The custom of Mid-Autumn Festival is abbreviated to 20 words.

Customs of Mid-Autumn Festival: August 15 is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China, and everything revolves around the theme of the moon. (20 words)

The Mid-Autumn Festival originated in ancient times, popularized in the Han Dynasty, shaped in the early Tang Dynasty and prevailed after the Song Dynasty. Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional cultural festival popular in China and Chinese areas around the world. Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as Moon Festival, Moonlight Birthday, Moon Festival, Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Moon Festival, Moon Festival and Reunion Festival, is a traditional folk festival in China. The customs of Mid-Autumn Festival include: offering sacrifices to the moon, enjoying the moon, eating moon cakes, playing with lanterns, solve riddles on the lanterns, enjoying osmanthus and drinking osmanthus wine. I think there are four customs worth mentioning in Mid-Autumn Festival. Let's take a look:

? One of the Mid-Autumn Festival customs: offering sacrifices to the moon?

Offering sacrifices to the moon is a very old custom in China, which is actually the worship of the "Moon God" by the ancients. In ancient times, there was a custom of "autumn and dusk". The evening moon is the God of Yue Bai. From ancient times to the present, in some places in Guangdong, people have the custom of worshipping the moon god on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.

At the autumnal equinox, it is an ancient "Moon Festival". Mid-Autumn Festival comes from the traditional "offering sacrifices to the moon". Mid-Autumn Festival is popular in Han Dynasty, which is a period of economic and cultural exchanges and integration between the north and the south of China, and cultural exchanges between different places spread together. After the Tang Dynasty, Mid-Autumn Festival was popular in northern China. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become a popular folk festival, and August 15th of the lunar calendar was officially designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is an ancient ceremony, which expresses people's good wishes to pray for the moon god to bless the world. The word "Mid-Autumn Festival" first appeared in the documents of the Han Dynasty and was written in Zhou Li of the Han Dynasty (handed down from Zhou Gongdan, actually written between the Han Dynasty). According to legend, in the pre-Qin period, there were activities such as "Mid-Autumn Festival to welcome the cold night", "Giving good clothes in the Mid-Autumn Festival" and "Moon at the Autumn Equinox (Yue Bai)". As one of the important ceremonies of the Mid-Autumn Festival, offering sacrifices to the moon has continued from ancient times and gradually evolved into a folk activity of appreciating and praising the moon. Under the moon, put the "Luna God" tablet in the direction of the moon, and the red candle burns high. The whole family took turns in Yue Bai to pray.

Mid-Autumn Festival is a synthesis of autumn seasonal customs, most of which have ancient origins. Mid-Autumn Festival is popular in Han Dynasty, which is a period of economic and cultural exchanges and integration between North and South, and cultural exchanges in different places spread together. According to written records, in the Han Dynasty, there were activities in the Central Plains to respect and support the elderly and give them coarse cakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival or beginning of autumn. There are also written records about Mid-Autumn Festival in Jin Dynasty, but it is not very common. Mid-Autumn Festival in Jin Dynasty was not very popular in the Central Plains of northern China. Mid-Autumn Festival became an officially recognized national festival, probably in the Tang Dynasty, when the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival was popular in northern China. The Book of Emperor Taizong recorded the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become a popular folk festival, and August 15th of the lunar calendar was officially designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival.

? The second custom of Mid-Autumn Festival: Appreciating the Moon?

The custom of enjoying the moon comes from offering sacrifices to the moon, and serious sacrifices have become relaxing entertainment and enjoying the moon, which is an important custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival. It also refers to watching the full moon on the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th. It is said that the moon is closest to the earth that night, and it is the largest, roundest and brightest, so there has been a custom of drinking and enjoying the moon since ancient times. In the Tang Dynasty, it was quite popular to enjoy and play with the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Many poets wrote poems about the moon in their masterpieces. According to the existing written records of enjoying the moon, the folk Mid-Autumn Festival began in Wei and Jin Dynasties and flourished in Tang Dynasty. Many poets have poems about the moon in their masterpieces, and the court and folk activities to enjoy the moon in the Song and Ming Dynasties were even larger. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, the moon is usually round.

"Mid-autumn moon is bright", and the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival is the brightest. July, August and September are in the middle of the lunar calendar, and the full moon in August 15 is called "Mid-Autumn Moon", which is the Mid-Autumn Festival in China. Mid-Autumn Festival is usually the harvest season. It is an inherent law of nature that flowers bloom in spring and fruits are harvested in autumn. The ancients believed that a bumper harvest was the result of good weather. After the harvest, they will worship heaven and earth to show their gratitude. In ancient times, it gradually became a custom to offer sacrifices to the Moon God to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, the moon is usually round. This also derived from the custom of enjoying the moon.

For people in the Song Dynasty, there was another form of Mid-Autumn Festival, that is, a secular and joyful festival: "Before the Mid-Autumn Festival, all the shops made new wines, your family decorated pavilions, and the people competed for restaurants to play the moon, and the songs were heard far away, and the play lasted until dawn" (Dream of China in Tokyo). The Mid-Autumn Festival in the Song Dynasty was a sleepless night. The night market is open all night, and there are endless tourists playing with the moon. There is a bright moon all year round, so why enjoy the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival? Ouyang Zhan tried to explain this problem in the preface of the poem "Playing the Moon": "The moon is fun, the frost in winter is too cold, and the steamed clouds in summer are too hot. Yun Zheyue, frost invades people and is harmful to play. In Qiu Lai, winter comes in summer, autumn comes in August, and the season starts and ends in Meng, and the fifteenth day is in the night and the middle of the month. Looking up at the sky is hot and cold; Take the number of months and it will be round. " He gave an explanation from the weather point of view, which is reasonable from today's scientific point of view. In the Mid-Autumn Festival, the dry and cold air currents in the north forced the warm and humid air currents that had been swirling over most parts of China in summer to recede to the south, and the water vapor in the air decreased, and there were fewer clouds in the sky, so the autumn was crisp and the night sky was washed, so the moon was particularly bright, and people felt particularly bright from January to the Mid-Autumn Festival.

In a year, people choose to enjoy the moon around the Mid-Autumn Festival for natural reasons as well as historical reasons. The early moon sacrifice was held in autumn, when people's attention was focused on the moon, and they could fully appreciate the beauty of the moon that they usually missed. At this time, the upper class's understanding of the moon began to be rational, no longer a simple worship, and they gradually appreciated the full moon as a beautiful natural scene. This is the so-called "its moments of beauty" mentality. We can clearly see the traces of ancient myths from the poems of appreciating the moon in past dynasties. Osmanthus fragrans, white rabbit and Chang 'e are common images, which also proves the powerful influence of ancient moon myth on the fashion of enjoying the moon.

? The third custom of Mid-Autumn Festival: Eating moon cakes?

Moon cakes, also known as moon cakes, harvest cakes, palace cakes and reunion cakes. It is an offering to worship the moon god in ancient Mid-Autumn Festival. Moon cakes were originally used to worship the moon god. Later, people gradually regarded Mid-Autumn Festival as a symbol of family reunion.

As an offering to worship the moon god, moon cakes have a long history. The word "moon cake" was first seen in Liang Lumeng by Wu in the Southern Song Dynasty. Watching the moon and eating moon cakes is an essential custom in Mid-Autumn Festival in all parts of China. As the saying goes, "Moon cakes are sweet and fragrant when they are full on August 15th". ?

Dietary customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of August in the Han Chinese calendar. Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, once praised moon cakes with a poem, "A small cake is like chewing the moon, with crisp inside and stuffing inside", which shows that moon cakes in the Song Dynasty already have ghee and sugar stuffing.

In the Ming Dynasty, the custom of eating moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival became more common. Ming Shenbang's "Wan Bu Miscellaneous Notes" contains: "The furniture of ordinary people's homes is a kind of moon cake with different sizes, which is called moon cake." "Proceedings" said: "In August, Haitang and Hosta flowers were enjoyed in the palace. From the first day of the first lunar month, mooncakes have been sold, and by the fifteenth, every household has provided mooncakes and melons. If there are still moon cakes left, they should be stored in a dry and cool place and used separately at the end of the year, called reunion cakes. "

After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the custom of giving away mooncakes on Mid-Autumn Festival became increasingly popular, and mooncakes had the symbolic meaning of "reunion". From Qing Dynasty to modern times, new progress has been made in the quality and variety of moon cakes. Different raw materials, production methods and shapes make moon cakes more colorful, forming Beijing flavor, Suzhou flavor, Guangdong style and other unique varieties. Moon cakes are not only unique holiday food, but also exquisite cakes available in all seasons, which are deeply loved by people.

The word moon cake was first seen in Liang Lumeng by Wu in the Southern Song Dynasty, when it was just a snack. Later, people gradually associated moon viewing with moon cakes, symbolizing family reunion and bearing their thoughts. At the same time, moon cakes are also an important gift for friends to contact their feelings during the Mid-Autumn Festival. At that time, moon cakes were diamond-shaped, coexisting with chrysanthemum cakes, plum cakes and five-kernel cakes, and they were "available at any time. Call if you want, and don't miss customers". It can be seen that moon cakes at this time are not only eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival. As for the origin of the word moon cake, there is no textual research. However, Su Dongpo, a famous scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, left a poem "Little cakes are like chewing the moon, and there is fullness in the crisp", which may be the origin of the name of moon cakes and the basis of their practice. ?

? The fourth custom of Mid-Autumn Festival: Playing with lanterns?

There are many games in Mid-Autumn Festival, the first is playing lanterns. Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the three major Lantern Festival in China, so we should play with lanterns in festivals. Of course, the Mid-Autumn Festival does not have such a large lantern festival, and playing with lanterns is mainly between families and children.

There are many games in Mid-Autumn Festival, the first is playing lanterns. Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the three major Lantern Festival in China, so we should play with lanterns in festivals. Of course, the Mid-Autumn Festival does not have such a large lantern festival, and playing with lanterns is mainly between families and children. As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, it was recorded in the Story of the Old Wulin that the Mid-Autumn Festival was a custom, and there was an activity of putting the "Little Red" lamp into the river to drift and play. Lantern playing in Mid-Autumn Festival is mostly concentrated in the south. For example, in the autumn festival in Foshan, there are all kinds of colored lights: sesame lights, eggshell lights, wood shavings lights, straw lights, fish scales lights, chaff lights, melon seeds lights, birds and animals, flowers and trees lights and so on. These are all amazing.

In Nanning, Guangxi, in addition to all kinds of lanterns tied with paper and bamboo for children to play with, there are also simple grapefruit lanterns, pumpkin lanterns and orange lanterns. The so-called grapefruit lamp is to empty the grapefruit, carve a simple pattern, put on a rope and light a candle inside, which is very elegant. Pumpkin lanterns and orange lanterns are also made by removing pulp. Although simple, it is easy to make and very popular. Some children also put grapefruit lights into the pool water to play games. There is a simple household autumn lantern in Guangxi, which is a lantern made of six bamboo sticks, covered with white gauze paper and inserted with candles. It can be hung on the moon-offering table for moon-offering, and it can also be used for children to play. Nowadays, many areas in Guangdong and Guangxi arrange the Lantern Festival on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, making large modern lanterns illuminated by electric lights, and all kinds of new lanterns made of plastic for children to play with, but they lack the simplicity of the old lanterns.