What does it mean to despise the enemy strategically and attach importance to the enemy tactically?

"Despise the enemy strategically and attach importance to the enemy tactically" is Mao Zedong's famous saying.

First, what is strategy?

Strategy, English is called Strategy, and German is called Strategie. It is said that this comes from the Greek word "commander", which means to command the army. There is also a saying that it originated from the Greek word "trick". Indeed, Sun Tzu, an immortal strategic theory from the East, began to expound his strategic theory with the sentence "Soldiers are also treacherous". In a word, I'm afraid the word strategy can be said to be a "weighty" word that dominates the war.

It seems that someone has misused this word recently. From the business strategy and profit strategy of enterprises to the winning strategy of playing mahjong, it is everywhere. I don't think war terms should be confused with general terms, but they must be strictly distinguished, because war and peace have their own essence and are in between. There should be a clear line. Only in this way can we correctly and clearly grasp the true meaning of war and peace.

So, how does modern explain "strategy"?

The so-called strategy is considered to be a policy and strategy to achieve the purpose of war and military action, to carry out war plans with foresight and to use military power on a large scale.

However, strategy has far-reaching significance.

It is not only related to the wars that have been fought, but also can be divided into "national strategy" and "military strategy" from a higher position.

The first is the "national strategy". In order to achieve national goals, we should develop and use political, economic and social forces at the same time when developing and using national military forces, whether in peacetime or in wartime. The policies and strategies adopted for this purpose are called "national strategies".

However, since the national strategy is a strategy, in essence, it must involve seeking the expansion of the country and developing and strengthening the military forces supporting this expansion, which may be a realistic situation.

At the same time, in the national strategy, the most important thing is the "military strategy." To put it bluntly, it is to implement the policies and strategies of the country's foreign policy through the use of military force or backed by force.

In short, it needs to be clearly recognized that the so-called strategy is linked to the use of military force in any case.

The above-mentioned national strategy and military strategy can be called "generalized" strategy. The strategy mentioned above can be called "narrow sense" strategy.

The word "strategy" we use in the military is a narrow strategy, that is, "the principles and strategies of conceiving, planning, preparing and commanding operations are generally higher than the concept of tactics, and tactics are to guide and use tactics."

To be clear, it is "strategy" that commands all "battles" or battlefields, while it is "tactics" that commands a "battlefield" or battle.

Second, tactics and operations.

What is mentioned here is "tactics". Now let's discuss its meaning.

The so-called tactics are "the means to achieve strategic goals and the tactics to command troops on the battlefield." So, what's the difference between it and what is usually called "fighting"?

Tactics refers to the specific operational command, but it also includes the design of the overall operational plan.

On the other hand, fighting is more specific. Refers to commanding one or several units to take military action against the enemy within a certain period of time. In this military operation, several "battles" can be included.

In this way, because tactics are more specific than strategy, it also includes various specific contents.

Recently, we often say "strategic bombing" or "tactical bombing".

Some people may think that no matter which kind, it is a large number of bombs anyway. I am afraid there is not much difference. However, there are still obvious differences between "strategy" and "tactics".

"Strategic Bombing" officially appeared in the late World War II, when large heavy bombers were actually used.

This kind of strategic bombing not only attacks military targets, that is, troops, military bases and military facilities. , but also completely attack the rear production facilities, traffic organs and even general residential areas. Its purpose is to completely destroy the ability of the other country to wage war and make the enemy government and nationals lose the will to continue the war.

Therefore, strategic bombing must be "indiscriminate bombing", and under normal circumstances, non-combatants will inevitably suffer extremely serious injuries.

1943 during the second world war, from July to August, the American and British air forces bombed Hamburg, Germany. Hamburg is a city with a population of1760 thousand. In July, it suffered three large-scale air strikes and dropped a large number of high-performance bombs and magnesium incendiary bombs. 55% to 60% of the city was destroyed, 350,000 people were injured, and about100,000 citizens died.

Since March 1945, Japan has also been subjected to planned strategic bombing, which destroyed Japan's ability to wage war. The first time was the Tokyo air raid in March 10.

This time, Tokyo, a big city, especially a densely populated area where businessmen live, was selected for centralized bombing. Due to the terrible indiscriminate bombing of incendiary bombs. Overnight, 80,000 citizens were killed,/kloc-0,000 people were injured, and 270,000 houses were burned. More than one million people suffered from the bombing disaster.

The so-called strategic bombing is such a cruel thing. In fact, this violates the international law prohibiting the indiscriminate killing of non-combatants.

This kind of strategic bombing was put forward by Italian general Du Hei. It is a strategy of "throwing a lot of bombs at big cities, causing damage and terror to citizens, in order to seek to end the war".

It was General Li Mei of the United States who thoroughly implemented this practice. After his strategic bombing of Germany's big cities, he also bombed Japanese cities and shattered Japan's fighting will.

Relatively speaking, the so-called "tactical bombing" is a limited bombing aimed at troops and military facilities, rather than indiscriminately bombing the residential areas of ordinary citizens. 19411On February 8th, the Japanese navy's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was a typical "tactical bombing".

In addition, the words "strategic nuclear weapons" and "tactical nuclear weapons" often appear.

It goes without saying that the 25 million tons of hydrogen bombs owned by the United States and the Soviet Union can seriously damage the entire Kanto Plain and suffer from radioactive energy disasters with only one shot. Even a million-ton nuclear weapon (equivalent to one million tons of ordinary explosives) is a "strategic nuclear weapon".

On the other hand, with the development of lightweight and miniaturization of nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons equivalent to one fortieth of Hiroshima-style atomic bombs and one twentieth of 1,000 tons (equivalent to 1,000 tons of ordinary explosives) have become practical weapons. A 10,000-ton nuclear shell can be launched with a 155 mm heavy gun, which can accurately carry out a nuclear explosion at the target site, which is almost the same as that of conventional weapons. As mentioned above, nuclear weapons with strictly defined explosive force and explosive range are called "tactical nuclear weapons".

If this limit is expressed by numbers, it is generally less than 1 10,000 tons, and the nuclear weapon with a maximum of 20,000 tons (Hiroshima type) belongs to tactical nuclear weapons. As for missiles, missiles with a range of less than seven or eight hundred kilometers, usually several kilometers or even dozens of kilometers, and a maximum range of only one or two hundred kilometers are classified as tactical missiles.

After the above explanation, I think the difference between "strategic air force" and "tactical air force" can also be clear. Especially at present, the strategic air force is playing its role as a nuclear strategic army. There is a clear line between it and the tactical air force that supports conventional war operations. Even the communication department is divided into strategic communication and tactical communication, which are functionally independent and perform tasks in their respective fields.

Third, the so-called tactics

In order to further clarify the difference between strategy and tactics, let's discuss "tactics" in detail.

The so-called tactics are simply "the means to achieve strategic goals, the principles and strategies of commanding troops (military forces) on the battlefield."

Therefore, tactics must be formulated according to specific situations. Therefore, it has two important characteristics: colorful changes and quick response, which corresponds to a far-sighted "strategy".

There are several basic types of tactics.

As a narrow combat technique and tactics, the following contents can be listed:

(1) formulate tactics according to the battlefield situation;

② Tactics about battle formation;

(3) Tactics to form offensive combat types;

④ Tactics formulated according to different units or arms.

In a word, the so-called battle is not just throwing automatic rifles and grenades, it must be aimed at receiving the effect of military action.

1984, 1 In March, 2008, guerrillas of the Vietnam Independence Union raided Katerby airport, which was heavily guarded by the French Air Force, destroying 60 military aircraft, which caused the French army to panic.

Cartby airport is located in the suburb of Hanoi. Only at this point can we imagine the importance attached to it by the French army. Surround eight kilometers with seven layers of barbed wire up to three meters. Between the seven layers of barbed wire, there are mines for signal and killing. There are mortar and machine gun mounts in the barbed wire. The security patrol patrols the barbed wire every 15 minutes.

How did the guerrillas invade such a strong and heavily guarded airport?

Here, there is a careful and thoughtful tactical study.

First of all, it is "reconnaissance" tactics.

Eight months before the sudden attack was resolutely carried out, guerrilla scouts took turns to enter the airport in disguise and made a full investigation of everything at the airport, as if they knew their yard like the back of their hand. During this period, two scouts were arrested by the French army, tortured and said nothing, and finally sentenced to death.

On the other hand, the players who rushed into the airport completely mastered the "surprise attack" tactics within two months. To this end, strict combat training has been carried out repeatedly. In order to successfully rush in and out, run five to six kilometers at full speed with full equipment. In order to prepare the river in front of the military swimming airport, we trained to swim 300 meters in one breath. In order to sneak into the airport, we also trained to crawl 500 to 1000 meters in just two hours. Besides. Also trained in a few seconds, put explosives on the target, and immediately withdraw and so on. In short, the rigorous and intense training for the surprise attack on Cartby lasted for two months without stopping.

Therefore, when the guerrillas "carried out" this sudden attack, they were as calm and accurate as usual training, thus achieving great success.

This sudden attack is a tactic adopted by guerrillas without air force to "shoot down" the French air force on the ground. Under the leadership of 28 B26 bombers, 60 planes, including transport planes and reconnaissance planes, exploded and caught fire on the ground, which was a great loss for the French army in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. What an unexpected strategy the guerrillas have come up with to "shoot down" the plane on the ground! It was inherited and developed by the Vietnam War, which can be called the Second Indo-China War, and the same tactics are still often used today.

The first type mentioned above, that is, tactics formulated according to the battlefield situation, was also used in this Cartby campaign. Take tactics such as attack, defense, pursuit and retreat "according to the combat situation"; According to the terrain conditions, we also adopted tactics such as field, mountain, highland, forest, canyon and river.

The second category is about the tactics of battle formation, including concentration, dispersion and evacuation. In reality, these are often used together.

Third, as the types of offensive operations, there are frontal tactics, lateral tactics, interspersed tactics and encirclement tactics, which are often used together.

Fourth, according to different units or arms, there are tactics such as infantry, artillery, tanks and aviation, and mobile tactics and position tactics are integrated into real wars. In addition, new and special guerrilla tactics and hijacking tactics are currently adopted.