How to implement yak supplementary feeding technology?

Supplementary feeding technology is one of the effective ways to improve yak breeding efficiency and economic benefits. Due to the particularity of the natural ecological environment in alpine pastoral areas, the grass drying period is long and the forage seasonality is unbalanced, resulting in poor economic benefits of yak production. In the warm season, yaks should be supplemented with urea, salt or licked bricks in grazing lands or enclosures.

(1) Seasonal animal husbandry and supplementary feeding technology

The hay season in yak-producing areas lasts for 7 to 8 months each year, and the seasonal imbalance of forage supply threatens the safe wintering of yaks. key link. In order to ensure that the yaks can survive the winter safely, we went to pastoral areas to vigorously promote grass storage and food preparation. Each core group of yaks stores 40 kilograms of grass and 20 kilograms of food per head. The herdsmen were guided to provide reasonable supplementary feeding to the mother animals and young animals during the dry grass period, and artificial breeding was actively promoted. Grass. By expanding the artificial grass planting area in summer and autumn, improving grass processing and storage capabilities, and rationally supplementing feeding in winter and spring, we can improve the stress resistance of yaks, prevent fat loss, and reduce death losses. Liang Yulin et al. (2010) studied the effects of different feeding levels on the cultivation of Tianzhu White Yak calves. The results showed that early weaning after entering the withering stage and providing scientific and reasonable supplementary feeding with refined and roughage are the key to solving the problem of Tianzhu White Yak calf cultivation. The growth and development of calves is stunted in the cold season, which is one of the effective ways to reduce fatigue and death.

(2) Supplementary feeding technology for emaciated mothers and calves before and after delivery

According to the gender, age and physiological stage of the yak, formulate corresponding supplementary feed formulas and scientifically Use feeds with different ingredients. In addition to separate grazing management of female yaks in fixed special fenced pastures before and after giving birth, supplementary feeding technology is implemented to provide 2 to 3 kg of grass per head and 0.2 to 0.3 kg of compound feed per head to strengthen the physique of thin female yaks and shorten calving. Interval; feed some calves 0.1 to 0.2 kg/head of compound feed every day to increase the calf's reproduction rate, reduce mortality, increase the slaughter rate, and significantly increase the carcass weight of fattening calves.

(3) Grazing plus supplementary feeding fattening technology

The key point of this technology is to divide the yaks for slaughter into groups every year, graze them during the day, and supplement them with a small amount of concentrate feed and forage in the morning and evening. And determine the appropriate time for slaughter based on market, pasture, climate and other conditions. This combination of grazing and supplementary feeding has good benefits, free slaughter, and flexible management. The biggest feature is that it not only staggers the peak period when yaks are concentrated for slaughter, alleviates the contradiction between supply and demand, but also makes full use of the increase in beef prices in winter. opportunity to achieve the purpose of increasing income.

(4) Complementary feeding and fattening technology in sheds

This technology is to collect old cattle, steers, and 2 to 3-year-old young cattle in pastoral areas and transport them to farmers. District, the rich concentrated feed and by-products in agricultural areas are used for centralized fattening. After 3 to 4 months of fattening, the cattle can be put into the market and gain 20 to 30 kilograms of meat. Each cow can increase its income by about 300 yuan. This fattening method has fast turnover, high efficiency, good meat quality, and can adjust the slaughter time at any time, resulting in good market sales. More importantly, it reduces the pressure on winter and spring pastures in pastoral areas and avoids fat loss and death of yaks in winter and spring. Its disadvantages are large investment and high cost. Bian Shouyi et al. (1995) transferred yaks from high-altitude areas (3000 to 4000 meters) to farming and pastoral areas at lower altitudes (2000 meters). The feed was mainly wheat straw and ammoniated wheat straw, supplemented by mixed concentrates. , short-term confinement fattening was carried out, and the research results showed that the weight gain effect of yaks was obvious, and it could prevent yaks from becoming weak and losing fat in the cold season. Its significance is that it not only reduces the livestock capacity of pastures in alpine pastoral areas, but also makes full use of forage in agricultural and pastoral areas and improves the yak slaughter rate.