What are the main measures to prevent mountain torrents?

Main measures for prevention and control of mountain torrents

According to the causes and characteristics of mountain torrents in hilly areas, the main measures are taken to prevent mountain torrents, with the emphasis on "prevention and hiding", which must be scientifically demonstrated, comprehensively planned and gradually managed to fundamentally reduce casualties and property losses. The implementation of specific measures should be reflected in the following aspects:

1, strengthen leadership. Party committees and governments at all levels in hilly areas should set up leading groups to understand mountain torrents from the height of stability and development and enhance their sense of urgency and crisis. Establish and improve the flood disaster prevention headquarters, that is, flood control and drought relief headquarters at all levels as the disaster prevention and mitigation headquarters of the people's government at the same level. In particular, planning, finance, water conservancy, land, meteorology, hydrology, transportation, radio and television, agriculture, forestry, geology and mineral resources, urban construction, insurance and other departments and townships (towns) should, under the unified leadership of the government, strengthen their leadership, carry out their duties and cooperate closely to do a good job in the prevention of mountain torrents.

2. Make plans scientifically. The first is a pragmatic investigation. Conduct a comprehensive investigation on the social economy, physical geography, meteorology and hydrology, floods over the years, existing flood control system and hidden dangers of disasters in flash flood-prone areas. The second is scientific argumentation. On the basis of actual investigation, the causes, characteristics and development trend of regional mountain torrents are scientifically demonstrated from meteorological, hydrological, geological and ecological factors. The third is to carefully prepare the plan.

On the basis of fully grasping the first-hand information, we should carefully prepare the regional mountain flood disaster prevention plan, draw the regional mountain flood disaster risk map, divide and determine the location and scope of the regional "three areas", formulate the safety transfer plan, clarify the institutional setup and responsibilities, formulate the engineering and non-engineering measures for defense and prevention, and gradually implement them.

3. Focus on implementation. The first is to implement the duty system for disaster prevention and mitigation. Mountain flood disaster prone areas should adhere to the 24-hour duty system from April to September every year. The second is to implement an early warning signal system. Each village, group and hospital must identify 1~2 signal senders. Signals are usually preset, such as whistle, gong, broadcast or alarm.

In order to strengthen the sense of responsibility and improve enthusiasm, each guardian information officer can be given appropriate subsidies by the local township (town) and village government every year. The third is to implement emergency funds and materials for disaster prevention and mitigation, and the county (city) finance should reserve enough funds for flood control every year. The fourth is to implement disaster avoidance exercises. Townships (towns) and villages organize the masses to conduct a disaster avoidance drill in key prevention areas every year to raise their awareness of prevention.

4. Increase publicity. In order to further improve people's understanding of mountain torrents and strengthen their awareness of disaster avoidance, all localities should carry out an all-round, multi-level and multi-form publicity and launch every year: holding meetings at different levels; Dispatch propaganda vehicles and post slogans, banners and publicity columns; Set warning signs; Various forms of publicity activities, such as compiling and sending manuals on the prevention and control of mountain torrents, have made the relevant laws, regulations, common sense and countermeasures for the prevention and control of mountain torrents well known.

5. Strengthen engineering measures. In order to fully implement the mountain flood prevention plan, while vigorously strengthening engineering measures, we should pay close attention to implementing various non-engineering defense measures. Through the planning of engineering measures in flash flood-prone areas, engineering measures are implemented year by year in the form of self-reliance and self-help in production. Do a good job in the restoration of water-damaged projects, control soil erosion, intensify the control of seriously ill reservoirs and mountain ponds, return farmland to forests and grasslands, improve ecological quality, effectively prevent soil erosion and reduce the loss of mountain torrents.

Extended data:

Main characteristics of mountain torrents

1, seasonal

The flood season from April to September, especially the main flood season from June to August, is a period of frequent flash floods. Even in the same year, many mountain torrents may occur in the same basin, so it has the characteristics of strong seasonality and high frequency.

2. Suddenly

Small watersheds in hilly areas have small watershed area and river storage capacity, large river gradient, short discharge and short flood duration, but the water level rises greatly and the flood peak discharge is high. Rainfall produces runoff quickly, usually only for a few hours. The rainstorm that triggered the flash floods is sudden, which leads to the suddenness of the flash floods. Flash floods last for a short time and cause disasters very quickly.

Step 3 send it in groups

There is a high free surface at the source of the stream or on both sides of the valley, and collapse often occurs. Complex geological structure and a large amount of loose solid matter on the surface are important factors that aggravate the debris flow disaster. Within the scope of the rainstorm center, the loose deposits formed by the previous collapse formed debris flow in each branch ditch under the action of rainstorm.

4. Feelings

Due to the relatively backward economic development and imperfect early warning and forecasting facilities in mountainous areas, effective measures can not be taken in time to reduce flood losses. In addition, there is not enough research on the regularity of mountain torrents, and there is no quantitative criterion. The previous flash flood prevention plan was not operational, the flash flood predictability was poor and the defense was difficult.

References:

Shanxi Provincial Water Resources Department-What are the main measures to prevent mountain torrents?