What is the result of the first five-year plan of New China?

From 1953 to 1957, the first five-year plan was implemented in New China. This is an important period for the Chinese people to lay a preliminary foundation for industrialization. Under the circumstance of being blocked and embargoed by most capitalist countries in the world, New China accepted the capital, technology and equipment assistance from the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries through equivalent exchange of foreign trade. Nearly 1, industrial projects with "156 projects" as the core have been built, which has made China's heavy industry with energy, machinery and raw materials as the main content take a big step on the road of modernization. With "156 projects" as the core and more than 9 large and medium-sized projects (above designated size) as the focus, China has formed an independent industrial system in an unprecedented way. It took 19 years from the construction of the first project in 195 to the completion of 15 of the "156 projects" in 1969. The climax of construction was during the first five-year plan period. By the end of 1957, more than half of the "156 projects" had been completed or put into operation on schedule, which played an important role in socialist construction.

the newly-increased industrial production capacity during the first five-year plan period is unprecedented in the history of China. Take the iron and steel industry as an example. In 1956 alone, the newly-increased steelmaking capacity reached 1.422 million tons, far exceeding the steelmaking capacity of old China (the highest annual output was 923,7 tons in 1943). The development speed has also surpassed that of capitalist countries in history. It took only five years for China's steel output to increase from 1.35 million tons in 1952 to 5.35 million tons in 1957. It took 12 years for American steel production to increase from 1.27 million tons in 188 to 5.1 million tons in 1892. It took 23 years for Britain to increase from 1.31 million tons in 188 to 5.11 million tons in 193. It took 26 years for France to increase from 1.34 million tons in 1897 to 5.3 million tons in 1923. That is to say, during the "First Five-Year Plan" period, the five-year journey of China's iron and steel industry is equivalent to that of the United States in 12 years, Britain in 23 years and France in 26 years. The huge growth of industrial production capacity has created a material foundation for the further rapid development of China's industry. The "156" key construction projects and nearly 1, industrial construction projects above designated size have also initially changed the unreasonable industrial layout in old China and promoted the balanced development of regional economy. 7% of the industrial facilities in old China were concentrated in the coastal areas, and the limited mainland industries were mainly concentrated in a few big cities. Northwest China, which accounts for 1/3 of the country's land area, accounted for only 2% of the country's industrial output value in 1949, and there has been no industrial base for nearly a hundred years. Weak industries are too concentrated in the corner of the eastern coast, which is not only unfavorable to the rational allocation of resources, but also extremely unfavorable to the economic security of the country. In order to change this situation, during the first Five-Year Plan period, the China government put a considerable part of the 156 projects aided by the Soviet Union and other projects above designated size in the mainland with relatively weak industrial base. Considering resources and other factors, iron and steel enterprises, non-ferrous metal smelting enterprises, chemical enterprises, etc. are selected in the central and western regions with abundant mineral resources and sufficient energy supply; The mechanical processing enterprises will be located near the raw material production base. Among the 15 projects put into construction, there are 16 civil enterprises, except 5 in the northeast, and most of them are in the central and western regions, that is, 29 in the central region and 21 in the western region; Of the 44 national defense enterprises, 35 are located in the central and western regions, except for some shipyards located by the sea. The actual investment of 15 projects was 19.61 billion yuan, of which the northeast accounted for 44.3% of the actual investment, and most of the rest was invested in the central and western regions, with the central region accounting for 32.9%; The western region accounts for 2%. Among the 21 projects built by 16 civil enterprises in the western region, the energy projects are: Tongchuan Wangshiao Vertical Shaft, Xi 'an Thermal Power Station, Urumqi Thermal Power Station, Lingxian Thermal Power Station, Lanzhou Thermal Power Station, Chengdu Thermal Power Station, Chongqing Thermal Power Station and Gejiu Thermal Power Station; Nonferrous metal projects include: Yunnan Tin Company, Baiyin Nonferrous Metal Company, dongchuan copper mines administration, Huize Lead-zinc Mine; Petrochemical enterprises include: Lanzhou Refinery, Lanzhou Synthetic Rubber Plant and Lanzhou Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant; Machinery manufacturing enterprises include: Lanzhou Petroleum Machinery Factory, Lanzhou Petrochemical Machinery Factory, Xi 'an High-voltage Electric Porcelain Factory, Xi 'an Switch Rectifier Factory, Xi 'an Insulation Material Factory, Xi 'an Electric Power Window Container Factory, etc. Because each key construction project needs to arrange supporting projects, the first large-scale investment in the western region during the "First Five-Year Plan" period has greatly changed the backwardness of the western region and promoted the economic development and urbanization process in the western region. Key construction projects such as "156 projects" have also created conditions for the growth of engineering design, technology, construction personnel and industrial workers in China.

the construction process of "156 key projects" has gone through two stages: Soviet aid and independent construction. The whole 195s was the first stage, and the project was built under the guidance of Soviet experts. On July 16th, 196, the Soviet government suddenly sent a note to the China government, and decided to withdraw all Soviet experts in China from July 28th to September 1st, 196, thus unilaterally tearing up the aid contract to China. This has enabled the "156 projects" to enter the stage of independent construction. By the end of 196, 133 of the "156 projects" had been completed and 17 were under construction. Our people carry forward the spirit of "independence and self-reliance", overcome the technical problems encountered in the construction process and successfully complete the construction of the remaining projects.

after the completion of the "156 projects", newly built, rebuilt and expanded enterprises have made great contributions to the industrialization of China. The energy, raw materials and mechanical equipment it produces are continuously transported to all parts of the country; The technicians and skilled workers trained by them have become the seeds and backbones of new industrial bases, and they have made the spark of China industry gradually form a prairie fire. Under the traditional planned economy system, in order to concentrate financial and material resources to expand the industrial scale, these enterprises turned over all their profits to the state, and the depreciation rate of fixed assets was very low, and the renewal was very slow. When they turned over the profits equivalent to ten times or dozens of times of state investment to the state, they did not have the right and ability to renew and transform themselves, so that they quickly aged. Especially under the guiding ideology of class struggle, the rigid understanding of the economic system made China miss the opportunity of reform many times in 1956, 1965 and 197s. Since 198s, these large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises established in 195s and 196s are facing challenges, and it is necessary to establish a dynamic mechanism to meet the requirements of developing socialist market economy in the process of economic system reform. Since 198s, these enterprises have become the focus of the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. In the face of fierce competition in the market economy, most of them have re-emerged after arduous struggles such as restructuring, reorganization, production conversion and structural adjustment.

with the progress of industrialization, by 1957, when the First Five-Year Plan period ended, China's economic structure had undergone major changes. Obviously reflected in the industrial structure and the industry composition of social workers.

during the implementation of the first five-year plan, there were two "rash advances" in economic construction, but both were corrected in time.

the campaign to lay the foundation for industrialization