Common sense of radioactive source safety

1. Knowledge of nuclear radiation protection

Personal radiation protection knowledge 1. How does the public respond to nuclear and radiation emergencies? In the event of a nuclear and radiation emergency, the first thing the public should do is to obtain as much credible information about the emergency as possible and understand the decisions and notices of the * * * department.

It is necessary to maintain information communication with local authorities through various means, and remember not to believe rumors or gossip. The second thing is to take necessary protective measures to protect yourself quickly.

For example, you can choose the nearest building for concealment, close the doors and windows, and close the ventilation equipment. According to the arrangement of the local * * * organized and orderly evacuation.

When judging radioactive scattering events, remember not to run in the wind or with the wind. Try to hide to the side of the wind direction and quickly enter the building for concealment. Take respiratory protection measures, including covering your nose and mouth with a wet towel and cloth to filter out radioactive particles.

If you suspect radioactive pollution on your body surface, you should take a bath and change clothes to reduce radioactive pollution. Prevent eating contaminated food or water.

In the event of nuclear and radiation emergencies, the public should pay special attention to maintaining a stable mentality and never panic. 2. What are the early protective measures for nuclear and radiation emergencies? Early stage refers to the protective measures that can be taken for personnel within 1~2 days after nuclear and radiation emergencies, such as concealment, respiratory protection, taking stable iodine, evacuation, controlling import and export channels, etc.

Among them, respiratory protection is the action of covering your nose with dry towel or wet towel, which can prevent or reduce the inhalation of radionuclides. Taking stable iodine can prevent or reduce the radioactive iodine in smoke plume from depositing in thyroid after entering the body.

3. What are the medium-term protective measures for nuclear and radiation emergencies? In the middle of the incident, a considerable amount of radioactive materials have been deposited on the ground. At this time, for individuals, other early protective measures can continue to be taken except for respirators.

In order to avoid excessive accumulated dose caused by long-term stay, the competent department can take a controlled and planned way to relocate the personnel in the polluted area. Consideration should also be given to restricting the sale and consumption of locally produced or stored food and drinking water.

According to the characteristics of personnel exposure in this period, protective measures can also be taken: using stored feed in animal husbandry, disinfecting personnel's body surface, treating the wounded and sick, etc. 4. What are the protective measures for nuclear and radiation emergencies? In the later stage of the accident (recovery period), the question is: can normal social life be restored and when? Still need to take further protective measures? At the later stage of the incident, the main exposure routes are in vivo exposure caused by ingestion of contaminated food and inhalation of resuspended substances.

Therefore, protective measures can be taken, including controlling import and export routes, avoiding migration, controlling food and water, using stored feed and purifying areas. 5. Under what circumstances should covert measures be taken and what should the public pay attention to? When a large number of radioactive substances are released into the atmosphere, concealment is one of the main protective measures in the early and middle stages of emergencies.

Most buildings can reduce the inhalation dose of people in the building by about half. After hiding for a period of time, the concentration of radionuclides in the air in the hidden body will increase after the smoke plume passes, so ventilation is needed to reduce the radioactive concentration in the air to a level equivalent to the outdoor cleanliness.

Therefore, for long-term release, the hidden protection effect is poor. It is generally believed that the concealment time should not exceed 2 days.

6. Under what circumstances do you need to take personal protective measures and what should the public pay attention to? When the air is polluted by radioactive substances, some personal protective measures need to be taken. Covering your nose and mouth with handkerchiefs, towels and cloth can reduce the dose caused by inhaling radioactive substances by about 90%.

The protection of body surface can be used in all kinds of daily clothes, including hats, headscarves, raincoats, gloves, boots and so on. It is very simple to decontaminate people whose body surfaces have been or are suspected to be contaminated by radioactivity. Just tell the relevant personnel to take a shower with water and take off the contaminated clothes, shoes, hats, etc. And store them until they have time to monitor or process them later.

It is necessary to prevent radioactive pollution from spreading to unpolluted areas. 7. Under what circumstances should I take stable iodine? After nuclear and radiation emergencies, people may ingest radioactive iodine and concentrate it in the thyroid gland, thus exposing this organ to a large dose of radiation.

Taking stable iodine at this time can reduce the absorption of radioactive iodine by thyroid. If you take stable iodine while inhaling radioactive iodine, you can block 90% of radioactive iodine deposition in the thyroid gland.

Taking stable iodine within a few hours of inhaling radioactive iodine can still reduce the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by thyroid by about half. The recommended dosage is 0/00 mg iodine for adults, 50 mg iodine for pregnant women and children aged 3- 12, and 25 mg iodine for children under 3 years old.

8. What should I pay attention to when taking stable iodine? For newborns within one month after birth, the dose of stable iodine should be kept at the lowest effective level. For some people, such as patients with thyroid nodules, patients with cured exophthalmos, patients treated with radioactive iodine, patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of thyroid, patients with unilateral thyroidectomy, patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, patients with iodine allergy, patients with certain skin diseases (acne, eczema, psoriasis), etc. Stable iodine should be used with caution or not.

9. Can iodine tablets (KI) protect against radiation? How does it protect against radiation? Physiologically, the main source of human iodine is the absorption of thyroid gland, which produces thyroid hormone. KI is stable iodine, which can saturate iodine in thyroid and prevent the intake of radioactive iodine.

The experience of Chernobyl shows that radioactive iodine is the main factor affecting the Chernobyl accident, which has caused more than 5000 cases of thyroid cancer in children, and the exposed population is between 0 and 18 years old. Therefore, the primary target of KI distribution is young children and pregnant women.

Iodine tablets cannot protect external radioactivity and radioactive substances other than iodine absorbed by the body. This is also the reason why iodine thyroid block will be combined with other protective measures (such as hiding indoors and closing doors and windows). ) on most occasions.

In order to give full play to the blocking effect of stable iodine on iodine thyroid, it is necessary to take stable iodine tablets as soon as possible before or after irradiation. Even a few hours after the accident, taking it can still prevent the thyroid gland from absorbing 50% iodine.

In order to prevent inhalation of radioactive iodine isotopes, one dose of stable iodine is usually enough, which can be as small as 24.

2. Nuclear radiation protection knowledge

Personal radiation protection knowledge 1. How does the public respond to nuclear and radiation emergencies? In the event of a nuclear and radiation emergency, the first thing the public should do is to obtain as much credible information about the emergency as possible and understand the decisions and notices of the * * * department.

It is necessary to maintain information communication with local authorities through various means, and remember not to believe rumors or gossip. The second thing is to take necessary protective measures to protect yourself quickly.

For example, you can choose the nearest building for concealment, close the doors and windows, and close the ventilation equipment. According to the arrangement of the local * * * organized and orderly evacuation.

When judging radioactive scattering events, remember not to run in the wind or with the wind. Try to hide to the side of the wind direction and quickly enter the building for concealment. Take respiratory protection measures, including covering your nose and mouth with a wet towel and cloth to filter out radioactive particles.

If you suspect radioactive pollution on your body surface, you should take a bath and change clothes to reduce radioactive pollution. Prevent eating contaminated food or water.

In the event of nuclear and radiation emergencies, the public should pay special attention to maintaining a stable mentality and never panic. 2. What are the early protective measures for nuclear and radiation emergencies? Early stage refers to the protective measures that can be taken for personnel within 1~2 days after nuclear and radiation emergencies, such as concealment, respiratory protection, taking stable iodine, evacuation, controlling import and export channels, etc.

Among them, respiratory protection is the action of covering your nose with dry towel or wet towel, which can prevent or reduce the inhalation of radionuclides. Taking stable iodine can prevent or reduce the radioactive iodine in smoke plume from depositing in thyroid after entering the body.

3. What are the medium-term protective measures for nuclear and radiation emergencies? In the middle of the incident, a considerable amount of radioactive materials have been deposited on the ground. At this time, for individuals, other early protective measures can continue to be taken except for respirators.

In order to avoid excessive accumulated dose caused by long-term stay, the competent department can take a controlled and planned way to relocate the personnel in the polluted area. Consideration should also be given to restricting the sale and consumption of locally produced or stored food and drinking water.

According to the characteristics of personnel exposure in this period, protective measures can also be taken: using stored feed in animal husbandry, disinfecting personnel's body surface, treating the wounded and sick, etc. 4. What are the protective measures for nuclear and radiation emergencies? In the later stage of the accident (recovery period), the question is: can normal social life be restored and when? Still need to take further protective measures? At the later stage of the incident, the main exposure routes are in vivo exposure caused by ingestion of contaminated food and inhalation of resuspended substances.

Therefore, protective measures can be taken, including controlling import and export routes, avoiding migration, controlling food and water, using stored feed and purifying areas. 5. Under what circumstances should covert measures be taken and what should the public pay attention to? When a large number of radioactive substances are released into the atmosphere, concealment is one of the main protective measures in the early and middle stages of emergencies.

Most buildings can reduce the inhalation dose of people in the building by about half. After hiding for a period of time, the concentration of radionuclides in the air in the hidden body will increase after the smoke plume passes, so ventilation is needed to reduce the radioactive concentration in the air to a level equivalent to the outdoor cleanliness.

Therefore, for long-term release, the hidden protection effect is poor. It is generally believed that the concealment time should not exceed 2 days.

6. Under what circumstances do you need to take personal protective measures and what should the public pay attention to? When the air is polluted by radioactive substances, some personal protective measures need to be taken. Covering your nose and mouth with handkerchiefs, towels and cloth can reduce the dose caused by inhaling radioactive substances by about 90%.

The protection of body surface can be used in all kinds of daily clothes, including hats, headscarves, raincoats, gloves, boots and so on. It is very simple to decontaminate people whose body surfaces have been or are suspected to be contaminated by radioactivity. Just tell the relevant personnel to take a shower with water and take off the contaminated clothes, shoes, hats, etc. And store them until they have time to monitor or process them later.

It is necessary to prevent radioactive pollution from spreading to unpolluted areas. 7. Under what circumstances should I take stable iodine? After nuclear and radiation emergencies, people may ingest radioactive iodine and concentrate it in the thyroid gland, thus exposing this organ to a large dose of radiation.

Taking stable iodine at this time can reduce the absorption of radioactive iodine by thyroid. If you take stable iodine while inhaling radioactive iodine, you can block 90% of radioactive iodine deposition in the thyroid gland.

Taking stable iodine within a few hours of inhaling radioactive iodine can still reduce the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by thyroid by about half. The recommended dosage is 0/00 mg iodine for adults, 50 mg iodine for pregnant women and children aged 3- 12, and 25 mg iodine for children under 3 years old.

8. What should I pay attention to when taking stable iodine? For newborns within one month after birth, the dose of stable iodine should be kept at the lowest effective level. For some people, such as patients with thyroid nodules, patients with cured exophthalmos, patients treated with radioactive iodine, patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of thyroid, patients with unilateral thyroidectomy, patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, patients with iodine allergy, patients with certain skin diseases (acne, eczema, psoriasis), etc. Stable iodine should be used with caution or not.

9. Can iodine tablets (KI) protect against radiation? How does it protect against radiation? Physiologically, the main source of human iodine is the absorption of thyroid gland, which produces thyroid hormone. KI is stable iodine, which can saturate iodine in thyroid and prevent the intake of radioactive iodine.

The experience of Chernobyl shows that radioactive iodine is the main factor affecting the Chernobyl accident, which has caused more than 5000 cases of thyroid cancer in children, and the exposed population is between 0 and 18 years old. Therefore, the primary target of KI distribution is young children and pregnant women.

Iodine tablets cannot protect external radioactivity and radioactive substances other than iodine absorbed by the body. This is also the reason why iodine thyroid block will be combined with other protective measures (such as hiding indoors and closing doors and windows). ) on most occasions.

In order to give full play to the blocking effect of stable iodine on iodine thyroid, it is necessary to take stable iodine tablets as soon as possible before or after irradiation. Even a few hours after the accident, taking it can still prevent the thyroid gland from absorbing 50% iodine.

In order to prevent inhalation of radioactive iodine isotopes, one dose of stable iodine is usually enough, which can be as small as 24.

3. What should I pay attention to when buying new radioactive sources?

Radioactive source safety management system In order to strengthen the prevention and control of radiation pollution, prevent and reduce the harm of radiation pollution accidents, effectively control the occurrence of radiation pollution incidents, effectively ensure the safe use of radioactive sources, safeguard the health of workers and the masses, and maintain social stability, this system is formulated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

First, radiation safety work permit and qualification management

1. Units that use radioisotopes, accelerators, neutron generators, radioactive sources and devices (hereinafter referred to as radioactive sources) shall apply for radiation safety work permits; The unit that has obtained the radiation safety work permit shall go through the replacement formalities with the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau three months before the end of the validity period; Scrapping and decommissioning of radioactive sources shall be handled at the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau in advance.

According to the requirements of radiation safety license, the above-mentioned units prepare relevant materials to the government affairs hall of the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau for declaration. After reviewing the relevant materials, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau shall report to the Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau for approval (including foreign radioactive sources that need to be approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration).

2. The radiation protection of users of radioactive sources shall conform to the national basic standards for ionizing radiation protection and radioactive source safety.

3. The design, construction and installation units of radioactive sources and their facilities must have nationally recognized qualifications and product certificates, and the newly purchased radioactive sources must have national unified numbers.

4, new construction, expansion, renovation of radioactive sources construction projects, after the completion and commissioning within three months, apply to the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau for acceptance, after the acceptance of the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, can be used.

Second, personal dose monitoring and radiation environment detection

1, users of radioactive sources should be equipped with necessary inspection or monitoring equipment. Technical and operational maintenance personnel with high radiation dose should be equipped with personal radiation dosimeter with alarm device.

2. Dose monitoring and alarm devices should be set up for devices and places containing radioactive sources in operation, and regular inspections should be conducted to ensure that radiation protection facilities are in good condition and the devices containing radioactive sources have stable performance.

Third, the organization and management and operator training

1, users of radioactive sources should set up radiation safety management institutions, establish safety organizations, and implement the "number one" responsibility system.

2, management and operation personnel for on-the-job training, obtain the certificate. Conduct professional training on radiation safety and environmental protection every year, including radiation safety knowledge, radiation safety management system and accident emergency treatment.

3. Radioactive sources should be kept by special personnel, and the principle of separation of management and use should be implemented, so as to put an end to the phenomenon of "one management at a time" and prevent radioactive sources from getting out of control.

Four. Daily safety management system and accident emergency measures

1. Establish a registration system for the use of radioactive sources. The storage, reception, use and return of radioactive sources shall be registered and inspected to ensure that the accounts are consistent with the contents.

2. Formulate the operating procedures for the use of radioactive sources, and implement the responsibilities to people and hang them in the workplace.

3. Establish and improve the safety system, and implement the responsibility system of fire prevention, theft prevention, loss prevention and leakage prevention.

4, formulate detailed accident emergency plan, all kinds of accident emergency handling procedures should be implemented to those responsible.

5. In case of radioactive source loss, theft, fire and radioactive pollution accidents, the accident emergency plan should be started immediately.

Five, the use and storage of radioactive sources safety protection requirements

1, the use of radioactive sources should have corresponding radiation shielding, and yellow lines should be set in the radiation safety restricted area, and dose measuring instruments with alarm should be installed.

2. Radioactive warning signs shall be set for the storage and use of radioactive sources. Flammable, explosive and corrosive articles shall not be placed nearby.

3, irradiation equipment or irradiation device should have the necessary safety interlock, alarm device or working signal.

4. The packaging containers of radioactive sources should have obvious radioactive signs and Chinese warning words.

5. When purchasing a new source, the unit using radioactive sources shall sign an agreement on the storage and disposal of waste radioactive sources with the radioactive source production unit (or the original exporting country or centralized storage facilities for waste sources).

6. Radioactive waste gas, waste water and radioactive solid waste generated by source units shall be treated and disposed of in accordance with relevant regulations, and discharged or sent to qualified units for disposal after reaching the standards prescribed by the state.

Six, radioactive source safety report and radiation detection

1. Report on unified numbering of radioactive sources. After the radioactive source arrives at the enterprise, fill in the application form with the source number and report it to the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau for the record.

2. In case of radioactive source loss, theft, fire and radioactive pollution accidents, it should be reported to the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and the Municipal Public Security Bureau at the first time, and also to the local * * * and environmental protection and public security departments.

3. The radioactive source user shall prepare the annual evaluation report on the safe use and security of radioactive sources, and report it to the environmental protection department or the county-level city environmental protection bureau within their respective administrative areas before the end of each year 1 1, and report it to the municipal environmental protection bureau at the same time.

4 units that produce radioactive waste gas, waste water and radioactive solid waste shall report the treatment and disposal to the environmental protection branch or the county-level environmental protection bureau within their respective administrative areas.

5. After receiving the annual evaluation report on the use and safety of radioisotopes, the environmental protection department shall conduct an annual inspection on users, including:

(1) Implement on-the-job training for radiation safety management institutions and personnel.

(2) Records on the use and registration of radioactive sources.

(3) Waste radioactive source recovery agreement and recovery certificate.

(4) the implementation of operating procedures, safety system and management system.

(5) the implementation of the emergency plan.

(6) Radiation shielding, dose measurement, alarm, warning signs and safety interlock device inspection.

(7) Check the radioactive monitoring data of the environment around the radioactive source.

Seven, the Interim Provisions shall be interpreted by the Science and Technology Department of the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

4. How to protect radioactive sources

The radiation emitted by radioactive sources includes alpha rays (alpha rays), beta rays (beta rays), gamma rays (gamma rays), neutron rays (n rays) and so on. They are invisible and intangible and can only be detected by special instruments. Different rays have different penetrating abilities to objects. A thick piece of paper can block alpha rays; Plexiglass, aluminum and other materials can effectively block beta rays; Gamma rays have strong penetrating ability and can be blocked by concrete, lead, etc. Neutron rays need to be blocked by light materials such as paraffin.

Therefore, radioactive sources are not terrible, and there is no need to be afraid of radioactive sources, especially those that have taken safety protection measures and are used normally, which are basically harmless to the human body.

There are three main protective measures to prevent or reduce the harm of radiation emitted by radioactive sources to human body: first, distance protection; The farther away from the radioactive source, the less rays are exposed and the less damage is caused; Second, shielding protection: choose appropriate shielding materials (such as concrete, iron or lead, etc. ) make a shield to block the radiation emitted by radioactive sources; Third, time protection: minimize contact time with radioactive sources. In practical work, the above three protective measures are usually used in combination.

According to national standards, all radioactive workplaces and packaging containers of radioactive sources must have warning signs. These signs are three-leaf electric fans with black patterns on a yellow background, and the words "Beware of ionizing radiation" are written directly below the patterns. Remind the general public to pay attention to identification signs in their daily lives and try not to get close to them.

5. What should I pay attention to in radiation protection?

Radiation protection and safety precautions

1 Subject content and scope of application:

This clause specifies the protective measures and precautions for all existing radioactive sources in our factory.

This clause applies to all existing radioactive sources in our factory.

2 What is a radioactive source? Radioactive source refers to a substance or entity made of radioactive substances that can produce radiation exposure. According to its sealed state, radioactive sources can be divided into sealed sources and unsealed sources.

A sealed source is a radioactive substance sealed in a cladding or tight covering. The material level gauge and flaw detector used in industrial and agricultural production all use sealed sources, such as cobalt -60, cesium-137 and iridium-192.

Unsealed sources refer to radioactive materials without cladding, and radioactive tracers used in early hospitals belong to unsealed sources, such as iodine-13 1, iodine-125, technetium -99m and so on.

The radioactive source of material level gauge and nuclear scale used in our factory is cesium-137Cs, and the calcium, iron and coal analyzer is 238Pu. All the above equipment have good shielding and protection design, which will hardly or rarely cause physical harm to the operators.

3 Radiation protection:

3. 1 distance protection: the farther away from the radioactive source, the less rays you contact and the less damage you suffer.

3.2 Shielding protection: Select appropriate shielding materials (such as concrete, iron or lead, etc.). ) as a shield to block the radiation emitted by radioactive sources.

3.3 Time protection: minimize the contact time with radioactive sources.

In practical work, the above three protective measures are used in combination.

4 safety precautions:

4. 1 All radioactive workplaces and radioactive source packaging containers have warning signs.

4.2 Lead injection of radioactive sources must be registered in the security department of the unit, and relevant systems shall be formulated, and designated persons shall be responsible for management. If it is lost, it should be reported to the local environmental protection and public security departments immediately.

5. Check:

5. The directors of1,vertical kiln 1# workshop, vertical kiln 2# workshop, rotary kiln workshop and laboratory are responsible for the supervision, inspection and implementation of this standard.

5.2, equipment department to guide and do a good job of publicity and education, spot check the implementation of this standard.

5.3, safeguard section is responsible for the factory radioactive source safety supervision of the implementation of this standard.

6. Nuclear safety tips: Under what circumstances do you need to take personal protective measures?

You mean personal protection in the nuclear field, and the main points are as follows:

1. Radioactive aerosols in the air (only when radioactive substances are emitted) will bring internal radiation after inhalation. If the concentration is high, you need to wear a mask or gas suit with good filtering effect (when the pollution is serious, most people will not touch it and will not let you go to this environment).

2. External radiation protection, source exemption does not matter, such as instrument calibration of tens of thousands of BQ; If the radioactive source is strong, it needs to be far enough away from the radioactive source. When necessary, there should be a shield to block radiation (rays). Don't stay in a radioactive place for too long to reduce the exposure time.

Radioactive sites are supervised by professionals. Neither the unit nor the environmental protection department will let you in casually. Professionals will make you wear appropriate protective equipment and testing instruments. Don't worry too much about this.

7. How to protect radioactive sources?

The radiation emitted by radioactive sources includes alpha rays (alpha rays), beta rays (beta rays), gamma rays (gamma rays), neutron rays (n rays) and so on. They are invisible and intangible and can only be detected by special instruments.

Different rays have different penetrating abilities to objects. A thick piece of paper can block alpha rays; Plexiglass, aluminum and other materials can effectively block beta rays; Gamma rays have strong penetrating ability and can be blocked by concrete and lead. Neutron rays need to be blocked by light materials such as paraffin.

Therefore, radioactive sources are not terrible, and there is no need to be afraid of radioactive sources, especially those that have taken safety protection measures and are used normally, which are basically harmless to the human body. To prevent or reduce the harm of radiation emitted by radioactive sources to human body, there are three main protection methods: (1) distance protection: the farther away from radioactive sources, the less radiation you are exposed to and the less damage you suffer.

(2) Shielding protection: Select appropriate shielding materials (such as concrete, iron or lead) to make shielding bodies to block the radiation emitted by radioactive sources. (3) Time protection: minimize the contact time with radioactive sources.

In practical work, the above three protective measures are usually used in combination. .

8. What are the radioactive sources?

Beware of the invisible black boy at home1999 February 4th Guangzhou Daily The number of mobile phone users in China exceeds160,000, and TV sets, computers, microwave ovens and air conditioners are gradually becoming popular in China families. Scientific research has found that electromagnetic pollution produced by electrical appliances is harmful to people's health.

Therefore, experts call for strengthening the publicity and protection of electromagnetic pollution. 15% of children are carcinogenic, and experts say it is caused by electromagnetic radiation. At present, telecom stores of all sizes can easily find electromagnetic radiation protection products for mobile phones.

According to statistics, there are more than 30 kinds of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation protection products on the market. Then, is there any harm to electromagnetic radiation pollution caused by invisible electromagnetic waves around us? Besides mobile phones, what else can cause electromagnetic radiation pollution? How harmful are they? How to effectively protect? Professor Li Tianlin, director of the Research Office of the Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, and member of the International Occupational Health Committee, pointed out that the electromagnetic radiation sources closely related to our daily work and life are "mobile phones", walkie-talkies, mobile phones, computers and game machines, electric blankets, microwave ovens, induction cookers, color televisions, EHV transmission networks and substations, and large and medium-sized emitters located in residential areas.

Because the distance is very close, for example, the antenna of the mobile phone is close to the head of a person, and the distance is only 2 cm, so in the process of work, strong radiation will be formed, which will pose a threat to human health. Dr. Carpenter of new york University thinks that 10- 15% of all childhood cancer diseases are caused by 100V household power supplies and appliances.

At the same time, the US Environmental Protection Agency also expressed concern about this and warned people to avoid contact with electromagnetic waves as much as possible. 199 1 The Advisory Committee issued a statement saying that "according to some epidemiological investigations, it can be considered that the exposure to magnetic fields has a certain relationship with specific cancers".

Home appliances are "enemies". Mobile phones, microwave ovens, televisions and other diseases caused by mobile phones, the radiation exceeds the standard 15 times. The electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones in the domestic market seriously exceeds the national electromagnetic radiation protection standard, reaching more than 15 times. Although the average output power of mobile phone is only 0.

2 watts, but because it is close to the human head, half of the electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by the user's head. When making a call, there is strong electromagnetic radiation near the antenna, and radio frequency waves "surround" people's heads.

Excessive electromagnetic radiation can cause neurasthenia, loss of appetite, palpitation, chest tightness, dizziness and even brain tumors. Microwave ovens reduce fertility. Microwave has a strong thermal effect. Microwave ovens make use of this characteristic of microwaves. It vibrates and heats water molecules in food in a short time to achieve the purpose of heating cooking.

The research results of Yonsei University show that the magnetic field intensity at the distance of microwave oven 15 cm is as low as 100MG and as high as 300MG. Now we know that the microwave oven has the strongest magnetic field among all household appliances.

Electromagnetic waves generated by microwave ovens can induce cataracts and cause brain abnormalities. According to research, microwave will reduce reproductive capacity.

The electromagnetic wave generated by TV is similar to that generated by terminal display. Long-term exposure to the electromagnetic wave of terminal display or TV set will cause eye pain, fatigue and other symptoms, leading to miscarriage, stillbirth and birth of deformed fetus.

Cordless phones don't need to be turned off. Cordless phones are ten times stronger than ordinary phones in use, so we should also pay attention to low-field electromagnetic radiation. When using, the head should be separated from the antenna, and the mobile phone should be turned off when not in use to prevent problems before they happen. Compared with incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp has higher energy conversion efficiency, and its lighting effect is 4-5 times that of incandescent lamp under the same energy consumption.

Different fluorescent lamps produce different magnetic fields. The biggest harm to the body is the desk lamp near the user's head.

In addition, fluorescent lamps not only generate electromagnetic waves, but also emit ultraviolet rays, which can lead to skin cancer and cataracts. In addition, we use many electrical appliances, such as air conditioners, hair dryers, ovens, vacuum cleaners, frying machines, coffee pots, electronic watches, lighting appliances and so on. The magnetic field strength produced by these products is directly proportional to their power.

Among them, the strongest magnetic field is the blower, which is hundreds of times stronger than the incandescent lamp, but the use time is short and will not cause great harm. But beauticians and hairdressers who use hair dryers for a long time may do great harm.

Electromagnetic waves pass through the abdomen and harm the fetus. The fetus is irradiated or dead or deformed. 1980 four pregnant women who were engaged in computer or TV VDT operation suffered from teratoma. Eight pregnant women working in VDT in Ottawa General Hospital have seven teratomas.

19 pregnant women who work in VDT in Toronto General Hospital have 10 teratoma. A survey of medical X-ray workers engaged in radiation work in 25 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions found that there was no significant difference in fertility rate and infertility rate, but the spontaneous abortion rate, multiple births rate and neonatal mortality rate were significantly higher than those in the control group.

The incidence of 20 kinds of congenital malformation and hereditary diseases was 9 cases in the occupational radiation group and 9 cases in the control group. 10 per thousand and 4.

2 ‰. 1995 It was reported in China that Hubei province 16 VDT workers were investigated. Their working years are 2-5 years, and the menstrual disorder in the contact group is significantly higher than that in the control group. During the contact period, 8 people were pregnant 10 times, and 4 people were abnormal pregnant 6 times, which was significantly different from the control group.

The recent reports of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and the International Commission on Radiation Protection have outlined the characteristics of the effects of radiation exposure in the fetus, pointing out that embryos and fetal tissues are particularly vulnerable to radiation damage. This kind of damage can take many forms, such as necrosis, apoptosis or cell membrane damage, but the cells will not die.

Fetuses and larvae exposed to low-dose radiation will not cause visible deformities, but will lead to growth and development defects. However, high dose radiation can lead to postnatal death and larval death.

Some people think that if high-dose intrauterine irradiation takes stillbirth as the end point, the radiation sensitivity is the highest before the sixth week of pregnancy, and if low-dose irradiation causes brain dysfunction of the fetus, the risk of ionizing radiation causing mental retardation of children in the eighth-sixty-fifth-fourth-thirty-eighth+fifth week of pregnancy is the greatest. Some experts believe that the risk of early pregnancy is much greater than that of the second and third trimesters.

Wear mobile phone protective cap and take protective measures to reduce radiation pollution. The intensity, frequency, contact time and waveform of electromagnetic waves are very complicated, so it is difficult to solve the pollution problem at present. But people can't deny that electromagnetic waves have an impact on human body.

So consciously avoid contact with electricity.