Explanatory Methods of Explanatory Articles and Their Functions in Articles

In recent years, the proportion of expository writing in the whole test paper is also increasing year by year. Its difficulty is also increasing year by year. Looking at the types of senior high school entrance examinations in recent years, the angle of giving questions is more focused on the examination of ability. The stylistic knowledge strengthened in previous exams has been diluted. However, different genres of articles have different characteristics and naturally have different requirements and methods for reading. Therefore, relevant stylistic knowledge is very important for improving reading ability. Then explain what kind of style the text is. What are its characteristics? How to master expository reading skills, improve expository reading ability, and better meet the senior high school entrance examination?

First, explain the basic knowledge of the text.

(A) to understand the characteristics of explanatory texts

1 Concept: Explanatory writing is a practical style with "explanation" as the main expression, which is used to introduce or explain the state, nature, structure, function, production method, development process and internal affairs of things.

2. Difference from other styles: Argumentative writing convinces people by reasoning, and philosophy is its main feature; Narration is emotional, and image is its main feature; Explanatory writing teaches people with knowledge, and knowledge is its main feature.

3 the classification of expository texts

Description: Suzhou gardens, for example, show the characteristics of "ensuring that no matter where tourists stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them".

Caption: For example, the Dead Sea does not die. Scientifically, the reason why the Dead Sea does not die is that the salinity of seawater is very high.

(B) grasp the description of the object and characteristics

The object of explanation is the theme of the article, which is mainly divided into two aspects: first, concrete things, including their state, nature, function and characteristics. The second is abstract things. Including the essence of things, the internal relations between things or things. To read the explanatory text, we must first accurately grasp the object of the explanation. So as to correctly distinguish between things and things. The titles of most explanatory articles are explanatory objects, such as Qiao Family Courtyard-A Pearl in the History of Northern Residential Architecture. Most explanatory articles use a central period at the beginning to clarify the explanatory object of things. Sometimes, the topic does not reflect the object of explanation. You have to read the material carefully, line up paragraph by paragraph, sort it out, trace it to the source and find out the object of explanation. In particular, we should pay attention to trying to figure out key sentences, such as the central sentence of each paragraph, the turning sentence, the repeated sentence in the article, etc., so as to find the explanation object. It is very important for the reading and understanding of the whole article to accurately grasp the object of exposition, whether it is the elaboration of things or matters.

It is not enough for an expository article to clearly explain the object, and it is necessary to further understand the content of the expository article. It is also important to grasp the characteristics of the object of interpretation. This is the key to analyzing an expository article. Only by accurately grasping the characteristics of the object of interpretation can we deeply understand the object of interpretation. Take this as a breakthrough, and then understand the structural level and central content of the article. To grasp the characteristics of the object of explanation, we should not only stay on the surface of things, but also understand the inner essence of things. Specifically, we can start from the following two aspects:

1 Start with the analysis topic. Some titles point out the characteristics of the article while pointing out the object of explanation, such as the Dead Sea: some titles use declarative sentences to guide readers to grasp the characteristics of the object of explanation, such as seeing the clouds and knowing the sky; Some headlines use vivid metaphors and anthropomorphic methods to illustrate the characteristics of things, such as Streptococcus suis committing crimes on the earth again.

2 Start with material analysis. That is to say, analyze paragraph by paragraph what characteristics the author introduced about things. Then sum up. There are generally two forms of expression in an article: first, there are sentences in the article that can summarize the characteristics and essence. By reading and analyzing the full text, we can find that; Second, there are no sentences that comprehensively describe the characteristics or essence of the object in the article, or although there are, they are not concentrated and need to be summarized through the analysis of the full text. For example, the article "The Dead Sea is Undead" focuses on the characteristics of the Dead Sea. Explain it from three angles: first, talk about the "death" of the Dead Sea (phenomenon feature), then talk about the "immortality" (essential feature) of the Dead Sea, and finally talk about the "immortality" and "death" of the Dead Sea (current situation and future development features). In this way, the comprehensive characteristics of the Dead Sea are revealed layer by layer. Another example is the article "Suzhou Gardens", which revolves around "No matter where you stand. There is always a perfect picture in front of us, which is expounded from five aspects: the layout of pavilions; The cooperation between rockery and pond: the foil of flowers and trees; Close-up level, carving and color of doors and windows, etc.

Clarify the order of interpretation

Three major sequences: time sequence (program sequence is a kind of time sequence), spatial sequence and logical sequence.

The language symbols of time series are words that represent time; The language symbol of spatial order is a word indicating position; The logical order is based on the law of thinking. Generally speaking, time series is often used to explain the development and changes of things; Spatial order is often used to explain the building structure; Introduce high-tech products or explain the relationship between things, usually in a logical order. There are three ways to analyze and interpret this sequence:

1 Recognize the object of interpretation and analyze the order of interpretation.

2. Master the language symbols. The order of reading instructions.

3 distinguish between primary and secondary. Comprehensive induction.

(D) Understand the interpretation methods of the Ninth National Congress

Clever note: give an example, copy and draw pictures.

1 Classification: This is a method to interpret objects one by one according to their categories (shape, nature, reason, function, etc.). Its function is to make the explanation clear and avoid overlapping.

Two-column numbers: an interpretation method that shows the interpretation characteristics by enumerating numbers. Its function is to explain the characteristics of the object more accurately and convince the readers.

3 Comparison: A method of comparing the specific or familiar things that have some external or internal connection with the things being explained with the things being explained, or comparing them with numbers, so that the characteristics of the things being explained suddenly bend. Its function is to emphasize the characteristics of the explained object more.

4 definition: that is, a comprehensive and detailed explanation of the essential attributes of the things to be explained in concise words. It uses a basically fixed sentence pattern. Reveal the essential attributes that distinguish this thing from other things and things. The function is to let readers have an exact understanding of the concept. Make the description object more rigorous.

5 cases: that is, citing physical objects to explain things. Its function is to explain things visually.

6 analogy: that is, using the rhetorical method of metaphor to explain things vividly. Its function is to illustrate the characteristics of things vividly. Enhance the interest of the article.

7 imitation: reveal the characteristics of things through specific descriptions. For example, "China Stone Arch Bridge" "These stone lions, some mother and son embrace each other, some whisper, and some listen to the sound of water. There are thousands of things. Vivid. "

8 Interpretation: Being able to introduce or explain things or their characteristics in a popular way. Its function is to let people know more clearly what is explained.

9 Drawing charts: This is a way to explain things and things with intuitive charts and tables. Its function is to make readers clear at a glance. Understand what is explained very intuitively.

The difference between definition and interpretation is that definition requires completeness, that is, the object of definition should be equal to the extension of definition. But also reveal the whole connotation of the concept from one side; However, the explanation does not require completeness, as long as part of the connotation of the concept is revealed, and the object of explanation and the extension of explanation are not necessarily equal. A word is the smallest language unit that can be used independently. This definition, the connotation and extension of subject and object are completely consistent and can be reversed. That is to say, "the smallest language unit that can be used independently is a word" is also possible. And "uranium is silvery white metal" is an interpretation. Its connotation and extension are not equal, and the extension of "uranium" is smaller than that of "silvery white metal", so the subject and object can't be conversed, that is, it can't be said that "silvery white metal is uranium". Although the language of interpretation is not as strict as the definition, it must be concise, accurate and easy to understand.

(5) Experience the accuracy of explaining the language.

Accuracy, diversity and flexibility are not contradictory, and some explanatory languages are good at simplicity. Some are famous for their liveliness. Because the language styles of the explanatory object and the author are different, the explanatory languages are also varied. But accuracy is the premise of interpreting written language. In order to understand the accuracy of language interpretation, it is important to understand how words and sentences explain the characteristics of things. In order to understand its function and appreciate its beauty. We can start from the following three points:

1 Experience the accuracy of the prefix in the context.

2. Pay attention to the accuracy of decorative words.

Pay attention to the special role of related words in ideographic accuracy.

Second, the explanatory essay answering skills

(A) how to analyze the role of keywords?

Can you catch the key words in the reading materials? It is directly related to the understanding and analysis of the whole material. Grasping key words can be considered from three aspects: grasping the central sentence and analyzing the turning sentence. Identify reference elements.

The central sentence of 1 has three forms: the first surrounding, the middle leading and the last linking, with the first surrounding being the majority. Analyze the central sentence. It is helpful to grasp the main content of the article (paragraph).

Turning sentences play a connecting role in the structure of the article and are also a sign of contextual cohesion. Analyze turning sentences. It helps to grasp the level and focus of the article.

The analysis of referential elements is often investigated in the senior high school entrance examination questions, and the analysis should be comprehensively considered from two aspects: semantics and grammatical structure.

(2) How to find a suitable explanation object?

1 Look at the topic, many of which are the objects of explanation. Such as "China Stone Arch Bridge".

2 Grasp the first enclosed sentence and the central sentence. A good expository often uses this sentence to highlight the things and characteristics to be explained.

(3) How to summarize?

When summarizing the main points, we should pay attention to the function of the first enclosing sentence, the last concluding sentence or interrogative sentence, and the function of the statement defining or explaining the concept. It is best to use complete sentences when summarizing the main points. Keep the meaning simple.

(d) How to conduct language analysis?

Accuracy is the characteristic of explanatory language. Analyzing the language of explanatory writing is to see how words and sentences accurately explain the characteristics of things to be explained. Pay attention to analyze the function of keywords.

(5) How to answer open questions?

In recent years, open-ended examination questions have become an important form to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability because of their diversity and uniqueness of answers, and their proportion in the examination is also increasing. It can be seen from the comprehensive open examination questions in various places. This kind of test questions can be investigated from the following aspects: 1 creatively expresses the explanation content. Express your own unique views and opinions on a phenomenon. 3 talk about your understanding of a problem in combination with reality. 4 Reasonably infer and boldly imagine according to the content of the article. From the content of the article to real life, explain the related phenomena in real life. Put forward solutions to environmental problems of human concern, and write warning slogans, suggestions and advertisements. This kind of questions examines students' comprehensive ability. It examines students' concern about life. To do this kind of problems well, students should first have an accurate grasp of the given materials, and then fully mobilize the existing knowledge and experience. Then move to the paragraph. Open questions, although there is no unique answer, can express their opinions. But when answering questions, we should answer them from three angles: first, answer questions about materials. Not necessarily according to the standard answer, give full marks if you answer correctly; The second is the feeling and feeling after reading the materials. Such an answer is also personalized; The third is to start with the materials, or put forward their own different views. Or spread to other aspects. Anyway. This kind of test questions not only trains the comprehension ability, but also. Train the expression ability, the expression of the answer can not be completed only by a symbol or a word, but by writing a complete sentence or paragraph. While answering questions, it helps to increase students' awareness of subjective participation, expand the space for students to express their opinions independently, and encourage students' innovative consciousness and inquiry spirit.