Three checks and seven pairs of basic knowledge of nurses

2. Basic knowledge of being a nurse

Basic knowledge of oral nurses 1. What is the general knowledge of oral care?

Teeth play a very important role for everyone. As long as healthy and white teeth not only make us eat delicious food, but also make people laugh better, and more importantly, increase one's confidence.

So how do we care for our oral cavity? Here I will introduce some common sense of oral cavity care to you. Steps/Methods Brush your teeth for at least 2 minutes, at least twice a day, and change your toothbrush every three months.

Oral cancer is one of the most deadly cancers. People often ignore oral lumps or blisters, which may lead to serious problems such as oral cancer.

Therefore, no matter how small those signs are, you should seek medical advice as soon as you find them. Exercise can also cause dental problems.

strenuous exercise may lead to dehydration and weaken the function of saliva in preventing oral diseases. In this way, the risk of tooth decay and bacterial accumulation will increase.

oral cavity indicates general health. The mouth affects other parts of the body.

If there are gum problems, the prevalence of heart disease is four times higher than that of the general population. If the first molar is relatively short and sometimes painful, it means there is something wrong with digestion.

Stop taking painkillers before going to the dentist. Some people often take aspirin and other drugs, but it will make you bleed a lot when pulling teeth.

gingival bleeding is very serious. Gum bleeding is an inflammatory symptom, and it is very likely that you have already had an infection.

eating sugar does not necessarily lead to tooth decay. There is not much problem in eating sweets as long as they are cleaned in time.

Moreover, a balanced diet is the key to a healthy smile. For example, often skipping meals will lead to excessive acidity in the mouth, resulting in tooth decay and gum problems.

the tongue also has a health code. The bright red tip of the tongue indicates that there may be thyroid or heart problems: the yellow-green tongue is liver or gallbladder problems: it is slightly grayish brown and usually has digestive diseases.

2. What's the common sense of oral care

1.

the brushing time should not be less than 2 minutes. Brush your teeth for at least 2 minutes, at least twice a day, and change your toothbrush every three months.

2。 Oral cancer is one of the most deadly cancers.

People often ignore oral lumps or blisters, which may lead to serious problems such as oral cancer. Therefore, no matter how small those signs are, you should seek medical advice as soon as you find them.

3。 Wipe off lipstick or lipstick before seeing a doctor.

Otherwise, it will rub on the doctor's gloves, and even stain the teeth and gums, which will affect the doctor's color discrimination and diagnosis. 4。

exercise can also cause dental problems. Strenuous exercise may lead to dehydration and weaken the function of saliva in preventing oral diseases.

In this way, the risk of tooth decay and bacterial accumulation will increase. And many sports drinks contain unexpected sugars and acids, which may damage your enamel.

5。 Oral cavity indicates general health.

the mouth affects other parts of the body. If there is something wrong with the gums, the prevalence of heart disease is four times higher than that of ordinary people.

If the first molar is relatively short, and there is pain from time to time, it means that there is something wrong with digestion. 6。

Stop taking painkillers before going to the dentist. Some people often take aspirin and other drugs, but it will make you bleed a lot when pulling teeth.

7。 Gingival bleeding is very serious.

Gum bleeding is an inflammatory symptom, and it is very likely that you have developed an infection. 8。

Not all abrasives contained in toothpaste are harmful. Many people think that abrasives in toothpaste can damage teeth.

In fact, on the contrary, soft abrasives such as anhydrous silicic acid and papain contained in toothpaste can polish and whiten teeth. 9。

eating sugar does not necessarily lead to tooth decay. There is not much problem in eating sweets as long as they are cleaned in time.

Moreover, a balanced diet is the key to a healthy smile. For example, often skipping meals will lead to excessive acidity in the mouth, resulting in tooth decay and gum problems.

1。 Tongue also has a health code.

The bright red tip of the tongue indicates that there may be thyroid or heart problems; If the tongue is yellow-green, it is a liver or gallbladder problem; Slightly grayish brown, usually with digestive diseases.

3. What should be paid attention to in daily oral care?

First, brush your teeth every day. After brushing your teeth, use dental floss and tongue coating brush, and have regular oral examination and cleaning.

The articles used in oral care can only be used by patients after disinfection. Observe the operating principle of aseptic technology, and operate lightly and carefully to keep the oral membrane intact and avoid unnecessary damage.

The cotton ball used must be clamped to prevent the cotton ball from being left in the patient's mouth. And pay attention to the cotton ball not to be too wet to avoid the solution being inhaled into the respiratory tract.

Pay attention to the changes of oral melting film when doing oral care, such as congestion, inflammation, erosion, ulcer, swelling and abnormal changes of tongue coating color. References: Digou Dental Materials and Equipment Network for reference

4. Dental nurses

1. The professional qualities that dental nurses should have

(1) They should have a high sense of responsibility and compassion for patients. When patients enter the consulting room, they should take the initiative to greet them warmly, guide them to sit down, adjust the chair position and lighting, and quickly prepare the required instruments and materials and the X-ray films according to the needs of treatment.

(2) be familiar with this professional knowledge. You must be familiar with the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods of common and frequently-occurring diseases in undergraduate courses, so as to actively cooperate with the treatment and teach the preventive health care knowledge to patients at any time.

(3) Be familiar with the performance, operation steps, precautions and maintenance knowledge of modern dental medical equipment and instruments.

(4) Seriously study the knowledge of four-handed operation. Combined with the characteristics of each major, master the four-handed operation skills skillfully, and truly achieve high < P > efficiency and quality service for doctors and patients.

Second, the basic knowledge of stomatology that stomatology nurses should possess

(1) knowledge of hospital infection control

(2) medical and health regulations

(3) medical crisis management

(4) service etiquette

(5) introduction to oral anatomy

(6) introduction to oral histology

(p) Common dental diseases

(1) Introduction to prevention of stomatology

(11) Contents and methods of oral health education

(12) Use and maintenance of common dental equipment

III. Theoretical knowledge

Junior nurses

1. Familiar with the basic structure of oral cavity, physical examination of oral cavity, anatomy and physiology of oral cavity, and general examination of oral cavity and maxillofacial region.

2. master the mechanism and nursing points of common symptoms of oral diseases such as toothache, gingival bleeding, dental caries, pulpitis and periapical periodontitis, periodontal disease, oral mucosal disease and tooth defect.

3. To master the mechanism and nursing points of common symptoms in stomatology, prosthodontics, orthodontics, children's teeth, implant dentures and maxillofacial surgery.

Fourth, nursing skills

Junior nurses

1. Understand the names, use and disinfection of commonly used instruments in dental clinics, such as various types of hole-preparing turning needles, curettes, bottom materials, glass plates, metal mixing knives and cement fillers.

2. master the amalgam filling instruments, resin filling instruments, inactivation instruments and pulp capping instruments to prepare pulp pulling treatment instruments.

3. Be familiar with the application and nursing of orthodontic patients' movable appliances and fixed appliances.

4. Mastering the characteristics of model making technology and model trimming technology in specialized nursing.

Basic knowledge of being a nurse 1. Essentials of basic nursing knowledge

The formation of nursing science: 1. Early human nursing-regardless of doctors and witches; 2. Medieval nursing-the hospital was created by nuns; 3. Renaissance-became an independent and noble profession; 4. Religious reform-dark period; The basic tasks of nursing are: relieving pain, preventing diseases, restoring health and promoting the physical environment of healthy hospitals; Space, temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, sound and decoration; Among them, the distance between beds shall not be less than one meter, and there shall be a curtain between beds to cover them when necessary.

The temperature in the general ward is 18~22, and the temperature in the ward for the newborn and the elderly should be kept at 22~24. The humidity of the ward should be 5%~6%.

the indoor air can be replaced by opening the window for 3 minutes. During the day, the ideal noise intensity of the hospital should be maintained at 35~45 decibels. Nurses should be "four lightness" in their work, that is, speaking lightly, walking lightly, operating lightly and opening and closing doors lightly.

The operating room should be decorated in green or blue to make patients feel quiet and trusting! The interpersonal relationships in hospitals mainly include: nurse-patient relationship, patient-friend relationship, and patient-other personnel relationship. Patient bed unit refers to the furniture and equipment provided by medical institutions to patients during hospitalization. It is the most basic living unit for patients to rest, sleep, eat, excrete and treat.

Bed-making methods include arranging spare beds, temporary empty beds, anesthesia beds and bedridden patients' beds, and removing the bedside table by about 2 cm and bedside chair by 15 cm during operation. The procedures for nursing hospitalized patients are: going through admission procedures, carrying out sanitary disposal and escorting patients into the ward. Nursing care of general patients after admission: prepare bed units, welcome new patients, measure patients' temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure and weight, measure their height and record when necessary, inform doctors to see patients, assist in physical examination or treatment when necessary, and fill in admission cases and related nursing forms (fill in the eyebrow column and various forms of hospitalization cases page by page with blue pen, vertically write the hospital time between temperature sheets to record the first basic life disease and height and weight, fill in the diagnosis card of admission registration card, and fill in the bedside card with red pen).

Nursing care of emergency patients after entering the ward; Prepare the bed unit, prepare first-aid articles and medicines, cooperate with the rescue, and temporarily stay with the accompanying personnel for graded nursing; According to the priority of illness and the different nursing levels of patients' self-care ability, it is divided into four levels, namely special nursing, first-class nursing, second-class nursing and third-class nursing. The nursing object of special care; The patient is in critical condition and needs to be observed at any time for rescue.

(such as organ transplantation after severe trauma and complicated major surgery, extensive burns and serious medical diseases, etc.). ) the content of nursing; Arrange special personnel to care for 24 hours, closely observe the changes of illness and vital signs, formulate nursing plans, strictly implement various diagnosis and treatment and nursing measures, fill in special nursing records in time and accurately, prepare medicines and medicines needed for first aid, do basic nursing, prevent complications and ensure patient safety.

primary care; Applicable object; The patient is critically ill and needs absolute rest. (such as various major operations, shock, coma, paralysis, high fever, massive bleeding, liver and kidney failure and premature infants, etc.) nursing contents; Patrol patients every 15~3 minutes to observe the changes of their condition and vital signs; Make a nursing plan, strictly implement various diagnosis and treatment and nursing measures, and fill in special nursing records timely and accurately; Do a good job in basic nursing to prevent complications and meet the physical and mental needs of patients.

secondary care, applicable object; The patient's condition is serious and he can't take care of himself (such as those whose condition is stable after major surgery, those who are old and weak, those who are not easy to be active due to chronic diseases, children, etc.); Patrol patients every 1~2 hours to observe their condition; Nursing according to routine nursing: give necessary life and psychological support to meet patients' physical and mental needs. Three-level nursing, applicable object; The patient's condition is mild and he can basically take care of himself.

(such as general chronic diseases, recovery period of diseases and preparation stage before operation, etc.) Nursing contents: patrol patients twice a day to observe their condition; Nursing according to routine nursing; Give health care guidance, urge patients to abide by hospital regulations and meet patients' physical and mental needs. Chapter IV Comfort and Safety Comfort; It refers to a self-feeling that an individual is in a relaxed, satisfied, comfortable, healthy and peaceful state without anxiety and pain.

uncomfortable; An individual's physical and mental health is imperfect or defective, and his physical and mental needs cannot be fully met. Pain is the most serious manifestation of discomfort. Principles of nursing uncomfortable patients; Give priority to prevention and promote the comfort of patients; Strengthen observation and discover the causes of discomfort in time; Take effective measures to eliminate or alleviate discomfort; Trust each other and give psychological support.

lying position; Classification of supine position; Active position, passive position and forced position. Change * * * at least every two hours.

common lying position; Supine position (supine position without pillow ~ anesthetize the patient; Concave supine position ~ shock patients; Patients with supine position ~ abdominal examination and catheterization; ), lateral position (* * *, * * check and cooperate with gastroscope, enteroscopy, intramuscular injection, and prevent pressure ulcers), semi-sitting position (patients after face and neck surgery, patients with dyspnea caused by heart and lung diseases, patients with inflammation after chest and abdominal pelvic surgery, patients with weak constitution during recovery period), and prone position (patients with heart failure, pericardial effusion and bronchial asthma attack). Abdominal pain caused by spinal surgery and flatulence), head low and feet high, (pulmonary secretion drainage, duodenal drainage, premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy, traction of calcaneus and tibial tubercles), head high and feet low (patients with cervical vertebra fracture are traction-reversed during skull traction to prevent brain edema, patients after brain surgery), knee-chest position (* * *, rectum and sigmoidoscopy to correct fetal malposition or It means that the subjective feeling associated with existing or potential tissue damage is a defensive response of the body to harmful * * *) The characteristics of pain 1. Pain is a danger warning that an individual is infringed; 2. Pain is a feeling of physical and mental discomfort; 3. Pain is often accompanied by physiological, behavioral and emotional reactions. Nursing evaluation of pain; Evaluation content; The location of pain, the time of pain, the nature of pain, the degree of pain, and the expression of pain. The World Health Organization divides pain into four levels, namely; Level , painless; .

2. What are the basic knowledge that a nurse needs to master?

Nurses need to master the following five basic knowledge:

1. They have certain cultural accomplishment, knowledge of nursing theory and humanities, and basic knowledge of participating in nursing education and nursing research. Can be competent in nursing work, and have the courage to study business technology to maintain a high level of nursing.

2. Have strong nursing skills, and can apply the working methods of nursing procedures to solve the existing or potential health problems of patients.

Third, have a healthy psychology, cheerful and stable mood, tolerant and open-minded mind and strong physique. The work style is rigorous, subtle, active, decisive, agile and realistic.

Fourth, pay attention to civility and courtesy, use standard language, be kind, be steady and dignified, dress neatly and be generous.

five, have a good medical ethics, integrity. Don't do illegal operations that violate moral conscience or work that is not loyal to your duties, so as to maintain the professional reputation.

Extended information:

Job description of nurses:

1. Do not work illegally.