Atlas of crop diseases and insect pests and their control

1. Knowledge of crop pest control (crop pest control)

Knowledge of crop pest control (crop pest control) 1. Crop pest control

In spring, the weather is getting hotter and the rain is abundant, which is very beneficial to the growth of crops. However, high temperature and high humidity are easy to cause weeds and lead to many diseases and insect pests. Farmers should conscientiously do a good job in field intertillage management and pest control.

Rice: Rice blast: Pay attention to rational fertilization and irrigation, spraying 75% tricyclazole 25-30g and water 50kg per mu, or spraying 40% tricyclazole 100-250g and water 50kg per mu. It is suggested that the field with serious disease should be prevented once after half a month.

Rice planthopper: remove weeds along the ditches in the field in time and control them with 50% diazinon EC and 10% Dagong wettable powder. Potato: late blight: intertillage and cultivate the soil in time, and spray 600-800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder every 5-7 days for 2-3 times in a row, or spray 1%-2% copper sulfate solution every 7 days for 2-3 times in a row.

If the central diseased plant is found, it should be removed in time. Pepper: Diseases: Pay attention to drainage, reduce the spread of diseases, and dry the soil.

Spraying before onset: You can choose Lvbang 98 wettable powder diluted 600 times for foliar spraying, or diluted 65438 times for root watering; It can also be sprayed with 12% green milk copper EC600 times; Spray treatment at the initial stage of onset: once every 5~7 days, spray 2~3 times. Duan Dekai.

2. How to control crop diseases and insect pests

Diseases and pests in pumpkin and zucchini production will directly affect their quality, yield and output value, and common chemical control methods are easy to cause pesticide pollution.

In the production of pollution-free pumpkin and zucchini, a series of effective measures can be taken to control pests and diseases, such as selecting varieties with strong resistance, treating seeds by physical measures, cultivating strong seedlings, strengthening scientific cultivation management, cleaning the countryside, and stubble rotation. These measures must be strictly operated as agricultural ecological control techniques for pollution-free production. On this basis, biological control measures are mainly taken for various pests and diseases occurring in the growth process, supplemented by chemical pesticides that are allowed to be restricted in the production process, and physical (insect-proof nets, sunshade nets, insect-trapping lamps, yellow boards, etc.) comprehensive control technologies. ) and chemistry (sweet and sour venom trapping), artificial and mechanical killing, natural enemy utilization, etc. Try to keep the balance between agricultural ecosystem and biodiversity environment, and reduce the economic losses caused by various pests and diseases to a minimum.

3. Several methods of crop pest control

In spring, the weather is getting hotter and the rain is abundant, which is very beneficial to the growth of crops. However, high temperature and high humidity are easy to cause weeds and lead to many diseases and insect pests. Farmers should conscientiously do a good job in field intertillage management and pest control.

Rice: Rice blast: Pay attention to rational fertilization and irrigation, spraying 75% tricyclazole 25-30g and water 50kg per mu, or spraying 40% tricyclazole 100-250g and water 50kg per mu. It is suggested that the field with serious disease should be prevented once after half a month.

Rice planthopper: remove weeds along the ditches in the field in time and control them with 50% diazinon EC and 10% Dagong wettable powder. Potato: late blight: intertillage and cultivate the soil in time, and spray 600-800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder every 5-7 days for 2-3 times in a row, or spray 1%-2% copper sulfate solution every 7 days for 2-3 times in a row.

If the central diseased plant is found, it should be removed in time. Pepper: Diseases: Pay attention to drainage, reduce the spread of diseases, and dry the soil.

Spraying before onset: You can choose Lvbang 98 wettable powder diluted 600 times for foliar spraying, or diluted 65438 times for root watering; It can also be sprayed with 12% green milk copper EC600 times; Spray treatment at the initial stage of onset: once every 5~7 days, spray 2~3 times. Duan Dekai.

4. How to control crop diseases and insect pests

Diseases and pests in pumpkin and zucchini production will directly affect their quality, yield and output value, and common chemical control methods are easy to cause pesticide pollution.

In the production of pollution-free pumpkin and zucchini, a series of effective measures can be taken to control pests and diseases, such as selecting varieties with strong resistance, treating seeds by physical measures, cultivating strong seedlings, strengthening scientific cultivation management, cleaning the countryside, and stubble rotation. These measures must be strictly operated as agricultural ecological control techniques for pollution-free production. On this basis, biological control measures are mainly taken for various pests and diseases occurring in the growth process, supplemented by chemical pesticides that are allowed to be restricted in the production process, and physical (insect-proof nets, sunshade nets, insect-trapping lamps, yellow boards, etc.) comprehensive control technologies. ) and chemistry (sweet and sour venom trapping), artificial and mechanical killing, natural enemy utilization, etc. Try to keep the balance between agricultural ecosystem and biodiversity environment, and reduce the economic losses caused by various pests and diseases to a minimum.

5. Crop diseases and insect pests

1. Nitrogen-deficient seedlings are short and emaciated with yellow-green leaves; The blade turns yellow from the tip of the blade and develops along the midrib of the blade, forming a "V" deformed yellow part; Causes the whole plant to turn yellow, the lower tip of the back is dead, and the edge is yellow-green; Nitrogen deficiency is serious or critical, with small panicle, insufficient top grain and low protein content.

Second, tender plants lacking phosphorus are sensitive and dwarf; The tip and edge of the leaf lose green and turn purple-red, and the rear leaf end dies or turns dark purple-brown; The root system is underdeveloped, the pollination of female panicles is blocked, the grains are not full, and the panicles are few or distorted.

3. The leaf tip and edge of the lower leaves with potassium deficiency are yellow or brown as red, and the plants are prone to lodging in the later stage, with small ears and poor top development.

Fourthly, the upper leaves of magnesium-deficient seedlings turn yellow; There are yellow and white fading stripes between veins, and the tips and edges of the lower old leaves are purple; The leaf edge and tip of magnesium deficiency are severely dead, and yellow-green stripes or dwarfing appear between veins of the whole plant.

5. The seedlings with severe zinc deficiency showed symptoms within 2 weeks after being unearthed, with pale white stripes on their leaves, and 1 albino broad-band tissue areas on both sides of the posterior midvein. The midvein and edge were still green, and sometimes the leaf edge and leaf sheath were brown or red.

Six, the sulfur-deficient plants are dwarfed, the leaves are yellow, and the maturity is delayed, similar to the symptoms of nitrogen deficiency.

7. Light green to white or whole leaf discoloration appears between veins of upper leaves with iron deficiency.

Eight, irregular white spots appear between veins of young leaves with boron deficiency, and each spot can be fused into white stripes; Severe internode elongation is affected or cannot attract males and silking.

Nine, calcium deficiency When the soil is calcium deficient, the leaves of the seedlings cannot be pulled out or unfolded, and some tips are stuck together in a stepped shape, and the plants are slightly yellow-green or dwarfed.

Ten, the vein tissue of young leaves with manganese deficiency slowly turns yellow, forming yellow-green stripes, and the leaves are bent and drooping, which is different from magnesium deficiency.

6. Crop pests and diseases

Symptoms of maize leaf blight: The disease is also called leaf spot, sheath blight, leaf blight and leaf spot.

It mainly harms leaves, leaf sheaths and bracts of corn. At first, blue-gray spots of water stains appear, and then spread to both ends along the veins, forming large spots with brown edges and light brown or blue-gray centers, and the diseased spots often crack longitudinally in the later stage.

In severe cases, the lesions fused and the leaves turned yellow and died. When wet, there are a lot of gray-black mold layers on the diseased spots. The leaves below grow first.

Prevention and control methods: (1) Strengthen agricultural prevention and control, sow early in time to avoid the peak of disease occurrence. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Do a good job of weeding and ridging the intertillage, remove 2-3 leaves at the bottom, reduce the relative humidity in the field, make the plants strong and improve the disease resistance. After corn is harvested, the straw is fermented at high temperature for composting.

Implement crop rotation. (2) Chemical control: 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 600-fold solution of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 800-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 800- 1000-fold solution of 40% kewen powder emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed from the end of the heart leaves to the tasseling stage or the early onset of disease, every 10 day.

7. What are the main methods to prevent and control crop diseases in agriculture?

Disease control mainly includes-

Biological control, drug control, physical control, artificial control, etc.

1. Reclaim wasteland and build water conservancy. These measures often affect the changes of farmland ecosystem, cause profound changes in the species and quantity of pests, and reduce or eliminate the breeding bases of pests.

2. Rotation: Correct rotation can improve soil fertility, create favorable conditions for crop growth and worsen the nutritional conditions of pests with narrow feeding habits.

3. Tillage: It can directly kill underground pests or pests overwintering with crop residues, or make pests dig out of the ground to be preyed or killed.

4. Adjust the sowing date of crops: stagger the fragile growth period of crops with the peak period of serious pest damage to reduce or avoid damage.

5. Weeds are often wintering places or hosts for pests, thus becoming a bridge for pests to harm crops. There are often many pests hidden in the remains and litter, so cleaning the countryside and weeding play a great role in controlling pests.

6. Drainage and irrigation: it can worsen the living environment of pests, especially for wet pests.

7. Fertilization: Rational fertilization can make crops grow healthily and improve insect resistance, and fertilization can also improve the resilience of crops after damage; However, improper fertilization will reduce the insect resistance of crops.

8. Using insect-resistant varieties of crops: it can worsen the nutritional conditions of pests and control the occurrence of pests for a long time.