The Theoretical Proposition of Zhexi Ci School

Zhu Yizun initiated the school of Ci in western Zhejiang, and was also the most successful in the theory of Ci. His basic view on Ci is to flaunt the Southern Song Dynasty, and to admire Jiang Kui (Yao Zhang, a Taoist of Baishi) and Zhang Yan (Xia Shu, a native of Yutian). He said in "A Brief Introduction to Ci": "What the world says must be called the Northern Song Dynasty; However, Ci began to work very hard in the Southern Song Dynasty and changed greatly in the Song Dynasty. Jiang's family is the most outstanding. " In his own "Xie Peiling's Self-titled Ci Collection", he even said directly: "Don't learn from Chyi Chin, don't learn from Huang Jiu, and rely on the new sound and fertile land." In addition, it is also said in "Living in a secluded room": "For decades, poets in western Zhejiang have lived in Baishi and Yutian, which is really because of this." Based on this basic point of view, he praised Shen Andeng's ci, calling it "learning from the Jiang family and gaining its spirit" (Preface to the Black Butterfly Zhai).

The reason why the school of Ci in western Zhejiang praised Jiang and Zhang is mainly because they think that Jiang and Zhang's ci are beautiful and elegant, and their style is ethereal. Therefore, elegance and ethereal spirit are the core of the theory of Ci school in western Zhejiang. Zhu Yizun clearly pointed out in the Postscript of Yuefu Elegant Words: "Elegant words are the most important." It is believed that "although listening to the sound is a path, doing it is elegant, boring and extremely capable, proclaiming the six meanings and advocating vowels" (Jing Zhi Ju Shi Hua); "The words of a good lyricist are the sons of a false boudoir, and they become elegant and elegant by getting rid of coquettish" (Chen's preface to red salt). As for emptying, its origin comes from Zhang Yan's etymology. In the principle of lyrics, Zhang Yan advocates "elegance" and emphasizes harmony and ethereal. Empty, beautiful and ethereal.

In order to cooperate with the theoretical propaganda, Zhu Yizun also selected more than 500 pronouns from Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties as Ci Zong (Zhu Yuan compiled 26 volumes, later Wang Senzeng 10 volumes, and more than 600 words were included in * * *) to interpret his theoretical proposition. Ci Comprehensive is an important anthology with wide spread and far-reaching influence. As soon as this book came out, Zhejiang School became more and more popular. The Ci-poetry proposition of Zhexi Ci School has also developed and changed in the past hundred years. In the early stage, Zhu Yizun, Wilson and others had a theoretical exposition in some prefaces and postscripts. In the later period, the main theoretical works of Ci poetry include Xu Angxiao's Comments on Couples of Ci Poetry in Haining (mainly commenting on the selection of Ci Poetry and expounding opinions), Guo Gan's Lingfen Pavilion in Wujiang and Wu's Lotus Garden. And there are many theoretical explanations. To sum up, the theory of Ci in western Zhejiang has the following points:

First of all, living in the Southern Song Dynasty, he advocated elegance, cleaned up the style of ci, and criticized the style of ci in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Aiming at the disadvantages of Ci in Ming Dynasty, it is suitable for the needs of early Qing Dynasty. They advocated taking Zhangjiang's ci style in the Southern Song Dynasty as Gao Gui, and learning from its ethereal and elegant style, so as to express the hatred of home and country. Zhu Yizun thought that the Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty was extremely hard and the Ci in the Song Dynasty was extremely changeable. Wilson believes that Jiang Kui's ci in the Southern Song Dynasty is refined and refined, and belongs to elegance (A Comprehensive Preface to Ci).

Second, respect the style of ci and improve the status of ci. Ci has always been a poem. Western Zhejiang poets regard it as a tool to express the hatred of home and country. Zhu Yizun thinks: Although the word is a small skill, great scholars used to do it. They covered it with unspeakable words in poetry, so they relied on sound. His words are slightly beneficial, but his purpose has benefited a lot. Those who are good at writing and fake girls' writing are related to the meanings of Li Sao and Ya, which is especially inappropriate for those who are not interested in the times. ("Red Salt Word Order")

Third, art advocates that words should have their own characteristics and conform to the style of words. Zhexi Ci School advocates that there is only one genre of Ci, and the standards of verve, ethereal, lightness and beauty are held high in the early and late stages of Zhexi Ci School. Most of their ci selections and their own creations reflect this feature. It is to turn feelings into beautiful and distant images and express them implicitly in fresh and unique language. In Zhu Yizun's words, hate is spread by air. Li E compared this kind of words to the elegant and distant paintings of Nanzong.