What protected parks are there in China and what protected animals are there?

my country's first-level key protected animals

(including all species and subspecies)

Lorris, bear monkey, Taiwanese monkey, dolphin-tailed monkey, Langur, golden monkey, gibbon, sun bear, giant panda, sable, mink, binturong, clouded leopard, leopard, tiger, snow leopard, dugong, white-tip dolphin, Chinese white dolphin, Asian elephant, Mongolian wild ass, Tibetan wild ass, wild horse , wild camel, mouse deer, black muntjac, white-lipped deer, Eld's deer, sika deer, dolphin deer, elk, bison, wild yak, Przewalski's gazelle, Tibetan antelope, saiga, takin, Taiwanese serow, red goral, pagoda Sheep, ibex, beaver, short-tailed albatross, white-bellied frigate bird, white stork, black stork, crested ibis, Chinese merganser, golden eagle, white-shouldered eagle, jade-belted sea eagle, white-tailed sea eagle, steller sea eagle , mock vulture, bearded vulture, slender-billed grouse, spotted-tailed hazel grouse, pheasant, Sichuan mountain partridge, Hainan mountain partridge, black-headed tragopan, red-breasted tragopan, gray-bellied tragopan, yellow-bellied tragopan, rainbow pheasant , Brown-eared Pheasant, Blue Pheasant, Black-necked Pheasant, White-necked Pheasant, Black Pheasant, Peacock Pheasant, Green Peacock, Black-necked Crane, Bald Crane, Red-crowned Crane, White Crane, Red-necked Crane, Bustard, Relict Gull , four-clawed tortoise, turtle, alligator lizard, monitor lizard, python, alligator, Xinjiang bighead fish, Chinese sturgeon, Dachshund's sturgeon, white sturgeon, red coral, Tridacna clams, nautilus, Chinese cockroach, golden beak Papilion butterfly, multi-branchial liguleata, Huangdao longnose insect.

3. Some first-level protected mammals

Mammals

Giant pandas

Giant pandas belong to the order Mammalia, order Carnivora, family Giant pandas genus.

The body shape is like a black bear, with a round and large head and a very short tail. The trunk and tail are white, and the ears, eyes and limbs are all black. It often sleeps in the bamboo forest, usually moves alone, moves slowly, has a docile temperament, has poor hearing and vision, and has weak self-defense capabilities.

It lives in alpine bamboo forests at an altitude of 1,400-3,500 meters. It mainly feeds on bamboo shoots, bamboo leaves and tender bamboo tips. It also likes to eat wild fruits or some animal foods.

It is only produced in Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi in China and is a world-class rare species.

The sun bear

Also known as the dog bear and the sun bear, it belongs to the Ursidae family and its scientific name is Helarctos malayanus.

The sun bear is the smallest species of bears, with a body length of about 100 centimeters and a weight of about 50 kilograms. The body is fat and the neck is short, the head is short and round, the eyes are small, the nose and lips are bare and hairless, the ears are small and the neck is wide. The hair on the whole body is short and sparse, black and smooth; the nose and lips are brown-yellow, and the eye circles are gray-brown; there is a brown-yellow horseshoe-shaped patch on the chest. There are symmetrical whorls on both shoulders, and there is also a whorl in the center of the chest spot. The tail is about as long as the ears; there are short webs at the base of the toes.

It inhabits tropical, subtropical rainforests and monsoon forests, mainly distributed in Indonesia, the Malay Peninsula, Myanmar and other places. It was first discovered in the mountainous areas on the southern border of Yunnan, my country, in 1972, and the number is very small.

Produced in southern Yunnan.

Sable

Also known as marten, marten, red sable, sable, and big leaf, it belongs to the Mustelidae family and its scientific name is Martes zibellina.

Sable has a slender body, short and strong limbs, and is similar to a stoat but slightly larger. Its body is about 40 cm long, its tail is about 12 cm long, and it weighs 0.5 to 1.0 kg. Males are generally larger than females; have 5 toes. The claws are sharp and curved. The ears are large, upright, and slightly triangular in shape. The tail hair is fluffy. The body color is dark brown, slightly mixed with white guard hairs; the head is light grayish brown, the ear edges are white, with yellow or yellowish-white throat spots; the chest has brown hairs, and the abdomen is light in color.

Sables live in subarctic coniferous forests or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests with a cold climate, and often build nests in tree holes or on piles of rocks. Except for the mating period, they mostly live alone; their vision and hearing are keen, and they move quickly. If disturbed, they will disappear in the woods in an instant. They mostly go to the ground or under the snow to feed at night. When food is scarce, they also come out to hunt during the day. They feed on small rodents, birds, pine nuts, wild fruits, bird eggs, etc. The activity range is within 5 to 10 square kilometers. . The estrus period is from April to May every year, and the gestation period is 9 to 10 months. Each litter has 2 to 4 cubs, reaching sexual maturity after 3 years old. The main natural enemies are yellow-throated martens and birds of prey.

The winter fur of sable is a top-grade fur with dense and rich villi, elastic skin and smooth color.

Produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Xinjiang.

The mink bear

Also known as the wolf bear, flying bear, and moon bear, it belongs to the Mustelidae family and its scientific name is Gulo gulo.

The mink bear is between a bear and a mink in appearance, with a body length of 80 to 100 centimeters, a weight of 8 to 14 kilograms, and a tail length of about 18 centimeters. The head is big and the ears are small, the back is curved, the limbs are short and strong, the long and curved claws cannot be retracted, and the tail hair is fluffy. There is a light brown horizontal band on both sides of the body, starting from the shoulders and converging at the base of the tail, shaped like a "crescent moon", so it is called the "moon bear".

The mink is a cold temperate animal. Except for the breeding season, it mostly moves alone and has a wide range of activities. It has its footprints in streams, river valleys, frozen soil above forest belts, and bare rocks. There is no fixed nest, and the cave usually has two exits, making it easier to escape in danger. It is a nocturnal animal. Mink bears are alert by nature, move covertly, are good at swimming and climbing, and can jump freely in dense forests, so they are also called "flying bears". There are almost no natural enemies in nature. There are well-developed odor glands near the anus, which have a certain defense function. Using urine to preserve food is one of its unique ways of adapting to the environment. Feeds on a variety of species, including ungulates, rodents, birds and forest berries. Have the habit of semi-hibernation. When breeding, they nest in tree holes, cliffs, rock crevices, or occupy the nests of other small animals. It goes into estrus from October to November every year, attracting the opposite sex with its roar, and breeds from February to April of the following year, with 1 to 5 offspring per litter.

The number of mink bears is very small and they are now endangered and should be strictly protected.

Produced in Heilongjiang, the Daxinganling Mountains of Inner Mongolia, and parts of Xinjiang.

Binturong

Also known as bear civet, it belongs to the civet family and its scientific name is Arctictis binturong.

The binturong, which looks like a small black bear, has a thick tail that is almost as long as its body (70-80 cm). Its body hair is black and fluffy, mixed with light brown. There are tufts of hair up to 5 cm long at the ends of the ears, and the edges of the ears are white. The limbs are stout and the five toes have strong and sharp claws; the tail is winding. The head, around the eyes, forehead and chin are dark gray, and there are long white whiskers beside the lips.

The binturong lives in tropical rain forests or monsoon forests. Its sharp claws and prehensile and prehensile tail enable it to climb tall trees with ease, making it a typical arboreal animal. Binturongs are more active in the morning and dusk and mainly feed on fruits, bird eggs, small birds and small mammals. It can reproduce all year round. It mates in February to March every year and gives birth to 2 to 3 cubs in mid-May. Its life span is 10 to 15 years.

Produced in southern Yunnan.

Clouded leopard

Also known as turtle leopard, lotus leaf leopard, willow leopard, and camphor leopard, it belongs to the cat family and its scientific name is Neofelis nebulosa.

The clouded leopard is slightly larger than the golden cat, weighing 15 to 20 kilograms and about 1 meter in length, which is smaller than the leopard. There are several long and narrow black spots on the side of the body connected to form large cloud-like spots, hence the name, "Clouded Leopard". Clouded leopards have grayish-yellow fur and black rings around their eyes. There are 4 black stripes on the back of the neck, the middle two end at the shoulders, and the outer two continue to extend backward to the tail; the chest, abdomen and four inner sides are grayish white with dark brown stripes; the tail is about 80 cm long, with several stripes on the end. Black ring.

Clouded leopards are nocturnal animals and are most active in the early morning and evening. It inhabits mountainous evergreen broad-leaved forests, and its coat color and surrounding environment form a good protection and concealment effect. It has high ability to climb trees and is more agile than moving on the ground. Its tail has become an effective balance organ, allowing it to move and sleep in trees. Mating usually takes place at night during the estrus period. The gestation period is about 90 days, with 2 to 4 offspring per litter.

Produced in the provinces south of the Yangtze River, Shaanxi, Gansu and Taiwan.

Leopard

Also known as leopard, leopard, and leopard, it belongs to the cat family and its scientific name is Panthera pardus.

The body shape is similar to that of tiger, but smaller. It is a large and medium-sized carnivorous beast. Weighing about 50 kilograms, the body length is more than 1 meter, and the tail length exceeds half of the body length. The head is round, the ears are short, the limbs are strong and powerful, and the claws are sharp and stretchable. The leopard's body is brightly colored, and its coat is brown and yellow, with black spots and rings all over the body, forming ancient money-like markings, so it is called "Golden Leopard". Its back is darker and its belly is milky white.

Leopards live in a variety of habitats, ranging from low mountains and hills to alpine forests and shrubs, and have fixed nests that are highly concealed. Leopards have extremely strong physical fitness, extremely sensitive vision and sense of smell, and are alert in temperament. They can swim and climb trees, making them bold and ferocious carnivores with a wide range of food habits. During breeding, they compete fiercely for females. They go into heat and mate from March to April, and give birth to cubs from June to July, with 2 to 3 cubs per litter. The cubs leave the mother in the autumn of that year and live independently.

Subspecies include: North China leopard, South China leopard, and Amur leopard

It is found in the mountain forest areas of Guangdong, North China, and Northeast China.

Tiger

Belongs to the class Mammalia, order Carnivora, family Felidae, subfamily Leopardae, and genus Leopard.

The body is large, the head is round, the limbs are thick, and the body is strong. The whole body is orange in color with horizontal black stripes; the belly is white with obvious black stripes; the tail has horizontal black stripes and a black tail tip. It lives in mountain forests and is mostly alone at night. Agile and good at swimming. Feeds on some herbivorous animals. There are several subspecies in my country, which are distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, parts of South China and Yunnan.

Subspecies: South China tiger, Siberian tiger, Bengal tiger, Southeast Asian tiger (Indochinese tiger)

Snow leopard

Belongs to the class Mammalia, order Carnivore, order Felidae, subspecies Leopard Family Panthera genus.

The whole body is gray and white, covered with black spots; the tail is long and the tail hair is long and fluffy. It is the most beautiful leopard species.

The habitat is above 2000-6000 meters above sea level, and it often lives on bare rocks in mountains. It is ferocious, alert, and agile in movement. It feeds mainly on blue sheep, argali, etc., and also preys on small animals such as hares, marmots, and pheasants.

In my country, it is distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and other places.

Aquatic animals

Baiji dolphin

Also known as Baiji and Baiji dolphin, it belongs to the family Beakidae, and its scientific name is Lipotes vexillifer.

The Baiji dolphin is a dolphin-like freshwater mammal that lives in rivers and lakes. Its body is spindle-shaped, its skin is naked and hairless, it has a long snout, and its eyes are small and degraded; its sonar system is particularly sensitive , can detect and identify objects in water. The dorsal fin is bluntly triangular in shape, and both the flippers and tail fin are spread horizontally. The back of the body is blue-gray and the belly is white. The body color of newborn cubs is darker than that of adults. There is a mammary slit on each side of the reproductive slit in the female's abdomen, and a small blind hole in front of the anus in the male. So far, the largest female found is 253 centimeters long and weighs 237 kilograms; the largest male is 216 centimeters long and weighs 125 kilograms.

The Baiji dolphin lives in areas near the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River where there are many sandbars and beaches, and where large and small tributaries are connected to the main stream. They like to live in groups, especially during the spring mating season, and their swarming behavior is more obvious. Each group usually has 2 to 6 animals. It has a wide range of activities, but has high requirements for hydrological conditions. It often stays in a fixed area for a period of time, and then moves to another area after the hydrological conditions change. Feed on fish. Baiji dolphins breed once every two years, with one calf per litter, and are about 80 centimeters long at birth. The population of Baiji dolphins is very small. It is a rare aquatic animal unique to my country and needs to be protected.

Produced in the main streams of the Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu sections of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it has been declared extinct.

Dugong

Also known as mermaid, it belongs to the Dugong family and its scientific name is Dugong dugong.

The dugong's body is spindle-shaped, about 3 meters long and weighs 300 to 500 kilograms. There is sparse short fine body hair all over the body. There is no obvious neck, the head is small, the upper lip is like a horseshoe, the snout has protruding bristles, and two approximately circular breathing holes are juxtaposed at the front of the head; there is no external auricle, and the ear holes are located behind the eyes. There is no dorsal fin, and the flippers are oval. The tail fin is wide, flat and symmetrical on the left and right sides, and the trailing edge is forked without notches. There is a pair of breasts under the flippers. The back is mainly dark gray and the belly is slightly lighter.

Dugongs are marine herbivorous mammals. Its distribution is closely related to water temperature, ocean currents and the distribution of seaweed as the main food. They mostly appear in the seagrass about 20 meters away from the coast. Sometimes they enter the estuary with the tide. After feeding, they return to the sea with the low tide. They rarely swim to the open sea. They live in family groups of 2 to 3, live at the bottom of seagrass areas with good hiding conditions, and regularly surface to breathe. They are often regarded as "mermaids" when they surface, leaving many beautiful legends to people.

Dugongs are marine animals that evolved from terrestrial herbivores. They have been severely hunted and their resources have been damaged. They urgently need to be protected.

Produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and the southern coast of Taiwan.

Herbivore

Asian elephant

Also known as Indian elephant, elephant, wild elephant, it belongs to the Elephantidae family, and its scientific name is Elephas maximus.

The elephant is the largest terrestrial animal in existence. The most eye-catching feature and the most legendary thing is the long, fleshy elephant that is about two meters long, can be bent, rolled freely, and has very sensitive feelings. Nose, there is a fleshy protrusion at the end of the nose. The tusks, which are more than 1 meter long, are the incisors on the male elephant's upper jaw that protrude outside the mouth. They are also powerful defensive weapons.

The elephant's eyes are small and its ears are large, and the ears are set back to cover both sides of the neck. The limbs are thick and strong, with 5 toes on the forelimbs and 4 toes on the hind limbs. The tail is short and thin, the skin is thick and wrinkled, and the whole body is covered with sparse short hair. The top of the head is the highest point, with a body length of 5 to 6 meters, a height of 2.5 meters, and a weight of 4 to 6 tons.

Asian elephants live in tropical areas. Often wandering in valleys, riversides, bamboo forests, and broad-leaved mixed forests below 1,000 meters above sea level. They live in groups, with each group having several or dozens of animals, led by an adult male elephant as the leader of the group. They have no fixed residence and a wide range of activities. The staple food is bamboo shoots, young leaves, wild plantain and palm leaf reed. Elephants generally act in self-defense and retaliation against provocations that damage their living environment, harm their own species, or offend their dignity. The gestation period is 600 to 640 days, with one baby born per litter, and sexual maturity is reached between the ages of 8 and 12 years. Life expectancy is 50 to 60 years.

There are very few wild elephants now, and there are many domesticated and draft elephants in some Southeast Asian countries. Our country's wild elephants are only distributed in the border areas adjacent to Myanmar and Laos in southern Yunnan Province. Their numbers are very rare, and they have been repeatedly killed and the damage is very serious. Countries have established nature reserves in areas where they are distributed, and the state severely punishes those who hunt wild elephants at will in accordance with the law.

Mongolian wild ass

Also known as Asian wild ass, hungry donkey and wild ass, it belongs to the horse family and its scientific name is Equus hemionus.

Large ungulates. It looks like a mule, with a body length of up to 260 cm, a shoulder height of about 120 cm, a tail length of about 80 cm, and a weight of about 250 kg. The muzzle is slightly elongated and the ears are long and pointed. The tail is slender, with longer tip hairs, which are brown. The limbs are strong and powerful, and the hooves are smaller than that of a horse but slightly larger than that of a donkey. The nape of the neck has short mane, the back of the neck, shoulders, and back are light yellowish brown. There is a tan backline in the center of the back extending to the base of the tail. The lower neck, chest, sides, and abdomen are yellowish white, and the coat color on the back is similar to that of the back. There is no clear dividing line.

It is a typical desert animal and lives in open meadows and semi-desert and desert areas on the plateau at an altitude of about 3800 meters. They live a wandering life and are thirsty. In winter, they mainly eat snow to quench their thirst. Feeds on grasses of the Gramineae, Cyperaceae and Liliaceae families. The braying sound is like that of a domestic donkey, but short and hoarse. During the period of estrus and mating from August to September, male donkeys compete fiercely for females, and the winner has the right to mate. The gestation period is about 11 months, and each litter is 1 litter.

Produced in Gansu, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia.

Tibetan wild ass

Also known as wild ass and donkey, it belongs to the horse family and its scientific name is Equus kiang.

Large ungulates. The appearance is similar to the Mongolian wild ass. The back, shoulders and back of the neck are yellow-brown, which turns into light brown or tan in winter. The ventral side of the neck, chest, body sides and abdomen are all white, and the fur color on the back is the same. There is a clear dividing line.

It lives in alpine desert areas. In summer, it lives in mountains with an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, and in winter, it lives in places with lower altitudes. Lives well in groups, is good at running, and has high vigilance. Likes to eat thatch, carex and artemisia. In arid environments, they will find suitable places to use hoof digging holes to dig out water for drinking. They can also provide drinking water for Tibetan antelopes and other ungulates.

Produced in Tibet, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Sichuan.

Wild horse

Also known as Przewalski's horse, it belongs to the horse family and its scientific name is Equus przewalskii.

A large ungulate, with a body length of 220 to 280 cm, a shoulder height of more than 120 cm, and a weight of more than 200 kilograms. The head is long, the neck is thick, the ears are shorter than donkey ears, and the hooves are wide and round. The overall appearance is like a horse, but there is no long hair on the forehead, and the mane on the neck is short and upright. The summer hair is light brown, the sides and the inside of the limbs are light brown, and the belly is creamy yellow; the winter hair is slightly longer and thicker, the color becomes lighter, and there are long auburn hairs on the cheeks.

It inhabits mountainous grasslands, deserts and deserts and Gobis with slightly better aquatic conditions on gentle slopes. Wild horses are alert and good at galloping; they usually form a herd of 5 to 20 horses, led by a strong male horse, and live a nomadic life. They usually go to springs and streams along fixed routes to drink water in the morning and evening. It likes to eat splendens, Haloxylon ammodendron and reeds. In winter, it can dig through the snow to find dead grass. They go into heat and mate in June, and give birth in April to May of the following year, with one calf per litter. The foals can run with the herd a few hours after they are born.

The wild horse was originally distributed in the Beita Mountains of the Junggar Basin in northern Xinjiang, my country, and the Mazong Mountains at the junction of Gansu and Inner Mongolia.

The last time wild horses were discovered was in 1957. It is estimated that the wild population has become extinct. There are still a certain number of wild horses living in captivity or in a semi-free state. Since the late 1980s, wild horses have been introduced from Europe to Qitai, Xinjiang and Wuwei, Gansu. Semi-dispersed breeding, scientific experiments and research work are carried out to return wild horses to nature.

It is native to northern Xinjiang, at the junction of Gansu and Inner Mongolia.

Wild camel

Also known as Bactrian camel and wild camel, it belongs to the family Camelidae and its scientific name is Camelus bactrianus.

Large artiodactyls. The body is tall and very similar to the domestic Bactrian camel. The head is small, the ears are short, there is a cleft in the center of the upper lip, and there are valves in the nostrils to protect against wind and sand. The back has double humps and the tail is short. The limbs are slender and there are thick fleshy pads under the soles of the feet. The whole body is covered with fine and soft down, the fur color is mostly light brown, the muzzle is slightly gray, the tips of the elbow joints are brown and black, and the tail hair is brown.

Live in the Gobi desert. Camels are docile, alert, tenacious, responsive, fast and persistent, and can withstand hunger, thirst, cold and heat, so they are known as the "Ship of the Desert". Wild camels have seasonal migration and diurnal migration. They mainly feed on plants such as tamarisk, camel thorn, splendens splendens, and white thorn. After eating, they find a relatively quiet place to lie down and ruminate. The estrus period is in March, the gestation period is 13 months, and each litter is 1 litter. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, domestic Bactrian camels were a means of transportation on my country's famous ancient "Silk Road."

Produced in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang.

Mousedeer

Also known as the little mousedeer, it belongs to the family Mousedeer, and its scientific name is Tragulus JAVAnicus.

The smallest animal among the artiodactyls, it is about the size of a rabbit, with a body length of about 47 centimeters and a weight of only about 2 kilograms. Both sexes are hornless, and the male has well-developed fangs. The limbs are slender and the main hoof has a narrow tip. There are white longitudinal stripes on the throat and the abdomen is white. The coat color is yellowish brown on the back, legs and sides of the body that are exposed to direct sunlight.

It lives in tropical secondary forests, shrubs, and grass slopes. It often moves in river valley shrubs and deep grass, and sometimes enters farmland. It has a solitary temperament, is very sensitive in grass and bushes, and is good at hiding, and generally does not stray far from its habitat. It is mainly active in the morning and dusk and feeds on young plant leaves, stems and

berries. Breeding occurs throughout the year, with a gestation period of 5 to 6 months, with one litter per litter, and occasionally two litters. The litters can move half an hour after birth.

Mousedeer is a deer animal that retains many original characteristics and is very valuable in evolutionary biology research.

Produced in Mengla County, southern Yunnan.

Black muntjac

Also known as red-headed green muntjac, black-headed muntjac, and shaggy-headed muntjac, it belongs to the deer family and its scientific name is Muntiacus crinifrons.

The black muntjac is the larger species of muntjac. The body length is 100-110 cm, the shoulder height is about 60 cm, and the weight is 21-26 kg. The male has horns with a longer handle and a cluster of brown crests 5 to 7 cm long on the top of the head and between the two horns. The upper body of the winter hair is dark brown; the brown content of the summer hair increases. The tail is long, usually more than 20 cm, with a black back and pure white fur on the tail belly and sides. The white tail is very eye-catching.

Inhabits mountain jungles. They are timid, have a strong sense of fear, and mostly live alone. It has the habit of wandering for food, going back and forth within a certain range until it is full; it feeds on the twigs and leaves of trees, shrubs, flowers, fruits or herbs. The breeding period is not fixed. The gestation period is about 6 months, and each fetus has 1 litter.

The black deer is a specialty animal in my country and has high research and economic value.

Produced in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Fujian.

White-lipped deer

Also known as rock deer, white-nose deer, and yellow deer, it belongs to the Cervidae family and its scientific name is Cervus albirostris.

The size of the white-lipped deer is similar to that of sambar and red deer. The tear socket of the skull is large and deep. The area around the lip and lower jaw are white, hence the name "white-lipped deer", which is a specialty animal in my country. The straight line length of an adult male deer's antlers can reach 1 meter, with 4 to 6 branches. Females have no antlers. The hooves are wider.

The whole body is yellowish brown, the buttocks spots are light brown, and there are no black back lines and white spots.

Inhabits alpine shrubs or grasslands at an altitude of 3,500 to 5,000 meters. During the day, it often hides in forest edges or other bushes. It also climbs flowstone beaches and bare rock cliffs, and is good at climbing and running. Like group life. It mainly feeds on grasses, Polygonaceae, and Sedum plants. It also eats a variety of leaves and has the habit of eating salt.

Oestrus and mating usually occur from September to November. Males fight fiercely for mates. The gestation period is about 8 months, and each litter has one calf. The young deer have white spots on their bodies. Deer antler has a high yield and is a valuable Chinese medicinal material.

Produced in Qinghai, Gansu, western Sichuan, and eastern Tibet.

Eld's deer

Also known as Hainan Eld's deer and Zedeer, it belongs to the Cervidae family and its scientific name is Cervus eldi.

The body shape is similar to that of sika deer but slightly smaller, but its neck, body and limbs are more slender, making it appear particularly strong. Male deer have antlers, and the first eyebrow protrudes flatly from the base to the front, almost forming an arch shape with the trunk. The coat is yellow-brown, red-brown or tan, and the midline of the back is dark brown. There is a row of white spots on both sides of the back. The spots on young deer are particularly obvious. The spots on adult deer's winter hair are not obvious.

Inhabits low hills and plains below 200 meters above sea level. They like to live in groups, but long-antlered stags tend to be solitary. Eld's deer like to gather in small river valleys and are highly alert. They will look up every time they eat a few mouthfuls. If there is any movement, they will run wildly and jump across ravines several meters wide. It feeds on grass, young branches and leaves, and also likes to lick plant ashes in burned areas. Oestrus and mating mostly occur in April to May. During the estrus period, males fight fiercely for dominance over the female deer herd. The gestation period is 7 to 8 months, with one baby per fetus.

Produced in Hainan Island. The distribution range is narrow and the number is small.

Sika deer

Also known as spotted deer and deer, it belongs to the Cervidae family and its scientific name is Cervus nippon.

Sika deer is a medium-sized deer, with a body length of 140 to 170 cm, a shoulder height of 85 to 100 cm, and an adult weight of 100 to 150 kg. The female deer is smaller. Male deer have antlers, usually four-pronged. There is a dark brown backline in the center of the back. The tail is short, black on the back and white on the belly. The summer coat is brownish-yellow with bright white plum blossom spots, so it is called "sika deer". The buttocks are white.

Live in forest edges or mountain grassland areas. The habitat changes with the seasons. Male deer usually live alone, but return to the herd when they are in heat and mating. It is active in the morning and dusk, feeds on grass and leaves, and likes to lick salt and alkali. They are in heat and mate from September to November, and the male deer compete fiercely for females. Each of them occupies a certain territory. They give birth from April to June of the following year, with one calf per litter. The calves have white spots on their bodies.

Produced in Northeast China, Anhui, Jiangxi and Sichuan. Sika deer has a high economic value. Historically, it has been over-hunted and its wild population has been very small. Now the artificial breeding population has reached hundreds of thousands.

Dolphin deer

Also known as sage deer, it belongs to the Cervidae family and its scientific name is Cervus porcinus.

The short and stocky dolphin deer has a body length of 100 to 115 meters, a shoulder height of 60 to 70 centimeters, a tail length of about 17 centimeters, and a weight of 35 to 50 kilograms. The male has three-pronged horns; its limbs are relatively short. . The whole body is light brown, the belly is gray, the summer hair has gray-white spots on both sides of the back, and the spots on the sides of the body are irregular. The buttocks are blunt, round and low, looking like pig buttocks, hence the name "dolphin deer".

Inhabits wetlands along both sides of the river. It stays up during the day and emerges at night, and is good at crossing bushes and grass, and can also jump over obstacles. They mostly move alone and temporarily form small groups during the mating period. It likes to eat young grass that regenerates after burning wasteland, and also eats reed leaves and other aquatic plants. It occasionally eats soybeans, corn seedlings, melons and other crops. They are in heat and mate from September to October, and the gestation period is 7 to 8 months. Each litter has one litter, and occasionally two litters are born. The litters have white spots on their bodies.

Produced in southern Yunnan. Our country's wild populations are on the verge of extinction and urgently need to be protected.

Elk

Also known as Sibuxiang, it belongs to the deer family and its scientific name is Elaphurus davidianus.

The body is about 200 centimeters long and weighs 100 (female) to 200 (male) kilograms. It is commonly known as the Sibuxiang because its head is like a horse, its antlers are like a deer, its tail is like a donkey, and its hooves are like an ox. Only male deer have antlers, their necks and backs are relatively thick, and their limbs are thick. The main hoof is wide and can be separated, there is a healthy membrane between the toes, and the side hooves are well developed, making it suitable for walking in swamps. The hair is reddish-brown in summer and gray-brown in winter; the newborn cubs have orange-red hair with white spots.

Based on fossil data, it is inferred that elk are native to the humid plains and basins in eastern my country, ranging from Liaoning in the north to Hainan in the south, Shanxi and Hunan in the west, and the East China Sea in the east. It is a herbivore, feeding on a variety of grasses, liverworts and fresh leaves. They like to live in groups, with one male and multiple females in estrus; mating usually begins in July, with a gestation period of 315 to 350 days, and one litter per litter.

Original in Liaoning, North China, the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

In the 18th century, the wild elk population in my country was extinct, and only a herd of deer was raised in Nanyuan, Beijing, exclusively for royal hunting. Later, it was looted by the Eight-Power Allied Forces and smuggled abroad. Since 1985, my country has brought back more than 80 animals from abroad in batches and raised them in Nanyuan, Beijing and Dafeng County, Jiangsu. An elk nature reserve has been established in Dafeng County, Jiangsu Province, where they are scattered, to carry out protection management and scientific research to restore the wild population of elk in nature.

Bison

Also known as white socks and white-limbed bison, it belongs to the Bovidae family and its scientific name is Bos gaurus.

The bison is huge, with a body length of about 200 centimeters and a weight of about 1,500 kilograms. The two corners are thick, sharp and curved. There is a white spot on the upper part of the forehead. There is a bump like a tumor from the shoulder to the front of the back. Most of the body hair is tan or black, and the hair on the limbs below the knees is white, so it is also called "white socks".

Inhabits tropical and subtropical broad-leaved forests, bamboo forests or savannas, usually with more than 10 individuals per group. They are generally active in the morning and evening, and some are active at night. It has a keen sense of smell and a fierce temperament, and is not afraid when encountering enemies. Feeds on various grasses, leaves, twigs, bark, etc. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of 4 years, and the mating period is usually from September to October. The gestation period is about 9 months, and each litter is 1 calf.

Produced in southern Yunnan and southern Tibet.

Wild yak

Also known as yak, it belongs to the family Bovidae, and its scientific name is Bos mutus.

It is similar in size to a domestic yak, but much larger and has particularly high shoulders. The body length is 200 to 280 cm, the shoulder height is 160 to 180 cm, and the weight is more than 500 kilograms. Both males and females have horns, short and thick limbs, large and round hooves, and small tips of the hoof nails, but they are particularly strong. The hair on the head and back of the body is short and smooth, and the throat, neck, abdomen, sides and tail are all covered with long hair. The abdominal hair can be up to 70 cm long. Except for a few white hairs around the snout, the whole body is dark brown and black.

Typical plateau animals live in the plateau zone at an altitude of 3,000 to 6,000 meters. In the winter, they go to lower places and in the summer, they return to the high mountains. They live in groups of dozens, sometimes even hundreds, and are active in the morning and dusk. It is both cold-resistant and hungry-resistant, and feeds on grasses and lichens. In September, there is estrus and mating. At this time, bulls fight fiercely for the mother. The gestation period is about 9 months, and each fetus has 1 litter. During the estrus period, male wild yaks break into domestic yaks to mate and give birth. Sometimes they take the opportunity to "abduct" domestic yaks and turn them into wild animals.

Produced in Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet.

Tibetan antelope

Also known as Tibetan antelope, long-horned sheep, and antelope, it belongs to the Bovidae family and its scientific name is Pantholops hodgsoni.

The Tibetan antelope is a unique animal in my country, with a body length of 135 cm, a shoulder height of about 80 cm, and a weight of 45 to 60 kg. Physically strong. The head is wide and long, and the snout is thick. Male horns are long and straight, black and shiny, generally about 60 cm long, while females have no horns. The nose is broad and slightly raised, the tail is short, and the limbs are strong and well-proportioned. Except for the cheeks, lower parts of limbs and tail, the rest of the body is covered with rich and dense hair, and the whole body is light brown.

Inhabits the plateau zone between 4000 and 5300 meters. They especially like to do activities on grassy beaches with water sources. They live in groups, and males and females usually move in groups, usually in small groups of 2 to 6 or more than 10, or in large groups of hundreds or more. Morning and evening activities. Cowardly and alert in nature, with well-developed hearing and vision, they often appear in inaccessible places and are extremely difficult to approach. There is a phenomenon of long-distance seasonal migration. The food is mainly composed of grasses and sedge plants. The estrus period is late winter and early spring, and there is fierce competition among males for females. One male sheep can lead several female sheep to form a family. They give birth from June to August, with one baby per litter.

Produced in Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet.

High-nosed antelope

Also known as Saiga antelope and Big-nosed antelope, it belongs to the Bovidae family and its scientific name is Saiga tatarica.

The body length is 100-150 cm, the shoulder height is 63-83 cm, the male adult weight is 37-60 kg, and the female is 29-37 kg. The male has horns, 28 to 37 centimeters long, and about 3/4 of the base is ringed, amber in color. Because the nose is particularly enlarged and swollen, it curves downward, and the nostrils are at the very tip, hence the name "high-nosed antelope". The body hair is dense and brown, with white on the abdomen and inside of the limbs. The winter hair is gray-white.

Live in desert and semi-desert areas. Live in small groups. Sometimes there are large flocks of hundreds or thousands of birds migrating. In winter, they are mostly active during the day, and in summer, they are mainly active in the morning and dusk.

There is a seasonal migration phenomenon, moving southward to sunny and warm hillside areas in winter. It can run very fast and has great endurance, so it is called a "long-distance runner" by herdsmen. The food is mainly grass and shrubs. They come into estrus and mate in late autumn and early winter. There is fierce competition among males for females, but it does not last long. The gestation period is more than 6 months, and each fetus has 1 to 2 offspring. The wild population in our country has become extinct. It has been introduced back to China and is being raised semi-free range in Gansu and Xinjiang. Experiments and research are conducted to restore the wild population.

The precious medicinal antelope horns that people usually call come from the saiga antelope.

Original from the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang.

Takin

Also known as takin, golden takin and wildebeest, it belongs to the family Bovidae and its scientific name is Budorcas taxicolor.

It has a stout body, about 200 centimeters in length, about 150 centimeters in shoulder height, and weighs about 250 kilograms. Both males and females have horns, which are curved in a special and twisted shape, so they are called "takin". Its snout is exposed and separated by an obvious mid-nasal suture, and its forehead is raised. The tail is short, the limbs are strong, the forelimbs are particularly developed, and the shoulder height is greater than the hip height. The coat is short and loose, but the hair on the lower side of the body is particularly long. The four subspecies distributed in my country all have different coat colors. The Qinling subspecies is white or golden yellow; the Bhutan subspecies is light brown with an obvious black midline on the back, and newborn calves are brown.

Inhabits mountain forests at an altitude of 1,500 to 4,000 meters. They live in groups, with as few as 3 to 5 animals, and as many as dozens or hundreds. There are "whistle cows" in the group, and their duty is to stand on high ground and guard. The takin looks thick and clumsy, but its reflexes are sharp and its climbing ability is strong. They feed on various branches, leaves, bamboo leaves, grass, etc., and migrate as the seasons and food base change. The breeding period is from June to August, and the gestation period is about 8 months, with one litter per litter.

Produced in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet.

Red goral

Also known as red green sheep, red goat, and red goral, it belongs to the Bovidae family and its scientific name is Naemorhedus cranbrooki.

Parks: National Forest Park, Mangshan National Forest Park, Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Dongping National Forest Park, National Geological Park

Suzaku National Forest Park, Shimen National Forest Park, Yellowstone National Park, etc.