When should I fertilize beans? How to fertilize

Beans must be fertilized before planting, during the early growth period, and during the flowering and pod setting period.

Scientific Fertilization Method for Beans

1. Basal Fertilizer

Beans are grown by direct seeding, which eliminates the need for seedling transplanting. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, with a certain amount of chemical fertilizer. During the growth of beans, 75% of the nitrogen fertilizer, almost all of the phosphorus fertilizer and a small amount of potassium fertilizer come from base fertilizer, so the planting of beans requires heavy application of base fertilizer.

When preparing the land, apply 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 30 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, and 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate per mu. The amount of base fertilizer should be proportioned according to the fertility of the soil itself. Excessive fertility will cause long branches and leaves, closed canopy between plants, less flowering and pods, and more diseases and insect pests.

Note: Do not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer. The beans are prone to leggy growth, luxuriant branches and leaves, early sealing, and poor ventilation and light transmittance, causing the flowering part to move upward, the inflorescence to be reduced, and the pod setting time to be delayed, causing the beans to grow. Yield is low.

2. Topdressing

Top dressing should be controlled first and then promoted. In the early growth period, 7 kilograms of urea or 1,000 kilograms of dilute manure per acre can be used to lift seedlings, which is beneficial to the cultivation of strong stems. Seedling. When entering the flowering and pod-bearing stage, the frequency and quantity of top dressing should be increased to promote flowering and increase yield. After pod formation begins, topdressing is required 1 to 2 times, with 5 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per acre. A certain amount of fertilizer must be applied after every two harvests. You can spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and pour decomposed human feces. In the middle and late stages of bean harvesting, 5 to 7 kilograms of urea can be applied per acre to delay plant aging and extend the harvest period, which is beneficial to increasing bean yield.

Note: In order to prevent premature plant aging, after the first yield peak occurs, attention must be paid to fertilizer and water management to promote the germination of side branches and the formation of side flower buds, and to allow the original inflorescences on the main vines to continue to bloom and bear pods. Although the plant has a large demand for nitrogen during the flowering and pod-bearing stage, the rhizobia at the roots of the plant have strong nitrogen-fixing abilities in the later stages, so less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. Watering must be carried out after each topdressing to improve fertilizer efficiency. Do not be too close to the roots when topdressing.

3. Spray foliar fertilizer

Foliar fertilizer has the characteristics of fast absorption, good fertilizer efficiency, low cost and convenient use. Commonly used foliar fertilizers for beans include urea, boric acid, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride, iron sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate, etc.

The concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is controlled at 0.1% to 0.3%, urea 0.2% to 0.4%, copper sulfate 0.02% to 0.04%, and iron sulfate 0.1% to 0.2%. The concentration of foliar fertilizer should not be higher than 0.5%.