Where is the former site of the Ninghua Southwest Wuxiang (Caofang) Peasant Armed Rebellion Headquarters?

The former site of the Ninghua Southwest Wuxiang (Caofang) Peasant Armed Riot Headquarters is a cultural relic protection unit in Ninghua County and a classic red tourism scenic spot.

The Cao Family Temple, the former site of the Ninghua Southwest Wuxiang (Caofang) Farmers' Armed Riot Headquarters, is located in Shangcao Natural Village, Shangcao Village, Caofang Township, Ninghua County.

At the beginning of 1930, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the Fourth Red Army back to southern Jiangxi and passed through Ninghua. They gave clear instructions to the Ninghua underground organization of the Communist Party of China to quickly launch an armed uprising of workers and peasants. Farmers carried out raids against local tyrants to divide their fields. The Ninghua underground organization of the Communist Party of China promptly studied and deployed various preparatory work before the riots. All party branches took joint actions to divide and disintegrate the enemy and purchase weapons before the riots. and preparations for instigating armed rebellion by militia groups.

In the summer of 1930, the economy was in a state of recession, and the poor workers and farmers were not having enough to eat. The Ninghua underground organization of the Communist Party of China reviewed the situation and analyzed the situation at that time. They believed that the people's sentiments against oppression, anti-exploitation, and seeking liberation were high. Moreover, after more than half a year of full preparation, the 1st Red Army and the 12th Red Army happened to be reorganized in Changting, and the violence The movement was unable to obtain the support of the Red Army, so it was decided to launch an armed uprising of peasants in the five townships southwest of Ninghua. Caofang would take the lead, and other places would follow as planned. Xu Chisheng and Cao Yanxun waited in Changting to request the Red Army for support.

On June 22 of that year, the Caofang branch of the Communist Party of China held a meeting at Cao's family temple in Shangcao to study and deploy armed riots, and decided to organize the masses to seize the militia branch first and arm themselves. , then arrest the local tyrants and confiscate their property. That night, the Caofang Branch of the Communist Party of China organized more than 100 members of the Caofang Secret Peasants' Association to gather at the playground of Caofang Primary School. Under the command of Cao Zhenggang, they first surrounded the Bajia Ancestral Hall where the militia was stationed. Huang Yunbiao, the regiment leader who had been instigating rebellion, had already evacuated in advance. The militiamen turned into a headless mob. The riot squad confiscated more than 20 guns and all ammunition of the militiamen without even launching a single attack. Then the riot squads divided up to surround the houses of the local tycoons and confiscate their property. After the riot was successful, the Caofang branch of the Central Military Commission immediately sent Li Kuanhe to Changting to meet the Red Army troops. Li Kuanhe met the 1st column of the 4th Red Army who came to the aid midway. After briefly reporting the situation, the 4th Red Army's 1st column 1 column marched urgently to aid Caofang.

On June 23 of that year, the Caofang riot team divided into two groups to meet the 1st column of the 4th Red Army at Pengjiafang in the direction of Changting. The poor workers and peasants lined the road holding flags and shouting slogans. Welcoming the Red Army, after the first column of the 4th Red Army advanced into Caofang, they immediately publicized it everywhere, wrote and posted slogans, and held a mass meeting on the Fuwuba Lawn in Caofang that morning to distribute clothes confiscated from the homes of local tyrants to poor workers and peasants. The 1st Column of the 4th Red Army - attended the meeting to give a speech and publicity. After the meeting, the 1st Column of the 4th Red Army cooperated with the riot team to carry out attacks on local tyrants and fund-raising in Shangcao, Xiacao, Sanhuang, Genzhu, Shiniu and other villages. They carried out activities such as raising money to raise grain, breaking down warehouses and dividing grain, and established the first temporary red regime in Ninghua, the Ninghua Nanxiang Revolutionary Committee, in Shangcao, with Cao Yanxun as chairman.

The farmers' armed riot in Caofang shook the whole county, and the Kuomintang Ninghua County government officials and militia leaders fled one after another. On the 24th, the 1st column of the 4th Red Army and the Caofang Riot Team entered Ninghua County. On the 25th, more than 100 people from the riot team held a riot, and then separated into separate groups to seize the branches of militia leaders such as Zhang Jingshu, Yimutang, and Lei Yuzuo. Several large granaries such as the "Yongshan Yitang" and "Zhuzi Temple" of the county government were opened and distributed to poor workers and peasants; the county jail was opened and many poor workers and peasants who were innocent victims were rescued. The peasants' armed uprising in Caofang launched the first attack on the Kuomintang authorities in Ninghua, and opened the prelude to the party's armed separatist rule of workers and peasants in Ninghua.

The former site of the Ninghua Southwest Wuxiang (Caofang) Peasant Armed Rebellion Headquarters was originally the Cao Family Temple, the ancestral hall of the descendants of the Cao family. It faces the northwest and faces the southeast. It is an ancient Hakka building built in the Qing Dynasty. It is a one-entry brick and wood mixed structure, and the overall building is well preserved.

The Cao Family Temple, the former site of the Ninghua Southwest Wuxiang (Caofang) Farmers' Armed Riot Headquarters, was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Ninghua County by the Ninghua County People's Government in December 2001.

Information source: Sanming Municipal Party Committee Party History Research Office