What is the new coal chemical industry?

The latest appearance of "coal chemical industry" in official documents is the Opinions on Strengthening the Interaction between the East and the West and Deepening the Development of the West issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, which requires "developing and utilizing coal resources and building a large-scale coal chemical industry base". Locally, Inner Mongolia put forward the goal of "building the eastern part of Inner Mongolia into an important national modern coal chemical base by 2020", and initially planned to build three important national modern coal chemical bases, namely Hulunbeier, Huolinhe and Xilinhot. Other places are not far behind. Xinjiang, Shanxi, Anhui, Yunnan, Ningxia, Henan and other provinces have also thrown out Zhuang language and actively prepared to build a world-class coal chemical base. This can not help but remind people of the dilemma of traditional coal chemical industry three years ago. Coal chemical industry is a process that takes coal as raw material and converts coal into gas, liquid, solid fuel and chemicals through chemical processing. There are two kinds of coal chemical industry: traditional coal coking, coal-made calcium carbide, coal-made synthetic ammonia (fertilizer) and so on. New coal chemical industry usually refers to four kinds of coal-to-oil products, namely methanol, dimethyl ether and olefins. At present, China's traditional coal chemical industry has a long history, and the new coal chemical industry has just started. Since 2004, the traditional coal chemical industry has been in a state of surplus. According to the documents of the National Development and Reform Commission, according to the construction projects under construction and the forecast of future market demand, the production capacity of calcium carbide and coke in 20 10 will still be much higher than the market demand. Overcapacity will lead to vicious competition among enterprises, resulting in a decline in product prices and a substantial increase in business risks. Therefore, the national policy has listed it as a restricted development scope. The fertilizer market is limited and saturated; Coking is also restricted by the state. Just when all the public opinion stopped the traditional coal chemical industry, the peak turned and the new coal chemical industry began to March. With the entry of international and domestic investors, new coal chemical industry began to move from laboratory to production. Chen Yafei suggested that some mature and large-scale enterprises engaged in traditional coal chemical industry should gradually develop into emerging industries, actively go out, make full use of existing technology, talents and management advantages, cooperate with coal-rich areas in the west in the form of equity participation and holding, and join hands with scientific research institutes to find projects with market potential, make forward-looking preparations, cultivate new products and slowly transform. At present, 30 new coal chemical projects are under construction in the new coal chemical industry era, with a total investment of more than 80 billion yuan. The new production capacity is 8.5 million tons of methanol, 900,000 tons of dimethyl ether, 6,543.8+0,000 tons of olefins and 6,543.8+0.24 million tons of coal-to-liquids. The registered methanol project has a production capacity of 34 million tons, 3 million tons of olefins and 3 million tons of coal-to-liquid oil. From the market point of view, there is a shortage of oil resources and oil prices have been running at a high level. It is a trend that coal chemical products replace petroleum. From a strategic point of view, oil is a strategic resource, 1/3 is imported, and there are cases where money can't buy it, so it is very important to reserve oil; From the cost point of view, the cost advantage of 4 tons of coal and 1 ton of oil is obvious; Moreover, coal accounts for 94.3% of the proven energy reserves. "Lack of oil, gas and coal" is the basic national condition of China, and developing coal chemical industry is an inevitable choice. A new era of coal chemical industry has been born. However, for investors, new projects also have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the new round of coal chemical industry, there are great technical and financial risks, and each enterprise can only measure it by itself, taking the advantages of both and taking the disadvantages of both. Among them, methanol and dimethyl ether from coal have been put into production, and the output is also in the forefront of the world. The blind development of methanol is gradually emerging. If it continues to develop, the supply of methanol will be obviously surplus by 20 10. In addition, the substitution of methanol for raw materials in the transportation field has some insurmountable problems, such as low calorific value and mechanical corrosiveness, so the relevant national standards on methanol gasoline can not be issued for a long time. In July, 2006, the National Development and Reform Commission issued a document: No more coal-to-liquid projects with an annual output of less than 3 million tons, methanol and dimethyl ether projects with an annual output of less than 6.5438+0 million tons, and coal-to-olefin projects with an annual output of less than 600,000 tons will be approved. Don't worry about methanol, but it is also an alternative material in the transportation field. Dimethyl ether is more recognized by experts and is the most mature alternative fuel in the civil market. In the management opinions of coal chemical industry issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, dimethyl ether is clearly defined as a promising energy substitute and a fuel suitable for China's energy structure. Coal-to-liquid and olefins are still in the stage of industrial test and demonstration. Xu Bin said, "There are still technical and engineering risks". Chen Yafei said that coal-to-liquid is a high-profit industry. As long as the price of crude oil is 40 dollars/barrel, it will make money. Due to the high international oil price and the scarcity of oil, there is huge profit space for coal-to-liquid and other energy sources to replace the coal chemical industry. "Coal-to-oil is only carried out in China and South Africa. As long as a production line is successful, it is an amazing progress. " Xu Bin said. Coal-to-oil and olefins are not something that small and medium-sized enterprises can do. Only large enterprise groups like Shenhua and Yankuang can really enter these fields. According to the national requirement of not less than 3 million tons, 1 10,000 tons needs 1 100 million yuan, and a project needs at least 30 billion yuan. At present, Shenhua Group is second to none in China. The Ordos coal-to-oil project in Inner Mongolia, which was officially put into operation in 2008, has attracted much attention. This is also the world's first direct coal liquefaction technology independently developed by Shenhua Group. The planned scale is 5 million tons of oil/year, and the first production line of the first phase project is 6.5438+0 million tons of oil/year, which has been listed as a demonstration project of coal chemical industry in China's "Eleventh Five-Year" development plan. Besides Inner Mongolia, Shenhua also has coal chemical projects in Ningxia and Shaanxi. The coal-based olefin project with an annual output of 520,000 tons is a key project planned and constructed by Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base, and it is also the first large-scale coal chemical project in the world to produce polypropylene from coal. It is planned to be completed and put into operation in 2009. In Xinjiang, Shenhua holds 565,438+0% equity of Xinkuang Group through capital increase and share expansion, and jointly develops a ten-million-ton coal liquefaction project with it. China Coal Group is the second largest coal enterprise in China after Shenhua. Since the establishment of Energy and Coal Chemical Technology Center of China Coal Group in August 2006, 600,000 tons of olefins and 2.2 million tons of methanol projects have been implemented in Harbin, with an estimated investment of10 billion yuan. In addition, China Coal also began to promote coal chemical projects in Ordos. For coal chemical industry, Yankuang Group is different. It chose to develop overseas. Ruhr District, westfalen is known as the "hometown of coal" in the world, where Yankuang Group has built a coal chemical base in southwest Shandong. Shandong coal itself is on the verge of exhaustion, and the state encourages large state-owned enterprises like Yankuang to go out. The repositioning of Yankuang has also listed coal chemical industry as one of its main businesses. In addition to coal enterprises, the coal chemical industry fever has also spread to other central enterprises. Recently, the coal chemical industry in Jincheng, Shanxi Province has aroused great interest from CNOOC and Sinochem, and the two groups will jointly make strategic investment in the coal chemical industry in Jincheng. In addition, Shandong Luneng, china huadian, SDIC Group and other leading enterprises in the energy field have also signed agreements in Xinjiang and other places, with the estimated investment exceeding 1000 billion yuan.