Information on protecting the Yellow River

The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation and the cradle of Chinese civilization. "In the past 20 years or so, due to the impact of industrial development and urbanization, the Yellow River has been suffering unprecedented infringement. Through field inspections of more than 700 kilometers in more than a dozen counties in four cities in Shanxi along the Yellow River, it was found that the protection of the Yellow River water resources is currently under way. It faces several major challenges:

The deep mining of coal seriously pollutes the water resources of the Yellow River. It is estimated that 2 to 4 cubic meters of groundwater will be lost when mining 1 ton of coal. The annual coal production in the Yellow River Shanxi Basin is 140 million tons. , at least 280 million cubic meters of mine water are discharged into the Yellow River every year, and these mine water contain many complex material components, including heavy metals and radioactive ions, seriously polluting the water source of the Yellow River.

Various types of tailings with unclear responsibilities pose a threat to the water resources of the Yellow River. "Whoever pollutes it will control it" is the responsibility of enterprises for their pollution. However, once these enterprises go bankrupt or close, who will be responsible for the subsequent environmental pollution control issues? It has become a difficult problem to solve.

There are many quarrying sites along the main stream of the Yellow River. The gravel and dust in the quarrying process directly pollute the water resources of the Yellow River. The urban wastewater and sewage along the Yellow River and its tributaries directly pollute the water resources of the Yellow River. .

Soil erosion causes physical pollution of the Yellow River water resources. At the same time, chemical fertilizers and pesticide residues used in agricultural production flow with the water, causing the Yellow River water resources to be further polluted.

In response to the above situation, through reasonable planning and integration of coal resources along the Yellow River, we will increase the recovery rate, control the total amount of mining, and control the mine water to meet the discharge standards; adhere to the principle of "prevention first", Effectively implement the governance measures of "whoever pollutes it"; delineate reasonable quarrying and ash-burning areas as soon as possible to change the current situation of scattered quarrying and ash-burning management; make unified arrangements for urban sewage treatment in the Yellow River Basin in phases as soon as possible; speed up We will increase efforts to control water and soil erosion, and implement comprehensive management projects focusing on the construction of dam systems in places where conditions permit; we will accelerate the construction of the "Digital Yellow River" to provide an information sharing platform for the detection, prevention and control of water resource pollution in the Yellow River.

Experience the Yellow River

The second largest river in China. The upper reaches have three sources: Xiyuan Maqu, also known as the Yogu Zongli Canal, which originates from Yala in the middle of the Bayan Har Mountains. The southwestern edge of the Yuegu Zonglie Basin at the eastern foot of Daze Mountain; the central source, Kariqu, also known as Kala Canal, originates from the northern foot of Gezigeya Mountain in the middle of the Bayan Har Mountains; the southern source, Duoqu, originates from Bayan Har. Near the Riji Mountain at the northern foot of the Yankala Mountains. Among these three source streams, Maqu has been said to be the true source of the Yellow River for more than 200 years. According to the principle of "the source of the river is only far away", among the three source streams, Ka Ri The longest song (190.1 kilometers), it is 18.6 kilometers longer than Maqu (171.5 kilometers). Therefore, there are also advocates of using Kaliqu as the true source of the Yellow River. The Chinese Ministry of Water Resources and the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission still regard Maqu as the true source of the Yellow River. .From Maqu in Qinghai Province as the source, it flows eastward through Sichuan Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province, Shanxi Province, Henan Province, etc., and flows into the Bohai Sea in Kenli County, Shandong Province. The total length is 5,464 kilometers. , with a drainage area of ??752,400 square kilometers.

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Listen to the Yellow River

Give love

The Yellow River has been deeply loved by mankind. How to manage the affected and disturbed rivers in the future in order to not only ensure the sustainable development of the regional economy and society, but also ensure that this ancient and great river continues to thrive and benefit the people is an issue worth pondering and that needs to be solved urgently. A major issue, it is also an important part of formulating the national medium and long-term science and technology development plan.

___There are three core problems in the future management of the Yellow River: First, how to handle and utilize the huge amount of sediment in the Yellow River. This is a difficult problem in the Yellow River. The crux of the problem is not only the flood control safety of the Yellow River, but also the control of soil erosion and the development and utilization of water resources. The second is how to rationally allocate the water resources based on the changes in the Yellow River to effectively solve the sustainable development of the national economy and society. And the demand for water resources to maintain the life of the river. The third is how to protect and improve the ecological environment of the Yellow River. The key to solving these three problems is: rational allocation, efficient utilization, effective protection, increasing water and reducing sediment.

Control pollution and save the Yellow River

The Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation and the pride of the Chinese people. Over the past five thousand years, it has achieved one historical civilization after another. However, in recent years, the pollution of the Yellow River has intensified and has exceeded the carrying capacity of the Yellow River water environment. At present, the water quality of nearly 40% of the main reaches of the Yellow River is worse than Category 5, and the water body function has basically been lost. The annual economic losses caused by pollution in the Yellow River Basin are as high as 11.5 billion to 15.6 billion yuan.

The "Mother River" is not abundant in water, but with limited water resources accounting for 2.4% of the country's river runoff, it nourishes 12% of the country's population and irrigates 15% of the cultivated land. In recent years, with economic development, the wastewater discharge in the Yellow River Basin has doubled compared with the 1980s, reaching 4.4 billion cubic meters. Pollution incidents have continued to occur. The water quality of almost all tributaries in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River has been in worse than Category 5 status all year round. Become a "sewage ditch". The pollution of the Yellow River is shocking.

The Yellow River is responsible for the daily water supply of urban residents in more than 50 large and medium-sized cities and 420 counties in the Yellow River region. Yellow River pollution poses a huge threat to the water supply safety of urban residents. In 2003, the Yellow River experienced the most severe pollution ever recorded, and the water stored in the Sanmenxia Reservoir became a "reservoir of sewage."

Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Baotou, Xinxiang, and Kaifeng are suffering from water pollution. In many places in the countryside, water from the Yellow River was used to irrigate the fields, resulting in reduced crop yields and burning of crops.

The Yellow River Water Plant in Shizuishan City, Ningxia mainly supplies drinking water to some urban residents by treating Yellow River water. However, since 2001, the water quality of the Yellow River has declined sharply, making it increasingly difficult for water treatment plants to treat it. The content of ammonia nitrogen and volatile phenol in the water was too high, which consumed a large amount of chlorine used for sterilization. The water plant had to increase the amount of chlorine added from the original 0.15 mg per liter of water to about 4 mg for clarification and treatment. Organic medicines are also increasing exponentially. The water plant was forced to stop processing several times last year and this spring.

Industrial pollution has been the “culprit” of water pollution in the Yellow River for many years.

From Qinghai, through Gansu, Ningxia, and to Inner Mongolia, highly polluting industrial enterprises such as energy, heavy chemicals, nonferrous metals, and papermaking are located along the Yellow River, producing large amounts of pollutants. "Agricultural pollution" caused by domestic sewage and excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is also currently showing an increasing trend. At the same time, some municipal solid waste along the Yellow River has aggravated pollution.

Gansu Baiyin Nonferrous Metals Company is the largest wastewater discharge source in the Baiyin section of the Yellow River. Most heavy metal pollutants come from smelters affiliated with silver companies. As an old enterprise in copper smelting in my country, the smelter has been in operation for more than 40 years. The Gansu Provincial Environmental Protection Department and the Gansu Provincial Economic and Trade Commission have twice decided to rectify the factory within a time limit. In 2002, the State Environmental Protection Administration and the former State Economic and Trade Commission once again set a deadline for rectification, requiring that emissions must meet emission standards by 2005. At present, there is still no substantial progress in the treatment project of the smelter.

The old high-pollution sources have not been completely controlled, and new high-pollution projects have been launched in the west. It is reported that some polluting enterprises in the east have poured into the western region under the banner of attracting investment. Among the 70 projects introduced in Shizuishan City, Ningxia from January to April 2004, 43 were high energy-consuming projects, and the follow-up environmental protection work for some projects that had been put into production has not kept up. In recent years, while the discharge of industrial sewage in the Ningxia section of the Yellow River has been reduced, the proportion of domestic pollution and agricultural non-point source pollution has been increasing, becoming a new focus of Yellow River pollution control.

According to data from the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Environmental Protection Bureau, in 2003, the Ningxia section of the Yellow River discharged 235 million tons of wastewater annually, of which domestic sewage discharge reached 128 million tons, accounting for 54.4% of the total wastewater discharge. The discharge of chemical oxygen demand, the main pollutant in wastewater, was 101,500 tons, and the discharge of chemical oxygen demand in industrial and domestic wastewater was 76,400 tons and 25,100 tons respectively.

Accompanied by the rapid development of the economy. The old problems of Yellow River pollution control have not yet been completely solved, and new pollution and new problems are constantly emerging. At present, water pollution in the Yellow River Basin has gradually changed from concentrated industrial point source pollution to industrial point source pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution, and domestic pollution. The influence of domestic pollution is gradually increasing. Rural environmental protection and the prevention and control of pollution from agricultural fertilizers, pesticides, and livestock and poultry manure have become new focuses and new difficulties in pollution prevention and control, and have gradually shown the diversification of pollution structures and the complexity of pollution factors. .

The "pain" of pollution lies in the economic structure. The industrial structure of the Yellow River Basin is "heavy" and "small", which is incompatible with the characteristics of the water environment, making the river runoff smaller and smaller. The Yellow River must accept more and more More and more industrial wastewater is coming. "Heavy" is mainly reflected in the high concentration of heavy industry in Lanzhou, Baiyin, Baotou, Baoji, Xi'an, Xianyang and other places, which exceeds the environmental capacity. The Weihe River Basin, the largest tributary of the Yellow River, is the industrial base of Shaanxi. The annual sewage discharge in the Weihe River Basin reaches 800 million tons, accounting for 18% of the total sewage discharge in the Yellow River Basin. At present, the Weihe River has become a "Guanzhong sewer", and most sections of the river have lost their self-purification capabilities. "Small" is mainly reflected in the fact that some areas in the middle reaches of the Yellow River took advantage of the country's strengthening of water pollution control in the Huaihe River and Taihu Lake basins and the closure of a large number of polluting enterprises to buy equipment at low prices and engage in many "fifteen small" industries, taking over "polluting enterprises". baton". These small polluting enterprises operate in many areas and are very difficult to control.