Ten famous doctors in ancient times

The ten famous doctors in ancient China refer to Bian Que, Hua Tuo, Zhang Zhongjing, Huangfu Mi, Ye Gui, Sun Simiao, Xue Shengbai, Song Ci, Li Shizhen, and Ge Hong. Their fields are traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. He is the author of works such as "Bian Que Nei Jing", "External Jing", "Binhu Pulsology", "Eight Pulses Examination of Qijing" and "Dampness and Heat Discrimination".

Bian Que

A medical scientist during the Warring States Period, his real name was from Qinyue, also known as Doctor Lu. According to research, he was born in about the 19th year of King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty (407 BC) and died in the 5th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (310 BC). He was good at using "needle stone", "taking soup", "ironing", etc. to treat diseases. His works "Bian Que Nei Jing" and "Wai Jing" were lost early. Why is he called "Bian Que"? This is his nickname. Bian Que was good at using the four diagnostic methods, especially pulse diagnosis and inspection, to diagnose diseases. "Historical Records: Biography of Bian Quecang Gong" records two medical cases related to him: one is to use pulse diagnosis to diagnose Zhao Zijian's disease, and the other is to use inspection to diagnose Qi Huanhou's disease. Therefore, it is called the "Pulse Study".

Hua Tuo

Zi Yuanhua was born in Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou, Anhui). A medical scientist at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he specialized in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, and acupuncture, and was particularly good at surgery. The use of "Ma Fei San" was the earliest general anesthesia in the world's medical history, and he also invented the "Wu Qin Xi". According to research, he was born in the first year of Yongjia in the Han Dynasty (145 AD) and died in the 13th year of Jian'an (208 AD). This research is very doubtful. Because the "Book of the Later Han·Hua Tuo Biography" records that Hua Tuo was "even a hundred years old, but he still had a strong appearance, and people at that time thought he was an immortal." According to this, Hua Tuo may have lived more than sixty-four years. It has been more than 1,700 years since Hua Tuo was killed, but the people will always miss him. There is the Hua Tuo Memorial Tomb in Xuzhou, Jiangsu; there is the Huazu Temple in Peixian County. A couplet in the temple expresses the author's feelings and summarizes Hua Tuo's life: "The doctor cut off his belly, but he actually opened the Qi Holy Gate. Who knows the jailer?" A mediocre person will cause his suicide note to be burnt; a noble scholar will not bother to serve the traitor, but he will only regret the historical minister's writing, but will be tired of his deeds and slander him for thousands of years. , Nieyang, Nanyang County, Eastern Han Dynasty (now a native of Dengzhou, Nanyang City, Henan Province), was born in about the first year of Heping (150) in the Eastern Han Dynasty and died in the 24th year of Jian'an (219). He was a medical scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty and resigned from office to practice medicine. He collected many prescriptions and wrote "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases", which established the law of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" in Chinese medicine. It laid the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine therapy and was the earliest classic work in my country that contained principles, methods and prescriptions. , pioneered the diagnosis and treatment of syndromes in Chinese medicine; at the same time, he was unique in preparations and had a profound impact on future generations. Therefore, doctors of all generations respected Zhang Zhongjing as the "Medical Sage", so there is a saying that "the medical sage is the best in medicine." Among Yao and Shun, the only person who was honored with this honor was Zhongjing. "Hua Tuo, who was the contemporary of Zhang Zhongjing, read "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" and said happily: "This is a real living person." During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tao Hongjing said: "Zhongjing is the most important ancestor of all prescriptions." Sun Simiao, a doctor in the Tang Dynasty, said: "Zhongjing's secret prescriptions are not passed down by the masters in the south of the Yangtze River." This shows that Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" still guides clinical practice and is a must-read for doctors.

Huang Fumi

His courtesy name is Shi'an, and his name was Jing when he was young. He called himself Mr. Xuan Yan in his later years. He was a famous medical doctor from Anding Chaona (now Chaona Town, Lingtai County, Gansu Province) in the Western Jin Dynasty. His book "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Jiayi Jing" is the first in my country. This is a monograph on acupuncture, summarizing the achievements of acupuncture before the Jin Dynasty, and occupies a high academic status in the history of acupuncture.

Ye Gui

Ye Gui, courtesy name Tianshi and Xiuyan, was a Qing Dynasty medical scientist (1667-1746). His grandfather Ye Shi and his father Ye Chaocai were both famous local doctors. Ye Gui studied medicine with his father when he was 14 years old. When his father passed away, he continued to study with his father's disciple named Zhu. He was diligent, studious and intelligent. Within a few years, he surpassed Mr. Zhu who taught him and became famous in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. The founder of the School of Diseases, his reputation is not lower than that of the "Four Great Masters of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties", and he is also a well-known figure in the north and south. His book "Treatise on Warm Heat" is still highly regarded by clinical doctors for treating abnormal meridians, spleen and stomach. He is particularly good at pediatrics and other diseases, and there are also "Ye An Cun Zhen" and "The Final Medical Records".

Sun Simiao

A native of Jingzhaodong (now Sunjiayuan, Yao County, Shaanxi Province), he was born in the first year of Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty and died in the first year of Yongchun in the Tang Dynasty. He lived to be 102 years old (some say he lived to be 141 years old). He was a famous medical scientist and pharmacologist in the history of our country and even the world. Historically, he was revered as the "King of Medicine". He devoted his life to medical research, authored "Thousands of Gold Prescriptions", created a classification system for internal diseases and fu-organ diseases, and made great contributions to medicine.

Xue Shengbai

Xue Shengbai, also known as Xue; the courtesy name is Shengbai, and the nickname is Yidian, also known as Huaiyun Taoist. A native of Wuxian County in the Qing Dynasty, he was born in the 20th year of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1681) and died in the 35th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1770) at the age of 90. He is as famous as Ye Tianshi at the same time. In his early years, he traveled to the sect of the famous Confucian Ye Xie. He was good at poetry and prose. He was also good at calligraphy and painting, and was good at boxing skills. Later, because his mother suffered from damp-heat disease, he devoted himself to medicine and perfected his skills day by day. Xue Xue lived a life of heroism and indifference. He died at the age of ninety. Therefore, we also know that Xue Xue is not a professional doctor, but he is a master in the treatment of damp-heat syndrome. His book "Dampness-heat Tiaojian" has become a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation, and he has made great contributions to the study of febrile diseases. He also tried to select and compile the original text of the "Nei Jing" into six volumes of "The Original Purpose of the Medical Classic" (1754). Tang Dali's "Wu Yihui Lectures" records eight of his "Miscellaneous Notes on Daily Lectures", expounding medical theory and medication; there are also "Gao Wan Guan Zi" (special issue manuscript), "Shang Ke Fang", "Xue Yi Lao Treatise on Malaria" (copy), etc.

Song Ci

A native of Fujian in the Song Dynasty. In 1247, he summarized his experience in forensic medicine before the Song Dynasty and his own experience as a four-time judge and wrote "The Collection of Cleansing Wrongs", which is the earliest forensic text in the world.

Song Ci (1186-1249), courtesy name Huifu, Han nationality, was from Jianyang (now part of Nanping, Fujian). He was an outstanding forensic scientist in ancient China and was known as the "Father of Forensic Medicine". He wrote " "A Collection of Cleansing Wrongs". It is generally believed in the West that it was Song Ci who pioneered "forensic identification" in 1235 AD.

Li Shizhen

The courtesy name is Dongbi, also known as Li Dongbi, and the name is Binhu. He was a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty and a native of Hubei Qi (now Qichun County, Hubei Province). He was born in the 10th year of Zhengde, Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty. Three years later (1518 AD), he died in the 21st year of Shenzong Wanli (1593 AD). His father, Li Yan, was a famous local doctor. Li Shizhen inherited her family knowledge, especially herbal medicine, and was full of practical spirit and willing to learn from the working people. When Li Shizhen was thirty-eight years old, she was summoned by the King of Chu in Wuchang to serve as the "Fengcizheng" of the palace and also in charge of the affairs of the good doctor's office. Three years later, he was recommended to Beijing to serve as a judge at the Taiyuan Hospital. Taiyuan Hospital was a medical institution dedicated to serving the palace. At that time, it was made into a mess by some quack doctors. Li Shizhen only served here for one year before resigning and returning to his hometown. Li Shizhen referred to more than 800 medical and academic books from past dynasties, combined with his own experience and investigation and research, and searched extensively. It took 30 years and three revisions to complete the "Compendium of Materia Medica", which is a masterpiece in the history of Chinese medicine. It is the summative masterpiece of pharmacology in my country before Ming Dynasty. It is highly praised at home and abroad, and has been translated or abridged in several languages. He also wrote books such as "Binhu Pulsology" and "Eight Meridians of Qijing".

Ge Hong

Zhichuan, nicknamed Baopuzi, known as "Ge Xianweng", was a thinker and medical scientist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. A native of Jurong County, Danyang (now Jurong County, Jiangsu Province). He was born in about the fourth year of Taikang in the Jin Dynasty (AD 283) and died in the first year of Xingning in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 363). In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Luofu Mountain in Guangdong, refining elixirs, collecting medicines, and writing until his death. He was also a famous scientist in ancient times. He made many important discoveries and creations in medicine and pharmaceutical chemistry, and also had many outstanding insights in literature. His works consist of approximately five hundred and thirty volumes. However, most of them have been lost. The ones that have been handed down to this day mainly include Ge Hong's medical works "Baopuzi" and "Elbow Hou Rescue Prescriptions". According to historical records, there are also 100 volumes of "Jin Gui Prescriptions" and "Shenxian Fu". "Food Prescriptions" in ten volumes, "Food Prescriptions" in four volumes, and "Yu Han Jian Prescriptions" in five volumes.