Detailed data of evergreen fruit trees

Evergreen fruit trees, a kind of fruit trees with long leaves and no deciduous leaves for three to five years. Such as citrus, orange, lemon, banana, pineapple, litchi, bayberry and so on. Mainly distributed in tropics and subtropics.

Chinese name: evergreen fruit tree mbth: evergreen fruit tree belongs to the field: agricultural popular science classification: citrus fruit tree explanation: the leaves have a long life and will not fall off in three to five years. Classification: Pruning, maintenance, application and classification of evergreen fruit trees. Evergreen fruit tree is a kind of fruit tree with long leaves that don't fall off in winter. It has no obvious dormancy period and grows all year round. Like warmth, not tolerant of low temperature, mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River. It can be divided into woody evergreen fruit trees (such as citrus, loquat, longan and litchi). ) and perennial herb evergreen fruit trees (such as bananas, pineapples, strawberries, etc. ). Pruning of evergreen fruit trees 1 Although evergreen fruit trees have no dormancy period and the photosynthesis time is longer than deciduous fruit trees, because of their long growing season, pruning is more necessary than deciduous fruit trees to coordinate the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. 2 Litchi and longan harvest fruit is equivalent to short cutting. Short cutting is a pruning method for vegetative growth, which easily leads to many branches, dense branches, high trees and canopy. Therefore, pruning should adopt the method of thinning branches to weaken vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth. Although plastic trimming requires a certain amount of work, its effect is remarkable. Pruning is like fertilization. Pruning can improve the utilization rate of light energy and increase the yield of photosynthetic products. If plastic surgery can achieve the correct, simplified and labor-saving principles, the input-output ratio of plastic surgery is very high, which is completely acceptable to farmers. Mechanical pruning is the most labor-saving, but the effect is not as good as manual pruning, and it is expensive. The author has visited Australia. They have all kinds of pruning machines and common chainsaws. They are also learning our simple manual pruning methods and are very interested in our pruning techniques. Japan strives for perfection in fruit tree cultivation and management, which has played an important role in the world's leading fruit tree production level. Most orchards in China are small in scale, so it is unrealistic and unnecessary to use large-scale mechanical pruning in large quantities. Correct pruning can not only cultivate the excellent tree shape of young trees, but also promote the tree to branch more, grow faster and bear fruit early. Correct pruning can transform the mature closed tree into a tree structure with high photosynthetic efficiency, and make the fruit trees with high yield, stable yield and high quality. New year and young year are the natural characteristics of fruit trees, and too many new years affect the quality of fruit and reduce the price; Overweight makes fruit trees weak and breed diseases and pests. Young trees are easy to cause excessive vegetative growth; Cause out of control; Affect the supply of fruits in the market. It is entirely possible to control the results of alternate years by correct pruning and thinning flowers and fruits. Maintenance measures 1. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, strengthen the rational application of organic fertilizer, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and do not apply nitrogen fertilizer in a partial way, so as to promote the growth and enrichment of branches at all levels and improve the ability to resist snow damage. 2. Do a good job of shaping and pruning. First, do a good job in shaping fruit trees from infancy to adulthood and cultivate trees with stable structure. In production, we must always pay attention to the cultivation of balanced distribution of main branches and open crowns, and take measures such as bracing, pulling and hanging to keep the branch angle of main branches at 40 ~ 45 and improve the load capacity of branches. Second, before it snows, the dense branches should be thinned to reduce the snow in the canopy. The method is: sparse the dense branches in the middle and upper part of the canopy, open the "skylight" and retract the cross branches of the canopy appropriately, so that it is not easy to accumulate snow on the canopy in winter, thus reducing the snow damage. This work is mostly carried out in late autumn and early winter, which affects the healing of scissors and saws and is not conducive to wintering. 3. Protect the branches to avoid damage to the branches, such as longicorn beetles, longicorn beetles, resin diseases, etc., which are extremely harmful to the branches, and attention should be paid to timely prevention and control. Use a ladder when pruning and harvesting, and don't climb trees to avoid stepping on branches. Don't touch branches when digging, ditching and fertilizing. Before fruit trees bear too much fruit or heavy snow comes, branches can be protected by supporting and hanging them. Evergreen fruit trees are widely used in southern evergreen trees, such as olives, longan and oranges. They are large and can be used to green the high-rise space in the garden, and play the role of optimizing climate regulation and dividing space. In view of the single application mode of trees and fruit trees in urban landscape construction, we can expand its application construction from street trees and courtyard shade trees. In the planting and cultivation of street trees, priority can be given to southern evergreen fruit trees, such as almonds and mangoes, which are large, shaded and can be widely maintained. Its evergreen characteristics determine that it will not show obvious seasonal changes, so it can be used to beautify the city. At the same time, appropriate tree species should be selected according to the road grade. For street trees in the main roads of first-class cities, you can choose trees and fruit trees with thin crowns, such as mango trees and coconut trees. For litchi fruit trees with low trunk and obvious branches, it can be used for community greening construction and unit attached green space construction, so that its fruitful scenery can create a good ornamental effect. In the stage of planting shade trees, evergreen trees and fruit trees can be planted according to the needs of configuration and the effect of landscape artistic conception to beautify parks and unit green spaces. According to the good posture of trees and the difference of group scenery, suitable cultivation and planting methods can be formulated. For example, for longan trees, olive trees and other fruit trees with good posture, cluster planting and solitary planting modes can be applied to reflect their good individual beauty. For fruit trees with neat shapes such as lotus and avocado, planting can beautify the unit area or the entrance to the scenic spot. For flowering and fruiting trees such as Myrica rubra, group landscape construction can be carried out to set off the good atmosphere of urban landscape construction.