How to improve English translation?

In daily reading such as English newspapers and magazines, clauses are often the key to form long or even difficult sentences in English. For a long time, in the translation of postgraduate entrance examination, the frequency of examining the translation methods of clauses remains high. Because English clauses can be interlocked, translation should not be based on English structure and mode, but on the characteristics of English and Chinese sentence patterns. In the basic study of the differences between English and Chinese, we know that English is very restricted by the "form" of English grammar. English takes subject-predicate structure as the framework to express the core meaning of English sentences. Specifically, there are five simple sentence patterns in English, namely: subject+predicate+object S-V-O subject +tie+ predicate S-V-P subject+predicate+double object S-V-oO (direct object plus indirect object) subject+predicate+compound object S-V-OC (object plus object complement) subject+. The only "dichotomous" subject-predicate structure usually adds adverbials. Therefore, we seldom see such a sentence as bird flying. Because although its subject and predicate are complete and its grammar is correct, in practical application, adverbials are usually added, such as birds flying in the sky. Therefore, from the perspective of application, the sentence pattern of SV structure can also be regarded as a "three-point" sentence pattern. But in Chinese, "three-point" complete sentences like English are rare. Chinese is generally influenced by the ancient ancestors' ideas of "opposition between Yin and Yang", "harmony between man and nature" and "Tai Chi gives birth to two instruments, and two instruments give birth to four images", and attaches great importance to even-numbered antithesis. From poems to couplets, from idioms to rhetoric, from the logical connection of words to the antithesis of words, China people like to express their thoughts with dichotomous words. For example, Chinese often says "A, B, D", "Zhang San, Li Si" instead of "A, B, C" or just "Zhang San", which is the embodiment of this logic. Dichotomy sentence pattern in Chinese is usually called topic-predicate sentence. This paper will not discuss the characteristics of "topic-comment" sentence for the time being. This paper only illustrates the characteristics of Chinese "dichotomy" sentence pattern and its importance in translation from the perspective of examination. Therefore, when translating English sentences, appropriate sentence adjustments should be made according to the characteristics of the target language, that is, Chinese, so as to meet the reading psychological expectations of China readers. Otherwise, it is very likely that the translation will be slow, obscure or even incomprehensible. For example, in the first half of 2006, an online translation forum once analyzed and criticized a translator's translation. At that time, the translator's translation was as follows: Original text: "At the request of the bidder who should be responsible for protecting and determining all applicable knowledge related to the project, available information on system characteristics related to the project will be provided. At the request of the bidder who should be responsible for obtaining and determining all applicable knowledge related to machine parts, available information related to the system functions connected with machine parts will be provided. We don't have to pay attention to what the original English is for the time being. Only this sentence was "faithfully" translated into Chinese, and no one could understand it. Therefore, it can be seen that the result of translating the original text without processing according to the English sentence structure is terrible! The author once left a translation assignment for an article in the basic translation class of postgraduate entrance examination. English articles are relatively simple, but many students' translations are full of loopholes. "They buy newspapers to learn about the lives of their favorite stars." "They buy newspapers to read stories about the lives of their favorite stars." -selected from the translation of SZ's first assignment. The above English sentence is a typical "three-point" structure, and all parts of English simple sentences are complete. However, this classmate's translation obviously copied the English "three-point" structure, and also wrote the Chinese translation as "big and complete", which was extremely readable. However, if the original text is divided into "dichotomy" expressions that conform to China people's expression habits, its fluency will be much better. So the author's evaluation of this classmate's homework at that time was: "... a report on the life of a favorite star." Different from English postattributive or attributive clauses, Chinese prepositions can be infinitely elongated and nested. The suggestion was changed to: "People buy newspapers and learn about the lives of their favorite stars." In addition: "The film business probably started at 19 1 1 and grew rapidly." "The film industry started at about 19 1 1 and developed rapidly." -selected from the translation of LR's first assignment. Author's comment: Very unlike China people. I didn't read it through. In addition, about is not translated, it is a missed translation. The film industry started about 19 1 1 years ago, and developed rapidly. This dirty old house is a gift for everyone who lives in this street. That old house is so dirty that everyone who lives in that street hates it. Through the above comparison, we can clearly find that post-translation is easier for readers to understand and grasp the main points of the translation than pre-translation, rather than Europeanized Chinese expressions that make people think hard about its meaning after reading the original text. In the process of translating the real questions for postgraduate entrance examination, we should boldly disassemble and reorganize English "three-point" sentence patterns, especially those with complex modifiers such as attributive clauses, and apply translation techniques such as repeating antecedents and omitting antecedents in translating the leading words of attributive clauses to transform long English sentences into short Chinese sentences, so as to improve translation speed and readability. For example, over the years, tools and technology, as the source of fundamental innovation, have been largely ignored by historians and philosophy? 0? 1 layer science. (1994 73) Original translation: "Tools and technologies themselves, as the source of fundamental innovation, have been largely ignored by historians and scientific thinkers for many years." This translation can be regarded as a correct translation. But it is not a good Chinese sentence, and its readability is average. Moreover, from the examination point of view, it is difficult for candidates to write such long sentences skillfully in such a tense examination room without omission, and it is bound to waste some time thinking and pondering the accumulation of Chinese vocabulary. Moreover, because Chinese sentences are very long, it is easy to miss the main points of the original text in the process of translation, resulting in the phenomenon of losing points, and it is not easy to detect them when the examination time is very limited (it is recommended that the completion time of the translation questions for postgraduate entrance examination is about 20 minutes). Therefore, after understanding the dichotomy of Chinese, we should boldly break the original sentence. Over the years, tools and technology themselves, as the source of fundamental innovation, have been largely ignored by historians and scientific thinkers. Another example is Galileo's great experiment. The glory was in 1609. He was the first person to point the newly invented telescope at the treasure to prove the planet. It revolves around the sun, not the earth. (1994 74) Original translation: "Galileo's greatest glory is that in 1609, he became the first person to observe the sky with a newly invented telescope to confirm that the planets revolve around the sun instead of the earth." Galileo's greatest achievement was in 1609. In order to prove that the planets revolve around the sun instead of the earth, he was the first person to observe the sky with a newly invented telescope. Another example is the latest translation topic of the 2007 Postgraduate Entrance Examination: In fact, it is hard to see how journalists who have no clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can be competent to report on Li Po. In fact, it is very difficult to understand how journalists who do not know the basic characteristics of the Canadian Constitution can be competent for political news reporting. Although such a sentence covers all the main points of the original sentence, it is hard to say that it is an authentic Chinese sentence, and it is hard to say that it is a sentence that allows reviewers to quickly grasp the main points of translation. Usually, any Chinese sentence with more than 30 words (even like the 45-word clause in the original translation! ), may let China people finish watching "suffocation". In fact, it is hard for us to imagine how journalists who do not have a clear understanding of the basic characteristics of the Canadian Constitution can be competent to report political news.

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