Primary school English phonetic symbols are being summarized

Learn the new version of the International Phonetic Symbols

English*** has 48 phonetic symbols, including 20 vowels (12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs), and the consonants include voiceless consonants and There are 26 voiced consonants (one tongue, two half, three nasal, six blast, six break, ten friction).

1. Vowels

Among the vowels in English, the vowel has 12 single vowels and 8 single vowels. The diphthong is composed of two vowel sounds. When pronouncing the composed phonemes, pay attention to the characteristics of "light at the front and heavy at the back, long at the front and short at the back".

(1) Single vowels (12)

1. /i:/ Example: me he she see tea key east

Pronunciation key: Tongue Touch the lower teeth, flatten the lips, make a smile, and make a long sound of "一".

2. / I / Example: it big ship study listen

Pronunciation key points: tongue against lower teeth, lips flat and apart, gums close to full fusion, short utterances The sound of "一".

3. /e/ Example: bed get end let head many friend lesson

Key points of pronunciation: the tongue is close to the hard palate, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, the gums are half open and half closed, Make a smile.

4. / ? / Example: map cap cat bad and apple

Pronunciation key points: flat lips, slightly raised tongue, tip of tongue against lower gums, gums fully open , the soft palate rises and the lips open naturally.

5. /ɑ:/ Example: car fast dark star card hard farm garden

Pronunciation: the lips are open but not round, the gums are wide open, the back of the tongue is slightly raised, The tip of the tongue retracts backward and slightly away from the lower teeth, making a long sound of "ah".

6. / ? / Example: cup mother touch

Pronunciation key points: the lips are open rather than rounded, the gums are wide open, the back of the tongue is slightly raised, and the tip of the tongue is retracted. Slightly separate the lower teeth and make a short "ah" sound.

7. /?:/ Example: her bird dirt early worker purse

Pronunciation key: raise the tongue, lips in a natural state, mouth half open and half closed, pronounce " The long sound of "Er".

8. /? / Example: ago panda teacher doctor around famous

Key points for pronunciation: raised tongue, lips in a natural state, mouth half open and half closed, gums open Open, with a short sound of "e".

9. /u: / Example: zoo who ruler food fruit cool shoot

Pronunciation key points: the lips are rounded, the gums are close to half-close, and the tip of the tongue does not touch the bottom. Teeth, naturally without force, produce the long sound of "house".

10. /u / Example: foot good cook book took full should

Pronunciation key: the lips are rounded, the gums are nearly semi-closed, and the tip of the tongue does not touch the lower teeth. , making a short "house" sound naturally without exerting force.

11. /?:/ Example: horse water short door talk saw autumn

Pronunciation key: the lips are between the open and closed lips and the rounded lips, the gums are half open to Fully open, roll the tip of the tongue up and then roll it over to the back.

12. / ? / Example: dog what ball call hall talk bought

Pronunciation key: the lips protrude slightly outward into a circle, the back of the tongue rises, and the tip of the tongue touches The lower teeth make the sound "AO".

(2) Diphthongs (8)

1. / ei / Example: age day they great eight date wait race

The pronunciation must be decided :: The tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, the gums are half open and half closed, the lips are flat, and the sound of "sorrow" is smoothly transitioned to the long sound of "一".

2. / ai / Example: hi my bye fly high buy rice like light

Pronunciation key: open the mouth slightly round, the back of the tongue rises slightly, and the tip of the tongue shrinks back, There is a smooth transition from the "a" sound to the "yi" sound.

3. / ?i / Example: boy toy oil join soil noise

Pronunciation key: the lips protrude outward into a circle, and the sound "AO" is pronounced. Gradually, the lips become flat and separated, producing a short sound of "一".

4. / ?u / Example: no own note bowl boat know shoulder

Pronunciation key: the mouth is half open and half closed, the back of the tongue is slightly raised, and the lips are rounded in transition Shape, pronounced as "Ou".

5. / au / Example: out now town sound house brown

Pronunciation key: Open your mouth slightly round, gradually close it, make your lips round, and pronounce "ah" The sound of "" smoothly transitions to the sound of "house".

6. / i? / Example: ear deer fear here idea near

Pronunciation key: the lips are open, the gums are narrow to half-open, the tongue is touching the lower teeth and gradually becomes excessive. It is the upper volume, transitioning from the "一" sound to the "E" sound.

7. /ε? / Example: air hair bear dare there their carefully

Pronunciation key: the lips are slightly rounded after being opened, the gums are opened quite wide, and the tip of the tongue is curled Gradually go up to the back of the roll.

8. / u? / Example: sure poor tour february

Pronunciation key: the lips are rounded, the gums are nearly semi-closed, the tip of the tongue does not touch the lower teeth, and the pronunciation is The long sound of "house", and then transition from "house" to the sound of "er".

2. Consonants (28)

There are 28 consonant phonemes in the International Phonetic Alphabet. There are voiceless consonants and voiced consonants in the consonants. The vocal cords vibrate when the voiced consonants are pronounced. , while the vocal cords do not vibrate during pronunciation of voiceless consonants.

(1) Friction (10)

Friction is when the airflow is initially partially obstructed during pronunciation, and then the airflow escapes from the gap to make a sound.

1. /f/ Example: fat fast face fine life fire phone father

/v/ Example: of love view vine very violin leave

Pronunciation key points: the lower teeth lightly touch the upper teeth, and the airflow flows out from the gap between the lips and teeth to form a sound. /f/ is a voiceless consonant, and /v/ is a voiced consonant.

2, /θ/ Example: both cloth three thing mouth hanks birthday

/e/ Example: that than these bathe mother

The pronunciation depends on : The tip of the tongue touches the back of the upper teeth lightly, and the air flows out from the gap between the lips and teeth to form a friction sound. /θ/ is a voiceless consonant, and /e/ is a voiced consonant.

3, /s/ Example: sun ice sea sell same face snake mouse

/z/ Example: zoo eyes nose knees prize music

Pronunciation Key points: Lift the tongue and bring it close to the upper gums. The air flows out from between the tip of the tongue and the gums to form a sound. /s/ is a voiceless consonant and /z/ is a voiced consonant.

4. / ? / Example: she sure wash ship sheep share shake shop fish

/ ? / Example: pleasure usually

Pronunciation key: The tip and end of the tongue are lifted up and behind the gums, and the body of the tongue opens into a narrow channel close to the hard palate. The airflow leaks out of the mouth and creates sound due to friction. The lips project forward and are slightly rounded. / ? / is a voiceless consonant, and / ? / is a voiced consonant.

5. / h / Example: he hen hat hill high hair horse

Pronunciation key: the airflow is not hindered when the mouth is open and flows freely out of the mouth when passing through the glottis. Produces slight friction, /h/ is a voiceless consonant.

6. / r / Example: run red rain free race write read

Pronunciation key points: The tip of the tongue is rolled up and behind the gums, and the front of the tongue is sunk, making it slightly concave. The lips protrude slightly forward, the air flows out of the mouth, the vocal cords vibrate, and /r/ is a voiced consonant.

(2) plosives (6)

During pronunciation, the airflow is completely obstructed at first, and then the airflow breaks away powerfully and quickly to produce a sound.

1, /p/ Example: pen pig park pool peach happy speak

/b/ Example: big bye bad bus job bird bark bike

Pronunciation key points: the lips are closed tightly, and then suddenly open, and the air flows out of the mouth. /p/ is a voiceless consonant and /b/ is a voiced consonant.

2, / t / Example: to tea tear seat boat town bottle

/ d / Example: do dog date down duck glad made window

Pronunciation key points: the tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper gums, forming an obstruction, and then the tip of the tongue suddenly leaves the airflow and escapes the mouth. /t/ is a voiceless consonant and /d/ is a voiced consonant.

3, /k/ Example: cap key cow car card come kite back cold

/g/ Example: go bag egg pig gap girl gold gave

Pronunciation key points: the back of the tongue is raised close to the soft palate, forming an obstruction, and then the back of the tongue suddenly leaves the airflow and escapes the mouth. /k/ is a voiceless consonant and /g/ is a voiced consonant.

(3) Fricative consonants (6)

Fricative consonants are composed of a plosive and a fricative.

1, / t? / Example: watch child China chair cheap lunch

/ d? / Example: Jane jeep gem joke bridge orange

Pronunciation Key points: Lift the space between the tongue and the tip of the tongue. It sticks to the back of the upper gums to form an obstacle, and the lips protrude slightly forward. After the airflow breaks through this obstacle, it rubs through the narrow gap between the tongue and the gums to form a sound. /t?/ is a voiceless consonant. /d?/ is a voiced consonant.

2, / ts/ Example: pats cats shirts skates students

/dz/ Example: seeds cards hands roads

Pronunciation key: tip of tongue against The upper gums form an obstruction, and the tip of the tongue descends slightly and the air flows out of the mouth. /ts/ is a voiceless consonant. /dz/ is a voiced consonant.

3. /tr/ Example: train tree trip

/dr/ Example: drive drip dress dream

Pronunciation key: touch the tip of the tongue to the upper gums When an obstruction is formed at the back, the tongue should be in the position of producing /r/. The airflow breaks through the obstruction and produces a short [t] or [d] and then produces /r/ immediately. /tr/ is a voiceless consonant and /[dr/ is a voiced consonant.

(4) Nasal consonants (3)

When pronouncing three nasal consonants, the airflow is blocked in different positions and to varying degrees, and finally escapes through the nasal cavity, among which the most difficult The sound is / ? /. Secondly, please note that /m/ should be shut up at the end of the word. In addition, /n/ cannot be confused with /l/.

1, /m/ Example: me home came some mouth game many

Pronunciation key: the lips are closed, the soft owl droops and the air flows out from the nasal cavity, /m/ is Voiced consonants.

2, / n / Example: son run thin neck noon knife number

Pronunciation key: the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower gums to form an obstruction, and the soft owl droops and the air flows out of the nasal cavity, /n/ is a voiced consonant.

3. / ? / Example: Sing king song thing strong bring

Pronunciation key: lift the back of the tongue against the soft owl, and let the air flow out of the nasal cavity, / ? / is a voiced consonant.

(5) Semi-vowels (2)

1, / j / Example: yes yard year yellow

Pronunciation key: the front of the tongue Lift it as far as possible toward the hard osprey, keep your lips flat and open your mouth slightly, let the air flow out of the mouth, and there may be slight friction on the vocal cords to vibrate. Once it is pronounced, it immediately slides towards the following vowel and pronounces /j/ together.

2. / w / Example: wheat wheel way wood

Pronunciation key: lift the back of the tongue toward the soft owl, round the lips and protrude forward. The airflow flows from the mouth The vocal cords vibrate, and as soon as they are pronounced, they immediately slide towards the following vowel, and together they are pronounced /w/.

(6) Lateral sounds (1)

There are two pronunciations, clear /l/ and ambiguous /l/. Clear /l/ appears in vowels. Frontally, the ambiguous /l/ appears before a consonant or at the end of a word.

1. Clear / l / Example: letter lesson lion lamp

Pronunciation key: the tip of the tongue is close to the gums, and the front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate. The air flows out of the mouth from both ends of the tongue [l] is a voiced consonant.

2. Vague / l / Example: ball girl tall bottle

Pronunciation key: the tip of the tongue is close to the back of the gums, the front of the tongue sinks, and the airflow flows from both sides of the tongue "End diarrhea" [l] is a voiced consonant.

3. Distinguish between nasal [n] and lateral consonant [l]

Example: /n/ nine now night know [l] line law light lown