Spring Festival couplets knowledge

Spring Festival couplets, pronounced chūn lián, are also called "opposite the door", "spring stickers", "couplets" and "couplets". It depicts the background of the times and expresses good wishes with neat, dual, concise and exquisite words, which is a unique literary form in China.

It is said that Meng Changjun, the monarch of Shu after the Five Dynasties, was a monarch who liked to be unconventional. On New Year's Eve at the end of 964, he had a whim to let a bachelor named Xin write two sentences on the mahogany board and hang them on the door frame of his living room as peach symbols. These two sentences are "Qing Yu in the New Year, Changchun in the First Festival". Enjoy the legacy of the previous generation in the new year. The second sentence is to the effect that festivals indicate that spring is always there. Since then, the form and content of Fu Tao have changed, not only by replacing "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu" with parallel couplets, but also by expanding the connotation of Fu Tao, not only to ward off evil spirits and disasters, but also by adding the content of praying and wishing. This became the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China.

In the Song Dynasty, it was quite common to write couplets on mahogany boards. Wang Anshi wrote in his poem "January Day" that "firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su. Thousands of families always exchange new peaches for old ones, which reflects the grand occasion of hanging peach symbols on New Year's Eve every year. At the same time, with the appearance of the door god and the peach symbol symbolizing happiness and auspiciousness written on red paper, the mission of exorcising evil spirits and avoiding disasters shouldered by the previous peach symbol has gradually shifted to the door god, and the content of the peach symbol has also evolved into expressing people's good wishes for good luck and good harvest in the coming year.

The word "Spring Festival couplets" appeared in the early Ming Dynasty. When Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was emperor, he liked ostentation and extravagance, and he also liked the peach symbols posted by the big family on New Year's Eve every year, so he wanted to promote them. One year before New Year's Eve, he issued an imperial edict requiring every household in Jinling to stick Spring Festival couplets written in red paper on their doorframes to welcome the Spring Festival. On the morning of New Year's Day, Zhu Yuanzhang made a tour incognito and went door to door to check the Spring Festival couplets. Whenever he sees a well-written Spring Festival couplets, he is very happy and full of praise. Zhu Yuanzhang was very angry when he saw that the family did not post Spring Festival couplets. He asked why. The attendant replied: this is a master who is engaged in killing pigs and cutting pigs. He is very busy during the New Year, and he hasn't had time to find someone to write. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered people to bring pen, ink, paper and inkstone, and wrote a pair of Spring Festival couplets for this family: "Split the road of life and death with both hands, and cut off the root of right and wrong with one knife." After writing, I will continue to patrol. After a period of time, Zhu Yuanzhang passed by here again when he returned to the palace. He saw that the butcher's house had not posted his Spring Festival couplets, so he asked what was going on. The host respectfully replied, "This pair of Spring Festival couplets was written by the emperor himself. We hang high in nave and burn incense every day. " Zhu Yuanzhang was very happy, so he ordered his attendants to give the family thirty taels of silver. It can be seen that the naming and promotion of "Spring Festival couplets" was promoted by Zhu Yuanzhang in every household by means of administrative orders and imperial edicts.

The Spring Festival is the "first of a hundred festivals" of the Chinese nation. In the historical civilization of China, there are many customs to celebrate the Spring Festival. So far, among the people, especially in rural areas, the most widely preserved customs are putting up Spring Festival couplets and putting up doors.

Putting up Spring Festival couplets is the first thing people do to celebrate the Spring Festival. Whenever the Spring Festival approaches, every household will put brand-new Spring Festival couplets on both sides of the gate, with black characters on a red background, which is steady and bright. Express the family's best wishes for the new year, such as "six animals are prosperous and the grain is abundant". Some Spring Festival couplets also focus on reflecting different "happiness views" of different industries and families. Therefore, it is undoubtedly a meaningful way to observe folk customs to carefully study the Spring Festival couplets posted by people during the Spring Festival.

When did the custom of pasting Spring Festival couplets begin? So far, there is no accurate material research. But it probably started in the post-Shu period more than 1000 years ago, which can be confirmed in historical records. Besides, according to Wang Zhu's Collection and Sui Ji of Yanjing, the original form of Spring Festival couplets is what people call "Fu Tao".

In the ancient mythology of China, it is said that there is a ghost world, in which there is a mountain, a big peach tree covering three thousand miles, and a golden rooster at the top of the tree. Whenever the golden rooster crows in the morning, the ghost who travels at night will rush back to the ghost domain. The Gate of Ghost Domain is located in the northeast of Taoshu District, and there are two gods standing by the door, namely shentu and Lei Yu. If the ghost does something unnatural at night, Shencha and Lei Yu will immediately find it, catch it, tie it with a rope made of Miscanthus, and give it to the tiger. So ghosts all over the world are afraid of tea and stagnation. So people carved them into peach trees and put them at their doorsteps to ward off evil spirits and prevent harm. Later, people simply carved the names of Shencha and Lei Yu on the mahogany board, thinking that this could also eliminate disasters. This kind of red board was later called "Fu Tao". In the Song Dynasty, people began to write couplets on mahogany boards, one for killing evil spirits, the other for expressing good wishes, and the third for decorating the portal for beauty. They also write couplets on red paper symbolizing happiness and auspiciousness, and stick them on both sides of doors and windows during the Spring Festival to express people's good wishes for good luck in the coming year.

Spring Festival is the first and most important traditional festival of China Lunar New Year. As the Spring Festival approaches, thousands of families write and paste Spring Festival couplets, which is a national custom that has been circulated for thousands of years, symbolizing good luck and expressing people's yearning for a better life. This is unique in the world. Mr. Zhou, a master of contemporary art, said: "Spring Festival couplets are the greatest, most magnificent and unparalleled literary activities in the world."

As early as the Warring States period more than two thousand years ago, the Central Plains region hung "peach stalks" on the Spring Festival, also known as "peach symbols". Fu Cha Dunchong's Yanjing Spring Festival couplets in Qing Dynasty recorded: "Spring Festival couplets are also Fu Tao. Since entering the customs, some scholars have written Spring Festival couplets under the eaves of the city in order to moisten their pens. After the sacrifice, it gradually tilted up and thousands of families took on a new look. " Pop away from the traditional Spring Festival couplets; The relationship between Spring Festival couplets and peach symbols can also be seen in Wang Anshi's poem "On the narrowest day of every family, always change new peaches for old ones" in the Song Dynasty.

What is a peach symbol? According to Huainanzi, this "peach symbol" is made of peach wood one inch wide and seven or eight inches long. Write the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on the mahogany board and hang them on both sides of the door. Or draw these two gods-left and right. The ancients used Fu Tao's calligraphy and painting Er Shen to suppress evil spirits. This is also known as the "door god" among the people. Fang Meng, the queen of Shu, wrote in the Five Dynasties more than 700 years ago: "Qing Yu in the New Year is a promise. Changchun. " It is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. Since Meng Chang wrote Fu Tao, scholars have followed suit and regarded Spring Festival couplets as elegant things. The wind of writing Spring Festival couplets has gradually spread.

However, in the Song Dynasty, Spring Festival couplets were still called "Fu Tao". Couplets are not only carved on peach symbols, but also pushed on pillars, which are later called "couplets". After the Song Dynasty, Yichun Post Station used couplets to write powder notes. Some people collect the ancient sayings of The Book of Songs, while others collect Tang and Song poems. According to legend, there is Wang Li's Spring Festival couplets: "The northern country is vast, and thousands of doors are fresh." This is the Spring Festival couplets hanging on people's teeth and cheeks.

Fu Tao is really called Spring Festival couplets. That was in the Ming Dynasty. According to Ming Dynasty scholar Chen, "Spring Festival couplets began in". Jinling, the imperial capital, can't send a letter before New Year's Eve. Officials are at home and add a pair of Spring Festival couplets at the door, so the emperor can go out and watch. "Zhu Yuanzhang not only traveled incognito personally, watched the laughter, but also personally presented the Spring Festival couplets to Bachelor Tao An and others. The emperor's advocacy made the Spring Festival couplets increasingly prosperous, and finally formed an enduring fashion. Couplets are called couplets, commonly known as couplets. Concise and profound, neat and balanced, with one word and one sound, is a unique art form of Chinese language. It can be said that couplet art is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation. The types of couplets can be divided into Spring Festival couplets, wedding couplets, birthday couplets, elegiac couplets, decorative couplets, industry couplets, communication couplets and miscellaneous couplets (including humorous couplets).

Couplets vary in length, only one or two words are short; It can be hundreds of words long. There are various forms of couplets, such as pairs, pairs, flowing pairs, couplets, set sentence pairs and so on. However, no matter what kind of couplets and forms are used, they must have the following characteristics:

First, the number of words should be equal and the sentences should be consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving a place for a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, neither more nor less.

Second, it is necessary to be honest and have a harmonious tone. The traditional habit is to "pucker up and fall flat", that is, the ending word of the last sentence of the first couplet is puckered up and the ending word of the last sentence of the second couplet is flat.

Third, the parts of speech should be relative and the position should be consistent. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", which means that nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, quantifiers to quantifiers, adverbs to adverbs and related words must be in the same position.

Fourth, the content should be related and run through from top to bottom. The meaning of up and down links must be interrelated, but they cannot be repeated.

In addition, the traditional practice of hanging couplets must be written straight and pasted vertically, from right to left and from top to bottom, and cannot be reversed.

The horizontal criticism closely related to couplets can be said to be the title and center of couplets. Good reviews can make the finishing point and complement each other in couplets.

Spring Festival couplets belong to a kind of couplets. Couplets are divided into Spring Festival couplets, birthday couplets, elegiac couplets, door couplets, hall couplets, temple couplets, scenery couplets, business couplets, game couplets and so on, and Spring Festival couplets are just one of them. The so-called couplets are those hung or pasted on the colonnade or doorframe in front of the main hall, so they are also called couplets. This kind of couplet is two equal strings of words, which stand opposite each other and have a certain connotation. That is to say, there is no limit to the number of words in couplets, but they must be equal, meaningful in content, regular in level and level, and neat in antithesis. All those who meet these conditions are couplets, otherwise they are not couplets.

Couplets are a unique literary form in China with a long history. Originally originated from the word peach. Fu Tao is two red wooden boards hung on doorframes in ancient China, with figures or handwriting painted or engraved on them to ward off evil spirits. Fu Tao appeared before the Qin and Han Dynasties. At that time, during the Spring Festival in China, there was a custom of hanging or carving Fu Tao around the gate, namely "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu".

So why can mahogany avoid evil and exorcise evil spirits? According to China's ancient myth "Shan Hai Jing", there was a mountain in ancient times that was a ghost world, called the ghost domain. At the gate of this ghost town, there is a big peach tree whose crown can cover the sky for three thousand miles. There is a golden rooster living in the tree, which is responsible for the dawn every day. Whenever the golden rooster crows in the morning, the ghost who travels at night must return to the ghost domain. On both sides of the gate of the ghost domain stood two gods. Their names were Shen Tu and Lei Yu. If ghosts do unnatural things at night, Shen Tu and Lei Yu will immediately catch them, tie them up with ropes and send them to the tiger, so all ghosts are afraid of Shen Tu and Lei Yu. In this way, Shen Tu, Lei Yu and Taomu were used to exorcise evil spirits and avoid disasters. They carved the shapes of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on mahogany, or carved their names on mahogany boards and hung them at the door to ward off evil spirits and prevent harm. This kind of red board is called "peach symbol".

At the same time, every household should put the word "Fu" on the door, wall and lintel. Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. According to Dream of Liang Lu, "When I was young, I would visit department stores, draw door gods and spend the Spring Festival ..."; "Scholars, big or small, must sweep the floor, clean the family, change the door gods, hang Zhong Xu, nail peaches, stick spring cards and worship their ancestors." The "spring card" in this article is the word "fu" written on red paper.

The word "fu" is now interpreted as "happiness", but in the past it meant "good luck" and "good luck". No matter now or in the past, the word "Fu" posted in the Spring Festival has pinned people's yearning for a happy life and wishes for a better future. In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, the people simply turn the word "Fu" upside down to mean "Fu has arrived" and "Fu has arrived".

There is also a legend that the word "fu" is posted upside down among the people. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, took the word "fu" as a secret memory and prepared to kill people. In order to eliminate this disaster, kind Ma Huanghou asked all the families in the city to put "Fu" on their doors before dawn.

Naturally, no one dares to go against Ma Huanghou's will, so the word "Fu" is posted on every door. If one of the families can't read, turn the word "fu" upside down. The next day, the emperor sent people to the streets to check and found that every family had posted the word "Fu", and another family had posted the word "Fu" upside down. When the emperor heard the news, he was furious and immediately ordered the body guard to cut down the house. Seeing that something was wrong, Ma Huanghou quickly said to Zhu Yuanzhang, "My family knew that you were visiting today and deliberately put the word' Fu' upside down. Isn't this the meaning of "blessed road"? " When the emperor heard the truth, he ordered his release, and a great disaster was finally eliminated. Since then, people have turned the word "Fu" upside down for good luck and in memory of Ma Huanghou.

Others elaborate the word "Fu" into various patterns, such as Shoutao, Carp yue longmen, Harvest of Grains, Dragon and Phoenix, etc. In the past, there was a folk saying that "on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, every family wrote big characters". The word "fu" used to be handwritten, but now it is sold in markets and shops.

Usually, Spring Festival couplets have two straight couplets and one horizontal couplet, and the last word of each straight couplet has the rhyme of Ping, Shang, Qu and Ru. Close to the current national tone four-tone method, but there are differences. The correct paste method is:

The top, bottom and entering sounds are the upper part, and the flat sound is the lower part.

Red Spring Festival couplets express the hope for the new year, and set off a strong festive atmosphere. They are an important carrier to express traditional culture in the form of folk art, and there are many stresses on pasting Spring Festival couplets. If you don't stick to them properly, you will be laughed at.

The traditional way to paste Spring Festival couplets is that when facing the gate, the upper couplet is on the right, the lower couplet is on the left, and the order of banners is from right to left. The other is the commonly used paste method. After liberation, because the horizontal writing format was changed from left to right, Spring Festival couplets can also be hung left and right, and the order of banners is also from left to right, which is suitable for people's reading habits. It is not civilized to "mix" two Spring Festival couplets together.

If the history of posting Spring Festival couplets in China has been 2000 years since Qin and Han Dynasties, why do people in China always have a soft spot for posting Spring Festival couplets? This involves the traditional thinking concept of China people. As the saying goes, "A year's plan lies in spring." Since ancient times, the people of China have had an optimistic thinking concept, that is, pinning their hopes on the future and praying that the future will bring them good luck. No matter whether you are happy, proud or unhappy in the past year, you always hope that the next year will be better, so when the Spring Festival comes, posting Spring Festival couplets is just the best choice to achieve this goal. They use Spring Festival couplets to express their joy and happiness in the coming year, or to express their expectations and high hopes for the new year. In their traditional concept, a good start in a year is the most pleasant and auspicious thing. Therefore, every Spring Festival, they express their good feelings and good expectations for the future by posting Spring Festival couplets. At the same time, China people attach great importance to the festive, auspicious and lively Spring Festival. Eating and drinking well, setting off firecrackers and visiting relatives and friends are all manifestations of festive psychology. Sticking Spring Festival couplets is only an external means to strengthen people's festive psychology and render the atmosphere.

Spring Festival couplets are a new style derived from China's ancient parallel prose and a traditional literary form of China's poetry. It is different from ancient parallel prose and poetry, and it is a unique independent style. Although the antithetical couplets in regular poems or parallel prose are often wonderful couplets, they can only be called couplets if they exist independently of regular poems or parallel prose. Its most striking feature is that it is paired in form, and the two couplets are "pairs" with each other, and they take care of each other and are closely related in content. The upper and lower couplets must have a complete and unified structure and clear and concise language. The specific requirements are as follows:

First, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets should be equal.

For example: "The Spring Festival is rich every year, good years and peace, and step by step." This pair of Spring Festival couplets has seven words each, and the number of words in the upper and lower couplets is equal, which is the most basic requirement of Spring Festival couplets. But there are other phenomena. 19 16 After the death of Yuan Shikai, the national people rushed to tell each other, rejoicing and dancing. A scholar in Sichuan claimed to go to Beijing to send Yuan Shikai an elegiac couplet. After listening to this, the villagers were surprised and puzzled. They opened his couplet, which read: "Yuan Shikai is immortal, long live the people of China". It makes people laugh after reading it. The literati deliberately asked, "What are you laughing at?" An outspoken young man said, "How can the word' Yuan Shikai' in the first part of the League be compared with the word' China people' in the second part?" The scholar laughed at Chi's voice and said, "Yes, Yuan Shikai is sorry for the people of China!" Although this story is about "elegiac couplet", and "elegiac couplet" also belongs to a kind of couplets, which shows that the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be equal regardless of Spring Festival couplets or other couplets. If not, it can only be a very individual alternative.

Second, the upper and lower conjunctions should be consistent and the part of speech should be consistent.

In other words, the phrases that make up the upper couplet are several words respectively, and the corresponding phrases of the lower couplet must also be several words respectively. The part of speech of upper and lower conjunctions indicates the category nature of words, such as nouns, verbs and adjectives. , should be arranged equally, both identity and relativity. As just listed, "the Spring Festival is rich every year, and the good years are peaceful and step by step." Each couplet consists of three phrases, namely: Spring Festival-Prosperity-Good Year, Good Year-Peace-Good Life. The upper and lower conjunctions are the same. "Xin" and "home" in this pair of Spring Festival couplets are adjectives. Spring, age, wealth and peace are all nouns. Niannian and Bubu are adverbs, and Hao and Gao are verbs. This requirement is mainly to better express the ideological content in symmetrical artistic language.

Third, the top and bottom lines should be harmonious.

In the expression of couplets, we should pay attention to the relative melody, that is, the tone is even and gentle. This is mainly for the sake of harmonious phonology, scattered ups and downs, and pleasing to the ear. According to legend, Ji Xiaolan once went south to Hangzhou, and a friend gave a banquet to welcome him. During the dinner, the host and guest answered each other. Ji Xiaolan is very witty, and his friends convince him that he is an orphan in the north. Xiaolan disapprovingly said: "Northern talents are all over the Great Wall; Where does the man's words start? " A friend said, "I went to the north a few years ago and brought a couplet. No one can match me." Xiaolan was dubious and asked, "Dude, which sentence did you make the other party unable to answer?" His friend read the first couplet: the twin towers are faint, with seven floors in all directions. Ji Xiaolan laughed after hearing this, and said, "It's because they feel disdainful to answer such a simple sentence that they can't be right!" The friend asked inexplicably, "So, how should the bottom line be right?" Ji Xiaolan blurted out: Shake it with one hand, and five fingers are three long and two short. After listening to this, this friend not only found the bottom line, but also admired Ji Xiaolan's extraordinary intelligence. This pair of "twin towers" is vague, with seven floors extending in all directions; The couplets with one hand swaying and three long fingers and two short fingers achieve the artistic effect of harmonious sound and rhyme, scattered ups and downs and pleasing to the ear.

Fourth, avoid crossing your hands.

The so-called "crossing hands" means semantic repetition and a waste of pen and ink. For example, the Spring Festival couplets commonly used by merchants in the old days have a word: "Business is booming all over the world, and financial resources are flourishing up to three rivers". This pair of Spring Festival couplets is even and neat, which complements the atmosphere of "Congratulations on getting rich" in firecrackers and is well received by the business community. However, further study will reveal that "connecting the four seas" and "reaching the three rivers" have the same meaning and the semantics are repeated, so the term of couplets is called "fighting". Seven words combined with a * * * only have fourteen words, six of which express the contents of three words, resulting in semantic repetition. Couplets are the most concise style in the article, and it is absolutely not allowed to waste pen and ink. In order to provide more information with fewer words, it is necessary to avoid two conjunctions saying the same meaning. For example, the words such as "shaking the earth", "inspiring the light" and "inspiring the spirit" in Spring Festival couplets are also semantic repetitions, and they all belong to the problem of "the donkey's head is not the horse's mouth".

Fifth, choose horizontal couplets.

Cross-dressing, also known as cross-dressing, cross-linking. Except for elegiac couplets and birthday couplets, most of them should be used. Cross-linking is closely related to the content of couplets. A good shawl can play a icing on the cake. In other words, crossing is the sublimation of the content of couplets, the theme of couplets and the finishing touch. In writing skills, horizontal style can be divided into three forms:

First, couplets are freehand brushwork, with titles such as "New Year" and "Happy New Year". , and the purpose of posting couplets is to directly call the roll;

Second, couplets are freehand brushwork, and banners are the crowning touch. For example, the horizontal line of "New Year is prosperous every year, and the New Year is safe step by step" is a batch of "lucky stars shine high", which reveals that the key to realizing the content of couplets is "lucky stars shine high", which is the finishing touch; Third, couplets complement each other, such as "reducing the burden and loving the people, the vast east wind often sends warmth;" The horizontal comment of "helping the poor and helping the needy, always caring for the rain and dew, spring rain" is "bright future", which complements the couplets, not only reveals the people's incomparable gratitude to the CPC Central Committee for "always being warm" and "always caring", but also praises the great future and glory of the party. The reverse string is mostly four words. In the past, the cross-linking was written horizontally from right to left. Now it is often written from left to right, and writing from right to left is a formal way of writing. The horizontal shawl should be stuck in the middle of the lintel, and its font should be consistent with the style of the upper and lower couplets, echoing up and down.

Spring Festival couplets have a wide range of contents, and almost every household sticks them during the Spring Festival. Not only that, even some restaurants, hair salons, hotels, grocery stores and other businesses and enterprises have posted Spring Festival couplets. This involves how to choose Spring Festival couplets.

First of all, Spring Festival couplets should highlight healthy aesthetic concepts and aesthetic pursuits.

Whether residents or units paste Spring Festival couplets, they should reflect a healthy aesthetic taste and pursuit. This aesthetic pursuit written by Nanhou Street in Fuzhou focuses on the prosperity of the motherland. For example, "A hundred flowers bloom in the spring, and everything glows when the sun is warm", "There are good people and good deeds everywhere in good times and good scenery, and new songs are made every day in the new society and new atmosphere". This kind of Spring Festival couplets summarizes the prosperity of the motherland, eulogizes the new look of the new era, and reveals the praise of the creators of Spring Festival couplets for the ever-changing and beautiful life of the motherland. Some Spring Festival couplets express their pursuit of beauty and yearning for the future, such as "two years old one night, two years old one night." "Tianzeng Life Insurance, Chunman Skill." This kind of family Spring Festival couplets is an expression of blessings and wishes for the coming year, hoping that everything will go well and be lucky in the new year.

Secondly, it is best to post Spring Festival couplets to show your personality.

Since posting Spring Festival couplets is to entrust some kind of wishes and blessings, different people, different industries and different identities will have different wishes and blessings from others, so posting Spring Festival couplets should conform to their own characteristics. For example, "Spring is good in Miao Zhuang; People are rich in new rice. " This is the Spring Festival couplets that reflect farmers' wishes and blessings for the new year. "Department stores are full of beautiful things, and cabinets are full of goods in spring, summer, autumn and winter; Louxing, full of east, west, north and south buildings. " This is the Spring Festival couplets to promote business prosperity. "A piece of chalk, drizzling, peaches and plums all over the world; Three-foot platform, swaying spring breeze caressing the beam. " This is the Spring Festival couplets posted by teachers' families. This kind of Spring Festival couplets, which embodies their own characteristics, highlights their incomparable love and loyal professionalism. Of course, families and units can post Spring Festival couplets that praise the country's prosperity, express their love for the motherland and socialism, and enthusiastically eulogize the future of the country and society. There is no doubt about it. Highlighting individuality mainly emphasizes not to post Spring Festival couplets in series. In other words, as a worker's family, if a pair of "struggling to raise pigs, three people will live a sweet life; Sweating on the farm will make people laugh when the fruits come in autumn.

Third, post Spring Festival couplets.

Sticking Spring Festival couplets should conform to the traditional rules, and the Spring Festival couplets should be pasted vertically. The first part should be posted on the right hand side (the left side of the door), the second part should be posted on the left hand side (the right side of the door), and the horizontal batch should also be read from right to left. Upper and lower couplets cannot be posted backwards. For example, "Spring blossoms in full bloom, and China shines in full bloom on warm days" cannot be labeled as "China shines in full bloom on warm days and flowers bloom in spring". From the content point of view, there is a causal relationship between the first half and the second half, because "spring blossoms" make everything in China shine in warm days. If you post it backwards, it will reverse the causal relationship and make people feel awkward to read. From the perspective of flat lines, we can judge the upper and lower couplets from the flat lines of the upper and lower sentences of Spring Festival couplets. The ending word "Yan" of this pair of Spring Festival couplets is four tones, that is, four tones. The suffix "Hui" in the bottom couplet is a tone, that is, a flat tone. Generally speaking, if the suffix is three or four tones, it is the upper part, and if the suffix is one or two tones, it is the lower part. But some couplets end with a flat tail and a lower tail. Don't think that all endings are superior endings. In this case, we should judge the upper and lower couplets from the contents of the Spring Festival couplets. This requires careful reading of couplets when posting, so as to truly understand the contents of couplets.

In addition, the size of Spring Festival couplets should be coordinated with their own portals. It is best to paste Spring Festival couplets with a width of/kloc-0.5 to 20 cm on the portal of residents' homes, and it is best for merchants to paste Spring Festival couplets with a width of 20 to 30 cm according to the width of the portal, which is harmonious and generous. As for the gates of some tall buildings, if the Spring Festival couplets are posted, the width of the Spring Festival couplets should not exceed 40 cm.

1. The pear flower garden melts the moon, and there is a faint wind in the catkin pond.

2. A batch of new beautiful flowers in the snow; Primula hongmei

Firecrackers bid farewell to the old year, and red plum blossoms welcome the new year.

4. The east wind blows Qian Shan green, and the spring rain sprinkles everything.

Business is booming all over the world, and financial resources are flourishing.

6. Beautiful scenery, happy birthday and many happy events.

7. The breeze blows the green willows, and the drizzle moistens the spring seedlings.

8. Beautiful scenery in winter and birds and flowers in spring.

9. Lotus flowers on all sides and willows on three sides, with mountains in one city and lakes in half.

10. One family is harmonious, one family is happy, and the four seasons are peaceful, and the four seasons are like spring.

1 1. outside the building, pigeons call for rain in spring, and butterflies warm the air the day before the court.

12. The people are diligent and thrifty, the land is fertile and the crops are abundant.

13. Write the first song in the spring of one year; Raise six livestock and pigs first.

14. People become rich; Pig arches get rich.

15. The dog guards the door; Good dog has an annual report, China.

16. The breeze helps the willows; Plum blossoms are lost in the pale moon.

17. Tiangou belongs to heaven; Haifu Gate.

18. tengu drives away the cold; Treasure pigs bring warm spring.

19. Six livestock pigs are precious; Spring is the latest in the four seasons.

20. Pig-raising arched households; Get rich, Yan Yingchun.

2 1. haishichun enters the house; Happy Year of the Pig.

22. Farmers are satisfied with their pigs; Everything in China is new.

23. Keep the dog at home; Getting rich has gold.

24. Keep the house boasting about jade dogs; Get rich, praise the golden pig.

25. Yangchun Liushun; The third night of the pig year.

26. The God of Wealth is old; Puppy arch

27. Dog peacekeeping; Pigs bring prosperity.

28. Happiness and auspiciousness; Flowers bloom with wealth.

29. Heshun Gate has the word "100 blessings and peace" worth 1,000 yuan: Vientiane is updated.

30. In the spring of the year, flowers are always in full bloom: welcome the new year.

3 1. There are four seasons in Chang 'an: celebrating the Spring Festival.

32. In the contemporary era, the mountains and rivers are new: Vientiane is updated.

Living happily in this treasure land for thousands of years, Wang Fu took care of everything: welcoming the New Year.

34. Smooth sailing, good luck every year, all the best, step by step, horizontal approval: good luck.

35. After a hundred years, vitality will unify the mountains and rivers.

36. The spring rain moistens everything, and the red plum embroidered Qianshan is horizontal: the spring is full.

37. Get rid of the old habits, five stresses and four beauties and a new style: farewell to the old and welcome the new.

38. All corners of the country are spring, and Qian Shan is full of glory: Vientiane is renewed.

39. A batch of new beautiful flowers in the snow; Primula hongmei