Introduce Linfen to me.

Linfen is located in the southwest of Shanxi Province, in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The easternmost section is east of the west slope of Maliang Township in Anze County, the westernmost section is near Zuitou in Nanzhuang Township, Yonghe County, the southernmost section is at the foot of Wang Ping, the main peak of Zhongtiao Mountain south of Guanjiayao in Dahe Township, Yicheng County, and the northernmost section is near Baijiaya in Potou Township, Yonghe County. The maximum longitudinal distance from north to south exceeds170km, and the maximum lateral distance from east to west is about 200km. The total area of the city is 20,275 square kilometers, accounting for 13% of the whole province. Linfen is "Qin Shu is in Nantong, with secluded land in the north, Lei Huo in the east and Hefen in the west". The whole area is roughly irregular trapezoid, with Changzhi Jincheng in the east, Shaanxi across the surging Yellow River in the west, Jinzhong and Lvliang in the north and Yuncheng in the south. Because of its important geographical position, it has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times.

Located in the semi-arid and semi-humid monsoon climate zone, it belongs to the temperate continental climate, with four distinct seasons and simultaneous rain and heat. However, due to the influence of topography, the climate in mountainous Pingchuan is quite different, and the climate characteristics are quite different.

Linfen is rich in resources, especially mineral resources, and is known as "fertile soil" and "hometown of wheat and cotton". It is one of the energy and heavy chemical industry bases and wheat and cotton production bases in Shanxi Province.

Land resources The total land area of the city is 20,275 square kilometers. Due to the influence of hydrothermal conditions, the soil in Linfen city is fully developed, forming a deep clay layer with rich nutrition. The zonal soil widely distributed in cities is cinnamon soil, in addition to grassland meadow soil, brown soil, meadow soil, swamp soil and other types. Meadow soil is mainly distributed in river valleys, especially on the banks of Fenhe River from Linfen to Huozhou, which is soft and fertile. Grassland meadow soil is distributed in individual peaks of Huoshan Mountain, Zhongtiao Mountain and Luliang Mountain with higher terrain. Wet soil, high temperature and rich organic matter are important resources for opening up natural pastures and developing animal husbandry. Linfen city is rich in land resources, with concentrated distribution of stable and high-yield fertile fields. Because of the "two rivers, three mountains and five ridges", the land types are diverse, and the area suitable for forest and grass is large. However, the forest coverage rate is low and soil erosion is serious. According to the land use situation, by the end of 1998, the city had used 1523.3 thousand hectares of land, accounting for 75. 1% of the total land area, including 523.7 thousand hectares of cultivated land, accounting for 25.8% of the total area, and 585.2 thousand hectares of suitable forest land, accounting for 28.9%. Linfen city is also rich in reserve land resources. A large number of saline-alkali wasteland, sandy wasteland and marshland can be improved and reclaimed for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, but it needs a lot of investment in drainage, river regulation and bank protection projects. The utilization rate of land development in the city is 75. 1%, the land reclamation rate is 26.2%, the multiple cropping index of cultivated land is 126%, the agricultural land rate is 68%, the construction land rate is 5.6%, and the population density is 185 people /km2.

Mineral resources Linfen city is rich in minerals, which are not only abundant and widely distributed, but also have a long mining history. At present, there are 4/kloc-0 kinds of proven minerals, mainly including coal, oil shale, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum, gold, cobalt, rare elements, gypsum, limestone, dolomite, refractory clay, pyrite, bentonite, marble, granite, barite, feldspar, quartz, phosphorus and sillimanite. Among them, coal, iron, gypsum, limestone, dolomite, bentonite, granite, marble, oil shale and refractory clay occupy an important position in the whole province and the whole country. The comprehensive dominance of mineral resources in Linfen City is 0.73, ranking second in all cities in the province, and the potential value of mineral resources is193.505 million yuan, ranking first in the province.

Coal resources are the dominant mineral resources in Linfen and occupy an important position in the whole province, including Hedong, Huoxi and Qinshui coalfields. The coal-bearing area of the city is 15400 square kilometers, accounting for 56% of the total area of the city, and distributed in 12 counties and cities. The total reserves are 62.9 billion tons and the proven reserves are 39.8 billion tons. The coal resources in Linfen City have the following characteristics: (1) There are complete kinds of coal and many associated minerals. There are six kinds of coal in the city, such as lean coal, anthracite, coking coal, fat coal and gas coal, among which coking coal, gas coal, fat coal and lean coal are all coking coal, and the main associated minerals are oil shale, bauxite, refractory clay and manganese iron ore. There is also a lot of weathered coal. ⑵ Good coal quality, moderate ash and sulfur content, high metamorphic degree, high calorific value, moderate coal washability and good coking performance. Xiangning main coking coal is one of the three major coking coal bases in China. (3) Excellent development conditions. The geological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the three major coalfields in Linfen City are relatively simple, with many coal seams, single-layer thickness, stable coal seams, small dip angle, shallow burial, convenient transportation and good development conditions, except for the complicated geological structure at the west foot of Huozhou coalfield.

Iron ore is the second largest mineral resource in Linfen, with a total reserve of 420 million tons, including magnetite reserves of 65.438+0.8 billion tons, limonite and hematite reserves of about 240 million tons. Linfen is rich in iron ore resources, accounting for more than 70% of the province's rich mines, and most of them have good mining conditions.

There are many kinds of nonferrous metal mineral resources in Linfen, including 7 kinds of copper, lead, aluminum, cobalt, gold and silver, but most of them have small reserves. Copper mines are mainly distributed in Xiangfen, Yicheng, Quwo and other counties in the Taershan-Erfengshan area, with a reserve of 27,000 tons. Although the reserve is not large, it has high grade, high content of associated beneficial components and great mining value. Lead-zinc deposits are distributed in parts of Hongtong, Yicheng, Puxian and Guxian, and gold deposits are distributed in Taershan-Erfengshan area, with proven reserves of 5325kg and estimated reserves of 654.38+0.0000 kg, all of which are rock gold deposits. Bauxite is distributed in Shilin and Fenxidian of Huozhou, and its geological work level is relatively low. The rare element minerals in Linfen mainly include lithium, rubidium, rare earth, niobium and tantalum, among which the lithium rubidium mine in Shiguniangshan, Yicheng is unique in the province.

Linfen city is rich in nonmetallic mineral resources with good geological conditions. Among the 24 non-metallic minerals discovered, gypsum, electric limestone and dolomite have important advantages in the whole province or the whole country, especially gypsum mine, which has large paste thickness, high grade, wide distribution and good mining conditions. The rest, such as marl, bentonite, granite, refractory clay and medical stone, are expected to become the dominant minerals in China.

Plant resources The plant resources in Linfen City are one of the richest areas in the province. In addition to crops, 606 seed plants were investigated. In terms of plant distribution, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus armandii are the main species in the hilly areas of southeast China. Crops include wheat, corn and millet. Economic forests include apples, walnuts, persimmons, chestnuts and hawthorn. Native products mainly include auricularia auricula and Hericium erinaceus, and precious Chinese herbal medicines include Acorus calamus, Panax japonicus and Ganoderma lucidum. The eastern mountainous area is dominated by secondary shrub vegetation such as Hippophae rhamnoides and Vitex negundo. Economic forests include walnuts, hawthorn, dates, mulberry, apples and pears. The local products are Hericium erinaceus, bergamot and tobacco, and the crops are mainly corn and millet. This area is rich in medicinal materials, among which sweet potato meat and Fritillaria are famous. Taiyue Mountain area is mainly composed of Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus liaotungensis forest and secondary shrub vegetation, and it is the main forestry base in Shanxi Province. The main fruits are pears and persimmons. There are many kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, among which Codonopsis pilosula, Fritillaria, Cornus officinalis and Pogostemon cablin are the most famous. Linfen basin mainly grows crops such as winter wheat and cotton, and is rich in native products. It is famous for Quwo Tobacco, Linfen Medicinal Jujube and Hong Tong Lotus. Luliang Mountain is dominated by Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus bungeana, Quercus liaotungensis forest and secondary shrubs, and its native products include rosin, raw lacquer, Hericium erinaceus and auricularia auricula. And licorice, acanthopanax senticosus, atractylodes rhizome, codonopsis pilosula, nucleolus and other Chinese herbal medicines. Shrubbery and grassland are the main vegetation in the hilly area of western Loess Plateau. Native products are Jinxian koi fish and Yonghe Jujube. Crops are mainly winter wheat, corn and potatoes, and cash crops are cotton and soybeans.

Linfen is poor in forest resources. The total area of existing natural secondary forests and artificial forests is 244.7 thousand hectares, and the per capita forest land is 0.07 hectares, which is about 1/2 of the national per capita forest. The per capita timber volume is 1.7 cubic meters, accounting for only 1/6 of the national per capita timber volume. The forest in Linfen City is not only small in area and volume, but also uneven in distribution, uncoordinated in age composition and poor in forest quality. The area of natural grassland in Linfen accounts for 24.9% of the total area of the city. The main grass species identified are Lespedeza, Astragalus, Oxytropis, cultivated rice, Vicia faba, Xanthium, Cryptocarpus, Poa pratensis and bothriochloa ischaemum, Carex gramineae and wormwood.

Wild Animal Resources Linfen is rich in wild animals, with more than 300 species of terrestrial vertebrates, accounting for 74% of the total species in the province. Among the animal species in this area, there are three kinds of national first-class protected animals: white stork, black stork and brown eared pheasant, among which brown eared pheasant is a world-famous rare animal, and also a national treasure and unique rare bird in China. The second kind of protected animals are leopard, musk deer, swan and mandarin duck. Three kinds of protected animals are Qingyang, bustard, golden eagle, jade belt sea eagle and so on. Because Linfen is located in the south of Palaearctic realm, with the deepening of the warm and humid air mass in the Pacific Ocean in summer, the animals of Oriental realm have also infiltrated into this area, which makes the flora of Palaearctic realm and Oriental realm in Linfen city very complicated. Mammals mainly include wolves, foxes, rabbits, civets, pigs and badgers. Birds mainly include sparrows, domestic swallows, magpies, crested cuckoos, turtledoves, crows with big mouths, crested larks, pheasants, brown-eared pheasants, vultures and rock pigeons. Amphibians and reptiles include frogs with black spots (frogs and frogs), toads with backs, toeless geckos and so on.

Water resources The city's total water resources are 65.438+0.89 billion cubic meters, of which river runoff is 65.438+0.48 billion cubic meters (including spring water 36.5438+0.40 billion cubic meters) and groundwater resources are 46.5438+0.00 billion cubic meters. The average surface water inflow is 65.438+002 million cubic meters, and the spring water inflow is 250 million cubic meters. The total amount of water resources accounts for 13.9% of the whole province, with a per capita possession of 540 cubic meters, 7 1 cubic meter more than the whole province and 2 1.9% more than the whole country. The average yield per mu is 29 cubic meters less than that of the whole province, which is equivalent to 10.8% of the whole country. Compared with the whole country, it belongs to poor water area.

The development of history

Linfen is one of the earliest birthplaces of the Chinese nation. Archaeological discoveries such as the Dingcun site in Xiangfen prove that the earliest primitive people and villages of the Chinese nation worked, lived and multiplied on the land along the Fenhe River in the Stone Age more than 100,000 years ago. In China ancient literature, there are many legends about primitive communes. The Emperor's Century said: "Pingyang is the capital of Du Yao", which is now Linfen. The legend of Yao Wang's visit to Xian Jean Shun happened here.

In Shang Dynasty, Linfen was the land of Jizhou on the map of Shang Dynasty, and the bronzes unearthed in Hong Tong and Quwo all had obvious cultural characteristics of Yin and Shang Dynasties. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Chengwang made his younger brother Yu Shu in the Tang Dynasty, the legendary "tung leaf seal brother", which is now Yicheng. Uncle Yu's son renamed Tang the State of Jin because there was water in the State of Jin. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Linfen was a vassal state of the State of Jin. When Jin Wengong and Zhong Er were in power, the center of the State of Jin was in Quwo and Houma today. At that time, because of the famous auxiliary policies, such as the decline of Zhao and the depression of Arc (both of them were Pingyang people), the State of Jin developed agriculture and handicraft production, which made the State of Jin "rich in politics and poor in use" and gradually became stronger. After Jin Wengong ruled the north, Linfen had a certain influence on the situation in Shanxi and even the whole country.

After Qin Shihuang unified China, he established centralization, which divided the country into 36 counties, and then increased to 48 counties. At that time, there were five counties in Shanxi, and Linfen belonged to Hedong County. After the Qin Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty, the whole country was designated as 103 County, Linfen (now Xiangfen), Pingyang, Xiangling, Bi (now Huozhou), Yang (now Hongdong), Beiqu (now Jixian), Puzi (now Xixian), Jiang (now Quwo) and Arc Tweezers (now Quwo).

After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the 400-year-long separatist regime in the history of China ended, and a unified situation emerged. The Sui Dynasty simplified the administrative divisions, and changed the state, county and county levels into state and county levels. Linfen, Yicheng, Hongdong, Fenxi, Yonghe and Puxian were named after the Sui Dynasty and are still in use today.

During the Tang Dynasty, Linfen belonged to Hedong Road. As the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to Shanxi, as Taizong Li Shimin said, "The business of Taiyuan is the foundation of the country. Hedong is rich and well funded. " At that time, Linfen's agriculture and handicraft industry were unprecedentedly prosperous. Jinzhou (now the eastern half of Linfen) often helps the capital Chang 'an through grain transportation. "Between Weihe River and Weihe River, the boat series will be held in Weinan". Handicrafts in Linfen, such as white honey, wax bamboo and dragon beard mat, are all listed as tributes. Alum smelting in Pingyang, mining and ironmaking in Yueyang (now Guxian), Yicheng, Changning (now Xiangning) and Fenxi are all famous. In the brick tower of Dayun Temple (now a regional exhibition hall) in Linfen City, there are iron Buddha heads cast in Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty, the stone carvings of Emperor Taizong in Guangsheng Temple in Hong Tong, and the inscriptions of Lingguang Temple in Wang Bo, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty in Quwoyan Village, all of which are rare art treasures.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, in just half a century, North China and the Central Plains experienced five dynasties, known as the "Five Dynasties" in history. As a result of the war, Linfen suffered many casualties and refugees, the registered permanent residence decreased sharply and the economy declined. In 960, Zhao Kuangyin replaced the Zhou Dynasty and established the Song Dynasty. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Linfen's economy recovered. Jinzhou (later renamed Pingyang House) was one of the "twelve rulers" who set up iron officials in Song Dynasty. It made a lot of money to help Guanzhong's military expenditure and became an important commercial city in the north at that time. The level of calligraphy, carving and casting technology in this area can be seen from the stele carved by Emperor Taizong in the first year of Chunhua, the ten-square courtyard clock in Yicheng County cast by Hui Zongzheng in three years, and the clock in Neishe Lane in Quwo County cast by Xuanhe in four years.

After Zhao and Song Dynasties were partial to the south of the Yangtze River, China confronted the rulers from north to south. Shanxi is completely ruled by the Jurchen nationality. Linfen at that time belonged to Hedong South Road and consisted of Pingyangfu 10 County, Jizhou 4 County, Jizhou 2 County and Jiangzhou 3 County. Pingyang's papermaking and printing industries are very developed. Pingyang hemp paper is famous all over the country and is one of the four major book engraving centers in the Jin Dynasty. In Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Pingyang Book was called "Pingshui Edition". The famous Zhao Cheng Tripitaka was engraved by private fund-raising. The Four Beauty Pictures and Guan Yu Statue carved by Pingyang Ji Seal Carving Workshop are exquisite in painting and vivid in image, creating a precedent for figure prints and a major turning point in China prints. The ruler also set up a brocade field in Pingyang (five places in the country), sent officials to manage public and private hand-woven workshops and purchase cloth and silk. Pingyang Paper Cloth, Jizhou melanterite, Longmen Pepper, Radix Ginseng, Radix Glycyrrhizae and Rhizoma Atractylodis are all quite famous.

Linfen was the propaganda department of Jinning Road and Hedong Shanxi Road in Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty drama murals in Mingying Hall of Guangsheng Temple in Hong Tong were built during this period. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Pingyang House was re-established to command 35 counties, which is equivalent to Linfen and Yuncheng today. During the Hongwu and Yongle periods of the Ming Dynasty, in order to restore the economy of the Central Plains and carry out the policy of "opening up wasteland and guarding the border" on a large scale, the government set up a bureau in Guangji Temple in Hongdong, and selected "the home with more fields and less fields, and divided it into Peiping (now Beijing)" from Pingyang, Taiyuan and Fenzhou. It is said that every time immigrants move, they gather under the big locust tree in Hongdong. Before they left, they frequently folded locust trees as memories and loved their homeland, so there was a saying among the people in various provinces, "If you ask where the ancestors came from? The historical story of "the big pagoda tree in Hongdong, Shanxi" During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Linfen's commerce and handicrafts were very active. " Strangely, Guo Fu and Guo Feng Erzhi in Pingyang Prefecture (both in Jizhou) each lost 22. 1 10,000 Jin of iron. ""Pingyang, Ze, the world is rich, but if it is not rich, it will be hundreds of thousands. "/kloc-In the 5th century, there were 33 large industrial and commercial cities in China, and Pingyang was one of them.

After the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty, the administrative divisions were reformed and reorganized in 19 12, and the orthodoxy was increased in 19 14. Linfen, Hong Tong, Zhao Cheng, Xiangling, Fencheng, Quwo, Anze, Fushan, Yicheng, Xiangning, Jixian, Huoxian, Fenxi, Xixian, Puxian, Daning, Yonghe and other counties are under the jurisdiction of Hedong Road, and abandoned roads are under the direct control of the province. In the long years, Linfen people are indomitable, hardworking and brave, and have experienced different historical stages of prosperity, decline and development. Finally, under the leadership of the * * * Production Party of China, the three mountains of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism were overthrown, and a new historical era of people being masters of their own affairs was created. 1946 counties were liberated in succession. On May 1948, Linfen won a total victory and the whole territory was liberated. 1February, 949, Jinnan District was established, and it was under the leadership of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government. In September of the same year, 1 was changed to Shanxi Province. 1Linfen area was established in June, 1950, and1May, 1950, shilou county was transferred to Linfen city. 1954 Tongyun City was merged into Jinnan District (Linfen). In the same year, Hongtong County and Zhaocheng County merged into Zhao Hong County. Houma city was founded on 1956. 1957, houma city evacuated to Quwo county. 1958, Quwo County was abolished and houma city was established. 1959, Zhao Hong County was changed to Hongtong County. 1962, houma city evacuated to Quwo county. 1970 changed the area, and Jinnan area was divided into Linfen and Yuncheng according to the original organizational system. At the same time, houma city was restored, Linfen City was established, and some areas were set aside in Anze County and Fushan County, and Guxian County was established. 197 1 year, shilou county was assigned to Luliang area. 1978 Linfen was renamed Linfen administrative office. 1983, Linfen county was abolished and its jurisdiction was merged into Linfen city. 1989, Huoxian was abolished and huozhou city (county-level city) was established. /kloc-at the end of 0/998, there were two cities in the whole region: Linfen, houma city, huozhou city, Quwo, Yicheng, Xiangfen, Hong Tong, Guxian, Anze, Fushan, Jixian, Xiangning, Puxian, Daning, Yonghe, Xixian and Fenxi.

On June 23rd, 2000, with the approval of the State Council, (1) Linfen District and County-level Linfen City were abolished and the prefecture-level Linfen City was established. The Municipal People's Government is located in the newly established Yaodu District. (2) The Yaodu District is established in Linfen City, and the administrative area of Linfen City at the county level is the administrative area of Yaodu District. The District People's Government is located in Gulou East Street. (3) Linfen City governs Fenxi County, Jixian County, Anze County, Daning County, Fushan County, Guxian County, Xixian County, Xiangfen County, Yicheng County, Yonghe County, Xiangning County, Quwo County, Hongtong County, Puxian County and the newly established Yaodu District. Houma city and huozhou city in Linfen City were directly under the jurisdiction of Shanxi Province.