, and we also saw a kind father's care and consideration for his son.

The author has no pen and ink to describe or exaggerate. He vividly described the image of his father in extremely simple language.

The scene of father's farewell took place eight years ago. The author vividly reproduced the moving scene at that time with the words of stick figure, and we can't help but admire Zhu Ziqing's description skills. At first glance, this kind of pen and ink seems to be "I haven't seen my father for more than two years, and the most unforgettable thing is his back." Writing seems dull, but in fact it reveals novelty:

Why can't I forget my father's voice and smile the most, but his "back"? This creates suspense and makes readers eager to continue reading, which naturally leads to the following narrative. The word "no meeting" is also quite meaningful, and you will understand it after reading it.

The first time I shed tears, it was sadness.

The author rushed from Beijing to Xuzhou with a heavy heart to attend the funeral with his father. Seeing "the mess in the yard", he was shocked and couldn't help crying.

Generally speaking, if people are in poverty and helplessness, they often fantasize about the gift of external forces, hoping to save the day and embark on a smooth road again. Forced by life, my father is going to Nanjing to find a job with the luck of "God never shuts one door but he opens another". In fact, due to the crazy plunder of imperialism, the cruel oppression of feudalism and the years of infighting among warlords, the broad masses of people are struggling to die. When there are a lot of hungry people and refugees, it is even harder to find a job than to ascend to heaven!

In this article, the author first explained the family situation at the time of separation: my grandmother died, my father lost his job, I sold the pledge to pay off the old debt, and I borrowed new debt to deal with the funeral. In this double whammy day, my father went out to look for a job and my son left home to study. This is really a sad parting. These explanations explain the background of the separation of father and son, and render a sad and sad atmosphere for writing "Hui". It successfully paved the way for deepening the theme. There are many such foreshadowing in the article. For example, before describing the father buying the back of an orange for his son, write that the father personally sent his son to the station, looked after the luggage, chose the seat and entrusted the waiter. Writing these careful concerns paves the way for the detailed description of "Hui" below.

"Stay in Nanjing" is not the main content of this article, and the author has no intention of "going around", so he only touches on it briefly.

When I arrived at Pukou Station, my father was busy looking after my luggage, hired a porter for me, personally sent me to the car and chose my seat. My father took care of him so carefully, but he was still a little worried, so he took pains to tell me a lot, just like telling a young child who had never been far away, so that "I laughed at his pedantry." What a pity to inherit the wind! The author's detailed description of his father's actions, language and personality highlights his father's thoughtfulness and concern for "I" and truly establishes the image of a loving father.

At that time, "I" failed to understand my father's feelings for his son, thinking that it was all trivial matters. "I always felt that his speech was not pleasant to hear" and "I laughed at his pedantry". Now I realize my father's many benefits to me, and then I blame myself, "I was really smart."

Self-reproach shows that you really understand your father's love. Show a sense of guilt. You hate yourself for not understanding your father's love.

My father sent me to the car and took care of everything. I also advised my father to "go". My father has something important to do, but he still has to buy some oranges. This is how my father loves his son.

Why is it so touching to buy oranges?

Because it is quite difficult for my father to climb up and down through the railway. At this point, there are twists and turns in plain writing, which pushes the article to a lyrical climax.

My first "look", worrying about my father's difficulties from my fantasy, indicates the next "look". "There are some vendors outside the fence on the platform", "I" looked and thought: To reach the platform, you must cross the railway, jump down and climb up. My father is a fat man, so naturally he will feel annoyed. In this way, it not only laid the foundation for the development of the plot, but also explained the environment of the characters' activities to set off their difficulties and hardships.

Why did father bother to buy oranges? The author explained it first. Every sentence is crucial. Why do we have to cross the railway? Because the seller is outside the fence of the platform over there. Why cross the railway? One is "you must jump down and get up", and the other is that your father is fat.

Focus on description and elaborate description. Write about my father's clothes and draw a general picture. There are not many sentences, but they are full of affection, because only at this time, under the specific situation that father and son are about to leave, the clothes that father are familiar with will attract the author's attention like that; His hard-working back was so touching that he left an indelible impression on the author.

The third "look" of "I" is a "look" full of tears. Tears are about to drop, tear drops. At this time, I saw his back, and my tears quickly flowed down. This is the back in the misty eyes, and this is the back of the beloved son who respects his father.

Here, a brief summary of the previous specific observations is the starting point of the deep feelings of Xu Li. Here, I show my psychological activities with my back in sight and tears in touch, so as to set off the special effect of my father's orange buying behavior.

Tears for the second time, because I was moved.

The most touching thing about my father's image is that he staggered back and forth to buy oranges for me, and his sincere and burning feelings reached the highest point. Man is not a stone, how can the author not cry for it?

This figure is so touching because the author wrote his own feelings. At that time, the author was a 20-year-old man who wrote several times to express his disapproval of his father's behavior. Now, "my tears are coming down."

It is precisely because this figure is so touching. This kind of affection between father and son is very touching. With the feelings of parents and children, father's love can be most powerfully set off. This summer is particularly infectious. At that time, the author must have thought a lot, but he didn't write anything, only used tears to set off this moving figure.

"Fear": I am afraid that my father will be sad when he sees it; Afraid people will see you? Awkward.

When I wrote about my father's return, I didn't elaborate on the scene of the railway climbing the platform. Instead, I used my father's actions of "scattering" and "picking up" oranges to show the process of getting up and down the platform. My father came back with bright red oranges. "When crossing the railway, he first scattered oranges on the ground, climbed down slowly, then picked them up and left." He put down the orange and picked it up again, not afraid of trouble at all. This way of writing enriches the article and avoids repetition. The words "pick up" and "scatter" also indicate that a lot of oranges are bought.

He walked to the car. "Put the orange on my fur coat." So I jumped on the dirt on my clothes and felt very relaxed. "My father used several oranges he bought hard, but he didn't even taste any. All this was left to his son, so he felt very relaxed. In the father's mind, the son is everything! Here, the love of a loving father and son is vividly displayed. This "dirt on clothes" complements the image of climbing up and down in front.

This relaxed mood is a kind of love, which tells the reason why my father refused to let me go alone: the more I fulfilled my father's responsibility, the more satisfied I felt. At the same time, the author depicts the psychology and feelings of the characters not through dialogue, but through actions, showing that although his father is in a heavy mood, he has to restrain his sadness because he is afraid of his son's sadness, and the "dirt on his clothes" deliberately shows that "his heart is relaxed."

The final farewell is mainly described in words. Until the breakup, the father told his son: "I am leaving; Write it over there! " Finally, I took a few steps back and told me, "Go in, there's no one inside." At this point, I have been distracted by my son's safety during the trip. Although the words of exhortation are simple and sincere, they have deep feelings.

"Integration" is accurate, because there are many people coming and going in the station.

Such a loving father will certainly burst into tears when his back disappears into the crowds coming and going.

Finally, I mentioned my back again, and I had a deep understanding of my father. This time, I felt particularly sorry, disappointed and attached, and ended this paragraph with "My tears are coming again", which increased the touching power of my back.

You can see the faint sadness here. Teenagers, that is, the "youth" now.

My father went out to make a living and ran around, but as a result, the situation at home was still "getting worse every day" and "the old country is so depressed!" According to the author's article "The History of Laughter", the family was heavily in debt at that time, "even the interest could not be paid on time, so everyone refused to borrow it; Moreover, they are all looking for profits and capital. " From this, we can see the sad situation that the petty bourgeoisie at that time had to go bankrupt despite repeated struggles under the pressure of Chinese and foreign reactionaries.

"But in the last two years, he finally forgot my bad. Just thinking about me and thinking about my son. "

At the beginning of these words, my father and son were separated by Qianshan, but I still felt the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn. Fathers, in particular, think not only of their sons but also of their grandchildren.

Only after reading these can we understand all the intentions of my father's love for me. In the past two years, my father's love for "me" is not only human nature, but also a very important factor in the relentless pressure and pain that society has given him. In poverty, my father looked back on his bumpy life. With the passage of time, this well-off family that can "support independently" went bankrupt. This is a living textbook! Learn from a painful experience and dare not look back on the past or look forward to the future.

Where is the hope? Where are the lights? Fathers who have experienced the pain of life and witnessed the indifference of the world have to rely on their children and grandchildren to get ahead and place ardent hopes on the future.

The third time my son shed tears, it was sad tears.

The conclusion of reappearing my father's "back" in crystal tears echoes the beginning of the article, further highlighting the deep impression left by my father's "back" on me and expressing the author's infinite yearning for his elderly father, which is touching and touching.

Close the full text, the sound is like a wisp, and the feeling is long.

Very plain, even too simple, but after careful taste, I think simplicity contains true feelings, which contains a touching power. Mr. Zhu said that Zhu Ziqing's prose "sees magic in plain", which we can see from the following description.

The core of line drawing is "truth"; In fact, truth is the essential feature of Zhu Ziqing's prose art. It is good to analyze prose now and often analyze its artistic conception. However, we can't analyze "back" like this. 1947, when the editor of Literary Knowledge asked Zhu Ziqing this question, he replied:

I wrote back because of the sentence in my father's letter quoted in the article. I really burst into tears when I read my father's letter. Many of the benefits my father treated me, especially those described in the back, are almost the same when I think of them. My article is only realistic, and it seems that I can't talk about artistic conception. (The third episode of "Literary Knowledge" series)

These words of the author not only tell us the opportunity to write "Hui", but also show that this essay is completely realistic and far from artistic conception. The reason for the success of this paper is to express the author's true feelings in simple words. Zhu Ziqing's love, nostalgia and gratitude for his father are all reflected in the specific narrative and description. This feeling is sincere and strong, and just right. The author wrote the sincere feelings between father and son so touching that readers sang * * * for it, which is even the reason why The Back never forgets. When we analyze the back, we don't need to explore its artistic conception and so on. By mastering the authenticity of content and feelings, we can deeply understand the benefits of this article. A word "truth" is a key to grasp the whole article.