English slogan of Spanish industrial zone

Country name: Spain (Espa? A, Spain) is officially called the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de Espa? answer

Europe (western region) belongs to southern Europe.

Important holidays: National Day: 10 10/0/2; Constitution Day: 65438+February 6th.

Capital: Madrid, population 365,438+10,000 (2004).

Area: 505,925 square kilometers

Population: 45,200,737 people (estimated in 2007) are mainly Castilians (that is, Spaniards), and ethnic minorities are Catalans (6,865,438+0,000), Galicians (2.75 million) and Basques (265,438+0.2 million).

Religion: 96% of the residents believe in Catholicism.

Language: Castilian (Spanish) is the official language and national language. Minority languages are also the official languages of this region.

State system: constitutional monarchy, parliamentary democracy.

National flowers: pomegranate flowers and carnations.

National Stone: Emerald

National ball: water polo

Currency: Euro (old currency: peseta)

International domain Abbreviation: es.

International telephone area code: +34

Time: 7 hours later than Beijing time, 6 hours in daylight saving time;

Spanish flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. The flag surface consists of three parallel horizontal rectangles, all of which are red from top to bottom, each accounting for1/4 of the flag surface; The middle is yellow. The yellow part is painted with the national emblem of Spain on the left. Red and yellow are the traditional colors that the Spanish people love, and they represent the four ancient kingdoms that make up Spain. There is a saying that red stands for game-writing protocol and yellow stands for yellow sand. Game-writing protocol and yellow sand symbolize the cool bullfighting of the Spanish people, which embodies the spirit of courage, tenacity and fearlessness.

National emblem of Spain: the central pattern is the coat of arms. There are six patterns on the shield: a yellow castle on the red ground in the upper left corner and a red lion wearing a crown on the white ground in the upper right corner. The castle and the lion are symbols of ancient Spain, symbolizing Castilla and Leon respectively; In the lower left corner is a yellow-red vertical bar, symbolizing Aragon in the northeast; In the lower right corner is a golden chain net on the red ground, symbolizing Navarra in the north; The bottom is a red pomegranate with green leaves on a white background, symbolizing Granada in the south; There are three lilies in the blue oval in the center of the shield, which symbolizes the country's prosperity, people's happiness and national unity. There is a big crown at the top of the coat of arms, which is a symbol of state power. There is a Hercules column on each side of the coat of arms. Also known as the Hercules Silver Pillar, the top of the left and right pillars are the crown and the imperial crown respectively, and the ribbon wound on the pillar reads "There are continents overseas".

National anthem: Royal March The Spanish national anthem originated from the March of Granada Army in Carlos III in the18th century. The Spanish royal family called it the March of Honor, and the folk called it the March of Infantry. The royal family organized musicians to create new songs many times, but none of them could surpass this one, so the national anthem with songs and no words continued until the end of 2007, when a nationwide lyric collection campaign was launched and the lyrics of the Spanish national anthem were determined.

Long live Spain! /We sing together/with different voices/with the same heart.

Long live Spain! /from the green valley/to the vast ocean/is a hymn of brothers.

We love our motherland/want to hug her/under her blue sky/all ethnic groups are like a family.

Glorious descendants/great history/praise justice and prosperity/praise democracy and peace.

The four lyrics embody "unity, freedom, democracy and peace".

However, this lyric has not been widely recognized, and the lyrics of the Spanish national anthem have also been shelved.

193 1 In the second year of the Republic of China, Ode to Diego was adopted as the national anthem, but after the failure of the democratic government, it resumed its original national anthem status.

King Juan Carlos I Important person: Juan Carlos I: King, head of state of Spain. 1938 10 was born in Rome on 5 October, the grandson of Alfonso XIII, the last king of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty. When I was young, I lived with my father in Italy, Switzerland and Portugal. From 1955, I studied in military academies of Xihai, Army and Air Force successively, and worked as an administrative intern in various government departments after graduation. /kloc-0 was approved as the heir to the throne by the Spanish parliament in July, 1969, and1/kloc-0 ascended the throne in June, 1969. I like skiing, hunting, sailing and aviation. 1962 married Princess Sofia of Greece and had two daughters and one son.

Jose luis rodriguez zapatero: Prime Minister. 1960 was born in Castilla-Leon autonomous region on August 4th. Bachelor of Law. 1979 join the trade union party. 1986 became the youngest congressman in the west and was elected four times in a row. In July 2000, he was elected General Secretary of the Labor Party. In April 2004, he became prime minister.

[Edit this paragraph] Administrative divisions

The whole country is divided into 17 autonomous regions, 50 provinces and more than 8,000 towns. 17 The autonomous regions are: Andalusia, Aragon, asturias, Balearic, Basque, Canary, Cantabria, Castilla-Leon, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Estremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, la rioja and Valencia.

Administrative divisions/centers

Andalusia/Andalusia/Seville, Seville

Aragon Aragon/Zaragoza Zaragoza

Oviedo of asturias/Oviedo

Barry Alibaba/Mallorca, i.

Basque vasco/Victoria Victoria-Gaste

Canary islands/

Cantabria/Santander, Cantabria

Castilla-Leon Castilla and Leon/Valladolid Football Club

Castilla La Mancha Castilla La Mancha/Toledo

Catalonia/Catalonia/Barcelona

Estremadura Estremadura/Merida Merida

Galicia, Galicia/Santiago de Compostela

Madrid/Madrid

Murcia Murcia/Murcia Murcia

Navarra Navarra/Pamplona

La rioja, la rioja/Los Grognot, Los Grognot

Valencia/Valencia

Four major tourist areas: Canary Islands-Tropical Scenery, Sunshine Coast-Mediterranean Beach, Balearic Islands-Mediterranean Bath, Madrid-Ancient Cultural City;

Population profile

The main ethnic group in Spain is Castilians, accounting for more than 70% of the total population. Catalans, Galicians and Basques are the most important three of Spain's 20 ethnic minorities.

Catalans mainly live in northeastern Spain, and Barcelona is the important town of Catalonia. A few Catalans live in Aragon, and there are about 600,000 people in Germany, Italy, Andorra and other countries. Galicians live in the Galician region in the northwest. Their origins are related to the Portuguese, and they are also very close in culture and language. Abroad, Galicians are mainly concentrated in Argentina, with a total of 975,000 people. Basques are distributed on the west side of the Pyrenees, living in the foothills of Cantabria and along the Bay of Biscay. There are about 300 thousand people abroad, many of whom are in France. Sociologists have so far failed to find the origin of the Basque nation. In these three regions, the national language and Spanish (Castilian) are official languages.

The three largest cities in Spain are Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia, with a population of more than 2 million. On the mainland, which accounts for about two-thirds of the country, the population is only one-third of the country's, and the rest are concentrated in the industrial prosperity areas bordering the Mediterranean and Atlantic. There are 263 people per square kilometer in the province of Biscay maritime and 284 people in Barcelona. In some industrial areas, such as asturias, Basque and Catalonia, there are even more than 500 people per square kilometer. In some sparsely populated areas such as teruel, Soria and La Mancha, there are only 9 people per square kilometer. In the Mainland, the only place with a relatively high population density is madrid province, where the capital is located, with more than 500 people per square kilometer.

Spain's population is aging seriously. Spain is considered as one of the most livable countries in Europe. With the improvement of living standards, the average life expectancy in 1980 reached 76 years, second only to the Netherlands in Europe. Although it is a traditional Catholic country, influenced by the modern concept of marriage and family, young people tend to marry late, never marry and never have children. The marriage rate of men and women of marriageable age is only about five thousandths, which means that the proportion of cohabitation is huge. At one time in the early 1980s, the number of people getting married decreased by 25% every year. At present, women have an average of 2./kloc-0 children, and the family size has shrunk to about 3 people per household, which is a low level in Europe. However, the divorce rate in Spain is also very low, only 0.5 per thousand. Spain's child mortality rate is also relatively low in Europe, below 1%. A large number of overseas immigrants have also caused the low growth rate of Spain's population, which is the difference between Spain and other western countries.

At present, there are about 3.36 million Spaniards living abroad, including 2.207 million in America and 6.5438+0.07 million in Europe. Constant immigration is the characteristic of Spain's population structure, which is related to her colonial rule. After the discovery of the New World, a large number of Spaniards flocked to Central and South America and even parts of North America to look for gold and adventure. By 19 13, the number of Hispanic American immigrants reached 220,000. After the war, the direction of Spanish immigration reversed. Before 1960, up to 85% of the immigrants' target was the Americas on the other side of the Atlantic, and then it dropped to10%; At the same time, a large number of immigrants turned their new dreams to Europe, and their favorite places were France, Germany and Switzerland. After the war, the population of Spain who emigrated abroad was 1.5 million.

[Edit this paragraph] National capital

The symbol of Madrid, the capital of Spain, is a bear standing enough to eat apples. It is located in an intermountain basin at an altitude of 670 meters and is one of the highest capitals in Europe. The scenery here is beautiful, the sun is shining and the air is fresh. The number of sunny days every year ranks first among the major capitals in Europe.

In ancient times, Madrid was just a small village on the Manzanares River, ruled by Romans, Visigoths and Arabs. The name of Madrid comes from Machirit, which was a fortress built here by Arabs in the 10 century. 1083, the Spanish drove the foreign rulers out of the Iberian Peninsula. 1562, Felipe II moved the capital from Toledo to Madrid, which is a strategic place in the center of the peninsula. At that time, the city had only 30,000 residents, but now Madrid has a population of nearly 4 million and has become the political, economic, cultural, transportation and financial center of Spain.

Madrid is now a modern city. 10% of Spain's total industrial output value comes from machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, construction, leather and wood processing, food and other industrial sectors in this capital. Since the opening of the first railway in 185 1 Madrid, Madrid has been connected with more than 20 cities in China and major cities in the world, and the Spanish road network has been extended to all parts of the country with Madrid as the center. Subway transportation is the main mode of transportation in Madrid. The total length of the subway is about 100 km, with1000000 people entering and leaving every day.

Madrid is full of places of interest. This 1000 Arc de Triomphe, more than 3,000 squares and 50 museums 1992 was rated as "a famous European cultural city", full of strong historical atmosphere. The triangle between the three main squares-Sun Gate Square, Central Square and Spain Square-is the center of Madrid. Sun Gate Square is called the center of Spain, where there is a sign from which Spaniards calculate the mileage of cars, trains and planes to all parts of the country. There is the famous Cervantes monument in Spain on the Spanish square. On one side of the monument is a statue of Isabel, the founding queen of Spain, and two pools symbolizing the calm Mediterranean and the turbulent Atlantic Ocean. On the other side are the world-famous bronze statues of Tangi and Sancho's servants. The Columbus Monument was erected in Columbus Square. The statue of Columbus in the distance and the fountain in the shape of a three-masted boat at the foot are also one of Madrid's landmark buildings. The image of the sculpture "Lion Chariot" on the Goddess of the Earth Square is often used to mark the city of Madrid. This square is a place where fans of the famous club Real Madrid celebrate.

With the development of tourism in the last two decades, in addition to many new institutions and commercial buildings, Madrid has also built many gorgeous restaurants and hotels, mainly for foreign tourists to rest. In the new architecture, the "Gate of Europe" is impressive both in architecture and aesthetics. Two symmetrical parallelogram towers are located on both sides of the expressway respectively, and they are inclined at an acute angle to each other. This building was built for the European Union Conference in Madrid, showing a fearless heroism.

[Edit this paragraph] Major cities

Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia.

Located on the Mediterranean coast in the northeast of Spain, it is the gateway of Iberian Peninsula with magnificent terrain. The whole city covers an area of 9 1 km2, and the urban population is 1, 5 1, 000. If the peripheral areas are included, it is 4 million, second only to the capital Madrid, and it is also one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Its official office is in Villafranca. The language of the people participating in the pyramid competition is Spanish, but the whole area speaks local Catalan. Barcelona is a port city of Catalonia, a world-famous Mediterranean scenic resort, a world-famous historical and cultural city and the most important trade, industry and financial base of Spain. Its industrial output value accounts for 1/5 of the whole country, including automobiles, heavy machinery, chemicals, precision instruments and textiles. The port of Barcelona is also the largest port and container terminal along the Mediterranean coast. Barcelona Port is the largest comprehensive port in China, with 8,000 ships (gross tonnage of 40 million tons) and annual throughput of 20 million tons. Barcelona is older than Madrid. For most of its history, Spain is a more important city than Madrid, first the capital of the Spanish people, and later the territory of the powerful Count of Barcelona. 1 137 became the capital of Catalonia and the United Kingdom of Aragon, and has since become an extremely rich and brilliant city. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/5th century, Barcelona and its region were merged into the Spanish state. Since then, there has been fierce competition between Madrid and Barcelona. As one of the top seaports, commercial centers and industrial cities in this country, Barcelona has become increasingly prosperous.

[Edit this paragraph] National politics

politics

On March 1 1, 2004, a terrorist explosion occurred in Madrid, which had a far-reaching impact on the political situation in Spain. Despite the change of government, the western society is stable and the economy is rising steadily. The new Prime Minister Zapatero vigorously promoted "dialogue and consultation" and adopted a series of policies with the traditional left-wing color of industry and socialist party. Implement economic policies focusing on stabilizing the macro-economy and maintaining fiscal balance. Carry out democratic innovation and pay attention to the interests of vulnerable groups. Relevant laws or regulations have been promulgated or revised in combating domestic violence, solving illegal immigrants, raising minimum wages and pensions, and increasing scholarships. Intensify anti-terrorism efforts and actively carry out international anti-terrorism cooperation.

form

The current constitution was adopted by national referendum on February 6, 65438 and came into effect on February 29, 65438. According to the Constitution, Spain is a country with social democracy and the rule of law, with a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The throne is inherited by the direct descendants of Juan Carlos I, and the king is the head of state and the supreme commander of the armed forces, representing the country. The government is responsible for governing the country and reporting to the parliament. The Constitution recognizes and guarantees the autonomy of minority areas.

parliament

Composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives, it exercises legislative power, examines and approves budgets and supervises government work. Legislative power is controlled by the House of Representatives, and the Senate is the regional representative house. Members are elected by universal suffrage for a term of four years. The current parliament was established in April 2004. There are 350 deputies and 259 senators (565,438+0 of whom are appointed by the autonomous regional parliament). The distribution of seats in both houses is as follows:

House of Representatives and Senate

Socialist Party of Workers 164 95

People's Party 148 126

Unity and union 10 6

* * * and the left wing 8-

Alliance for Progress in Catalonia-16

United left wing 5-

Basque Nationalist Party 7 7

Canary League 3 4

Other Parties 5 4

Manuel Marín González (male), Speaker of the House of Representatives, took office in April 2004. Senate President Francisco Javier Rojo García (male) took office in April 2004. They both belong to the Labour Party.

government

The current government took office on April 8, 2004, with 17 cabinet members. Mainly: Prime Minister jose luis rodriguez zapatero; Maria Teresa Fernandez Dehlavi San, First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Prime Minister's Office, government spokesperson; Minister of Finance Pedro Solbes Mira and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Miguel Angel Moratinos Cuyaubé (Miguel? Ngel Moratinos Cuyaubé) and others.

judicial authority

The judicial leading body is the General Judicial Committee, which consists of 20 members and is chaired by the President of the Supreme Court. The judicial system is divided into two systems: the judicial court and the administrative court. Francisco José hernando, President of the Supreme Court, and Carlos Diva, President of the National Court.

The highest procuratorial organ is the State General Procuratorate, which has jurisdiction over procuratorates at all levels and prosecutors stationed in various judicial departments. Candido Kant Pumpido, state attorney general.

political party

The west implements a multi-party system. The main political parties are:

(1) socialist Obrero Espa? Ol): the ruling party. Founded in 1879, there are about 4 10000 people in party member. During 1982 ~ 1996, the party was in power for four times. President Manuel Chá vez, General Secretary José luis rodriguez jose luis rodriguez zapatero. In April 2004, the Communist Party of China (CPC) won the general election and came to power.

(2) Partido Popular: Formerly known as People's Alliance, it was founded in 1977 and renamed People's Party in 1989. Implement the "middle reformism" line. There are about 600,000 people in party member. Shortly after its establishment, the party entered the political arena of the country and its strength continued to grow. 1996 took the stage for the first time in May. In April 2000, he was re-elected to power. President mariano rajoy and General Secretary Angel jesus Sebes. In 2004, he was defeated in the general election and became the largest opposition party.

(3) Spain * * * Production Party (Partido Comunista de Espa? A): Founded in 1920, party member has about 40,000 people, and its general secretary is Francisco Frutos. West * * * and other left-wing parties form the Izquierda Unida, with about 50,000 people in party member. Gaspar Liamassares is the general coordinator.

(4) Catalonia Democratic Union (Convergencia Democrá tica de Catalu? With another nationalist party, the Catalan Democratic Union? A) Joint governance of Catalonia Autonomous Region. Established in 1975, about 1 10,000 in party member. President Jody Puyol and General Secretary Artur Maas.

(5) Partido Nationalista Vasco: founded in 1895, the ruling party of Basque Autonomous Region, with about 40,000 people in party member. Chairman, Josu Jon Imaz.

military affairs

The armed forces are composed of regular troops and paramilitary forces (national security forces), with the king as the supreme commander. The National Defense Commission is the highest decision-making body of national defense, with the King as the chairman and the Prime Minister presiding over the work. Members include the Deputy Prime Minister, the Minister of National Defense, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of the Interior, the Chief of Staff of the National Defense and the Chiefs of Staff of the Three Armed Forces. The Ministry of National Defense is responsible for formulating national defense policies and leading the national defense industry. The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the three armed forces is a military advisory body to the Prime Minister and the Minister of National Defense. General Felix Sans Roldam, Chief of Defence Staff. In March 20001year, the western parliament passed a decree and decided to cancel the compulsory military service system in March 20001year to realize the professionalization of the army.

In 2005, the national defense budget was 6,996,543.8 million euros, accounting for 0.8% of the GDP. The total strength of the western regular army is 12 1 10,000, of which the army is 77 1 10,000, the navy10.94 million, the air force is 2 1 10,000, and the reserves of the three armed forces are 328,500. In addition, there are 53,000 national police officers and 7 10000 national guards. Since 2004, the three armed forces have abolished the original organizational system and established six operational headquarters and 10 military support organs according to the division of functions and tasks, so as to reduce the command level and enhance operational efficiency.

[Edit this paragraph] Foreign exchange

Foreign Relations After Zapatero's government came to power, its foreign policy was greatly adjusted. We advocate a pragmatic and effective policy of multilateralism in handling international affairs, emphasize the leading role of the United Nations, advocate dialogue among civilizations and build an alliance of world civilizations. Focus on "Europeanism" and strive to be at the center of EU construction. Vigorously consolidate and strengthen friendly and cooperative relations with Latin American countries and actively promote the development of cooperation between the EU and Latin America. Efforts should be made to restore and develop relations with North African countries, promote security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region, and advocate that the EU and NATO should give consideration to the south while expanding eastward. Pay attention to peace and stability in the Middle East, actively promote the implementation of the "road map" plan, and strive to make a difference in resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Attach importance to strengthening political and economic presence in the Asia-Pacific region and focus on developing relations with China, Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asian countries. Spain has diplomatic, consular and commercial relations with nearly 200 countries and regions. In 2003-2004, he served as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and chairman of the Security Council's Counter-Terrorism Committee.

Relations with the European Union Spain pursues Europeanism and regards Europe as the first of the three traditional pillars of its foreign policy. Integrating into the EU and playing a greater role in it is the basis of Spain's foreign policy. People believe that a strong and United Europe is the guarantee of world progress, and the EU should have a real security and defense policy, play an active, effective and credible role in preventing and resolving international and regional conflicts, and assume the responsibility of maintaining world peace and security in accordance with the UN Charter. In February 2005, Spain held a referendum on the EU constitutional treaty, becoming the first country in the EU to adopt the EU constitution by referendum. Spain maintains close relations with EU member states and strengthens "close traditional friendly relations" with France and Germany. Regular meetings of heads of government have been established with Germany, France, Italy and Portugal. EU member states are Spain's main economic and trade partners. At present, 64% of Spain's imports and 765,438+0% of its exports are trade with EU member States, and more than 50% of Spain's foreign investment comes from EU countries.

Relations with Latin American countries Spain has a special traditional relationship with Latin American countries, and takes the development of relations with Latin American countries as a strategic focus. Emphasis should be placed on maintaining the priority relationship between the two sides, expanding the mechanism of political dialogue and cooperation, helping Latin American countries strengthen and consolidate democratic regimes, strengthen civilized society, and support Latin American economic integration, political consultation mechanism and sustainable development. In June 2005, Spain held the 15 Ibero-American Summit. Continue to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with Latin American countries in the political and economic fields, expand the scale of trade, and promote bilateral cooperation and development. Spain advocates the establishment of EU- Latin America strategic partnership to promote closer EU-Latin America.